Haywoodite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Haywoodite
Formula:
[Pb(H2O)10][Zn12(OH)20(H2O)(SO4)3]
Colour:
Colorless to pale pink
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
2½
Specific Gravity:
3.27
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Member of:
Name:
The name haywoodite is for Haywood County, North Carolina, where the type locality is.
Structurally related to lahnsteinite, namuwite, and osakaite. Chemically somewhat resembles other minerals described from the same locality: sulfatoredmondite, and two thiosulfate species redmondite and hydroredmondite.
Also compare beaverite-(Zn) and raygrantite.
As in the case of the co-described hanahanite, the structure is based on gordaite-like sheets. Other structural details:
* 1 Pb and 10 water groups pfu are containted in the disordered interlayer region.
Also compare beaverite-(Zn) and raygrantite.
As in the case of the co-described hanahanite, the structure is based on gordaite-like sheets. Other structural details:
* 1 Pb and 10 water groups pfu are containted in the disordered interlayer region.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
56030
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:56030:4
Classification of Haywoodite
Gordaite-type sheet
Members of the namuwite group exhibit gordaite-type sheets. In haywoodite, the sheets are joined by interlayer lead.
IMA Classification of Haywoodite
Approved
IMA Formula:
[Pb2+(H2O)10][Zn2+12(OH)20(H2O)(S6+O4)3]
Approval year:
2021
First published:
2023
Approval history:
IMA no. 2021-115
Type description reference:
Kampf, Anthony R., Smith, Jason B., Hughes, John M., Ma, Chi, Emproto, Christopher (2023) New Minerals from the Redmond Mine, North Carolina, USA: IV. Haywoodite and Hanahanite, Two New Minerals Containing Gordaite-Like Sheets. The Canadian Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 61 (6) 1137-1149 doi:10.3749/2300027
7.DF.
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
F : With large and medium-sized cations
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
F : With large and medium-sized cations
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Hyw | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Haywoodite
Vitreous
Colour:
Colorless to pale pink
Streak:
White
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
on {011}
on {011}
Fracture:
Step-Like
Comment:
Curved fracture
Density:
3.27(2) g/cm3 (Measured)
Optical Data of Haywoodite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.588(2) nβ = 1.600(2) nγ = 1.607(2)
2V:
Measured: 76° (2)
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.019
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Moderate (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Chemistry of Haywoodite
Mindat Formula:
[Pb(H2O)10][Zn12(OH)20(H2O)(SO4)3]
Element Weights:
Chemical Analysis
Empirical formulas:
| Sample ID | Empirical Formula |
|---|---|
| 1 | Pb1.36Zn11.97S3.00O43H41.33 |
Sample references:
Crystallography of Haywoodite
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:
P1
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.3530(2) Å, b = 13.2769(7) Å, c = 18.2733(13) Å
α = 92.427(8)°, β = 90.419(6)°, γ = 108.214(4)°
α = 92.427(8)°, β = 90.419(6)°, γ = 108.214(4)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.629 : 1 : 1.376
Unit Cell V:
1,922.83 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Comment:
structure determined
Crystal Structure
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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M12023 | Haywoodite | Kampf, Anthony R.; Smith, Jason B.; Hughes, John M.; Ma, Chi; Emproto, Christopher (2023) New Minerals from the Redmond Mine, North Carolina, USA: IV. Haywoodite and Hanahanite, Two New Minerals Containing Gordaite-Like Sheets. The Canadian Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 61 (6) 1137-1149 doi:10.3749/2300027 | 2023 | Redmond Mine, North Carolina, USA | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 10.62 Å | (100) |
| 7.26 Å | (45) |
| 6.04 Å | (40) |
| 3.306 Å | (48) |
| 3.219 Å | (53) |
| 2.731 Å | (51) |
| 2.652 Å | (93) |
| 2.402 Å | (37) |
Reference:
Kampf, Anthony R., Smith, Jason B., Hughes, John M., Ma, Chi, Emproto, Christopher (2023) New Minerals from the Redmond Mine, North Carolina, USA: IV. Haywoodite and Hanahanite, Two New Minerals Containing Gordaite-Like Sheets. The Canadian Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 61 (6) 1137-1149 doi:10.3749/2300027
Type Occurrence of Haywoodite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Pseudohexagonal tablets and barrel-like prisms, up to ca. 0.5 mm in diameter.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Mineralogical collections of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA, catalogue numbers 76205, 76206, and 76207 (cotypes).
Geological Setting of Type Material:
"highly unusual secondary assemblage that comprises a variety of rare Pb-Zn-Cu sulfates, thiosulfates, and carbonates"
Reference:
Kampf, Anthony R., Smith, Jason B., Hughes, John M., Ma, Chi, Emproto, Christopher (2023) New Minerals from the Redmond Mine, North Carolina, USA: IV. Haywoodite and Hanahanite, Two New Minerals Containing Gordaite-Like Sheets. The Canadian Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 61 (6) 1137-1149 doi:10.3749/2300027
Synonyms of Haywoodite
Other Language Names for Haywoodite
Dutch:Haywoodiet
German:Haywoodit
Relationship of Haywoodite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Namuwite Group:
| Bechererite | Zn7Cu(OH)13[(SiO(OH)3(SO4)] | Trig. 3 : P3 |
| Gordaite | NaZn4(SO4)(OH)6Cl · 6H2O | Trig. 3 : P3 |
| Guarinoite | Zn6(SO4)(OH)10 · 5H2O | Hex. |
| Hanahanite | [Zn8(OH)14(SO4)] · 3H2O | Hex. 6 : P63 |
| Hodgesmithite | (Cu,Zn)6Zn(SO4)2(OH)10 · 3H2O | Trig. 3 : P3 |
| Lahnsteinite | Zn4(SO4)(OH)6 · 3H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Namuwite | Zn4(SO4)(OH)6 · 4H2O | Trig. 3 : P3 |
| Osakaite | Zn4(SO4)(OH)6 · 5H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Ramsbeckite | (Cu,Zn)15(SO4)4(OH)22 · 6H2O | Mon. 2/m |
| Thérèsemagnanite | NaCo4(SO4)(OH)6Cl · 6H2O | Trig. 3 : P3 |
| Tzeferisite | CaZn8(SO4)2(OH)12Cl2(H2O)9 | Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3c |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 1 photo of Haywoodite associated with Hydroredmondite | [Pb8O2Zn(OH)6](S2O3)4 · 2H2O |
| 1 photo of Haywoodite associated with Galena | PbS |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 7.DF. | Siligiite | [Pb(H2O)5(SO4)][Zn9(OH)18] |
| 7.DF. | Alcaparrosaite | K3Ti4+Fe3+(SO4)4O(H2O)2 |
| 7.DF. | Flaggite | Pb4Cu2+4Te6+2(SO4)2O11(OH)2(H2O) |
| 7.DF. | Bairdite | Pb2Cu2+4Te6+2O10(OH)2(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.DF. | Tzeferisite | CaZn8(SO4)2(OH)12Cl2(H2O)9 |
| 7.DF. | Cherokeeite | [Pb2Zn(OH)4](SO4) · H2O |
| 7.DF. | Ammoniomathesiusite | (NH4)5(UO2)4(SO4)4(VO5) · 4H2O |
| 7.DF. | Sigogglinite | [Pb6Zn(OH)8]2(SO4)6 · (H2O)8-x |
| 7.DF.X | Blueridgeite | [Pb8Zn3Cu2+(OH)16](SO4)2(S2O3)2 · 2H2O |
| 7.DF. | Erssonite | Mg7Fe3+2(OH)18[Ca(H2O)6](SO4)2 · 12H2O |
| 7.DF. | Poellmannite | Ca6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| 7.DF. | Carlsonite | (NH4)5Fe3+3O(SO4)6 · 7H2O |
| 7.DF. | Cuprocherokeeite | [Pb8Zn3Cu2+(OH)16](SO4)4 · 4H2O |
| 7.DF. | Chromschieffelinite | Pb10Te6+6O20(OH)14(CrO4)(H2O)5 |
| 7.DF.05 | Uklonskovite | NaMg(SO4)F · 2H2O |
| 7.DF.10 | Kainite | KMg(SO4)Cl · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.10 | Kaliochalcite | KCu2(SO4)2[(OH)(H2O)] |
| 7.DF.15 | Natrochalcite | NaCu2(SO4)2(OH) · 2H2O |
| 7.DF.17 | Genplesite | Ca3Sn(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.17 | 'Unnamed (Ba-Sb Silicate-Sulphate-Hydroxide-Hydrate)' | Ba3Sb5+[(Si,S)O3(OH)]2(OH,O)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.20 | Sideronatrite | Na2Fe(SO4)2(OH) · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.20 | Metasideronatrite | Na2Fe(SO4)2(OH) · H2O |
| 7.DF.25 | Fleischerite | Pb3Ge(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.25 | Mallestigite | Pb3Sb5+(SO4)(AsO4)(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.25 | Schaurteite | Ca3Ge(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2O |
| 7.DF.25 | Despujolsite | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.30 | Slavíkite | (H3O+)3Mg6Fe15(SO4)21(OH)18 · 98H2O |
| 7.DF.35 | Metavoltine | K2Na6Fe2+Fe3+6O2(SO4)12 · 18H2O |
| 7.DF.40 | Lannonite | Mg2Ca4Al4(SO4)8F8 · 24H2O |
| 7.DF.40 | Vlodavetsite | AlCa2(SO4)2F2Cl · 4H2O |
| 7.DF.45 | Peretaite | Ca(SbO)4(SO4)2(OH)2 · 2H2O |
| 7.DF.50 | Gordaite | NaZn4(SO4)(OH)6Cl · 6H2O |
| 7.DF.50 | Calamaite | Na2TiO(SO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 7.DF.52 | Huizingite-(Al) | [(NH4)9(SO4)2][(Al,Fe3+)3(OH)2(H2O)4(SO4)6] |
| 7.DF.52 | Scordariite | K8(Fe3+0.67◻0.33)[Fe3+3O(SO4)6]2 · 14H2O |
| 7.DF.55 | Clairite | (NH4)2Fe3(SO4)4(OH)3 · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.55 | Giacovazzoite | K5Fe3+3O(SO4)6 · 10H2O |
| 7.DF.57 | Magnanelliite | K3Fe3+2(SO4)4(OH)(H2O)2 |
| 7.DF.60 | Arzrunite | Cu4Pb2(SO4)(OH)4Cl6 · 2H2O (?) |
| 7.DF.60 | Evdokimovite | Tl4(VO)3(SO4)5(H2O)5 |
| 7.DF.62 | Bridgesite-(Ce) | CaCe2Cu6(SO4)4(OH)12 · 8H2O |
| 7.DF.65 | Elyite | Pb4Cu(SO4)O2(OH)4 · H2O |
| 7.DF.70 | Yecoraite | Fe3+3Bi5(Te6+O4)2(Te4+O3)O9 · 9H2O |
| 7.DF.70 | Lautenthalite | PbCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.75 | Riomarinaite | Bi(SO4)(OH) · H2O |
| 7.DF.80 | Dukeite | Bi3+24Cr6+8O57(OH)6 · 3H2O |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Haywoodite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-56030.html
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References for Haywoodite
Reference List:
Miyawaki, Ritsuro, Hatert, Frédéric, Pasero, Marco, Mills, Stuart J. (2022) IMA Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC) – Newsletter 67. European Journal of Mineralogy, 34 (3) 359-364 doi:10.5194/ejm-34-359-2022
Kampf, Anthony R., Smith, Jason B., Hughes, John M., Ma, Chi, Emproto, Christopher (2023) New Minerals from the Redmond Mine, North Carolina, USA: IV. Haywoodite and Hanahanite, Two New Minerals Containing Gordaite-Like Sheets. The Canadian Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 61 (6) 1137-1149 doi:10.3749/2300027
Localities for Haywoodite
Showing 1 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
USA (TL) | |
| Miyawaki et al. (2022) +1 other reference |
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Redmond Mine, Waterville Lake, Haywood County, North Carolina, USA