Bairdite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Bairdite
Jerry A. Baird
Formula:
Pb2Cu2+4Te6+2O10(OH)2(SO4) · H2O
Colour:
Lime green
Lustre:
Adamantine
Hardness:
2 - 3
Specific Gravity:
6.062 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in honor of Jerry A. Baird (b. 1940) of Lake Havasu City, Arizona, USA. He is a mineral collector and has collected extensively at Otto Mountain. He supplied numerous samples for research including one of the two co-type specimens of bairdite and one of the two co-types of fuettererite.
New structure type
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
43583
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:43583:1
Similar Names
IMA Classification of Bairdite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Pb2+2Cu2+4Te6+2O10(OH)2(S6+O4)·H2O
Approval year:
2012
First published:
2013
Approval history:
IMA2012-061
Type description reference:
Kampf, A. R., Mills, S. J., Housley, R. M., Rossman, G. R., Marty, J., Thorne, B. (2013) Lead-tellurium oxysalts from Otto Mountain near Baker, California: X. Bairdite, Pb2Cu2+4Te6+2O10(OH)2(SO4)(H2O), a new mineral with thick HCP layers. American Mineralogist, 98 (7) 1315-1321 doi:10.2138/am.2013.4389
Classification of Bairdite
7.DF.
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
F : With large and medium-sized cations
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
F : With large and medium-sized cations
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Bai | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Bairdite
Adamantine
Colour:
Lime green
Streak:
Pale lime green
Hardness:
2 - 3 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
{100}
{100}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
6.062 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Bairdite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.953 nβ = 1.966 nγ = 2.039
2V:
Measured: 47° (2)
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.086
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
Z (pale green) <<< X (green) < Y (green)
Chemistry of Bairdite
Mindat Formula:
Pb2Cu2+4Te6+2O10(OH)2(SO4) · H2O
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Bairdite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Cell Parameters:
a = 14.3126 Å, b = 5.2267 Å, c = 9.4878 Å
β = 106.815°
β = 106.815°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 2.738 : 1 : 1.815
Unit Cell V:
679.41 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Diamond shaped tabular crystals to 250 microns, in subparallel and fan-shaped aggregates.
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
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Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Display Options
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
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Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0019857 | Bairdite | Kampf A R, Mills S J, Housley R M, Rossman G R, Marty J, Thorne B (2013) Lead-tellurium oxysalts from Otto Mountain near Baker, California: X. Bairdite, Pb2Cu2+4Te6+2O10(OH)2(SO4)(H2O), a new mineral with thick HCP layers American Mineralogist 98 1315-1321 | 2013 | Otto Mountain near Baker, California, USA | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.77 Å | (50) |
| 4.522 Å | (66) |
| 3.480 Å | (62) |
| 2.999 Å | (97) |
| 2.701 Å | (79) |
| 2.614 Å | (100) |
| 1.727 Å | (65) |
| 1.509 Å | (83) |
Reference:
Kampf, A. R., Mills, S. J., Housley, R. M., Rossman, G. R., Marty, J., Thorne, B. (2013) Lead-tellurium oxysalts from Otto Mountain near Baker, California: X. Bairdite, Pb2Cu2+4Te6+2O10(OH)2(SO4)(H2O), a new mineral with thick HCP layers. American Mineralogist, 98 (7) 1315-1321 doi:10.2138/am.2013.4389
Comments:
From Type Description.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47b : [Sulfates and sulfites] | |
| 47e : [Vanadates, chromates, manganates] |
Type Occurrence of Bairdite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Mineral Sciences Department, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California, USA, catalogue numbers 64000 and 64001
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Bird Nest drift, Otto Mountain, San Bernadino County, California, USA (35.27677ºN 116.09927ºW)
Reference:
Kampf, A. R., Mills, S. J., Housley, R. M., Rossman, G. R., Marty, J., Thorne, B. (2013) Lead-tellurium oxysalts from Otto Mountain near Baker, California: X. Bairdite, Pb2Cu2+4Te6+2O10(OH)2(SO4)(H2O), a new mineral with thick HCP layers. American Mineralogist, 98 (7) 1315-1321 doi:10.2138/am.2013.4389
Synonyms of Bairdite
Other Language Names for Bairdite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 4 photos of Bairdite associated with Fuettererite | Pb3Cu2+6Te6+O6(OH)7Cl5 |
| 4 photos of Bairdite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 1 photo of Bairdite associated with Timroseite | Pb2Cu5(TeO6)2(OH)2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 7.DF. | Siligiite | [Pb(H2O)5(SO4)][Zn9(OH)18] |
| 7.DF. | Alcaparrosaite | K3Ti4+Fe3+(SO4)4O(H2O)2 |
| 7.DF. | Flaggite | Pb4Cu2+4Te6+2(SO4)2O11(OH)2(H2O) |
| 7.DF. | Tzeferisite | CaZn8(SO4)2(OH)12Cl2(H2O)9 |
| 7.DF. | Cherokeeite | [Pb2Zn(OH)4](SO4) · H2O |
| 7.DF. | Ammoniomathesiusite | (NH4)5(UO2)4(SO4)4(VO5) · 4H2O |
| 7.DF. | Sigogglinite | [Pb6Zn(OH)8]2(SO4)6 · (H2O)8-x |
| 7.DF.X | Blueridgeite | [Pb8Zn3Cu2+(OH)16](SO4)2(S2O3)2 · 2H2O |
| 7.DF. | Erssonite | Mg7Fe3+2(OH)18[Ca(H2O)6](SO4)2 · 12H2O |
| 7.DF. | Poellmannite | Ca6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| 7.DF. | Carlsonite | (NH4)5Fe3+3O(SO4)6 · 7H2O |
| 7.DF. | Cuprocherokeeite | [Pb8Zn3Cu2+(OH)16](SO4)4 · 4H2O |
| 7.DF. | Haywoodite | [Pb(H2O)10][Zn12(OH)20(H2O)(SO4)3] |
| 7.DF. | Chromschieffelinite | Pb10Te6+6O20(OH)14(CrO4)(H2O)5 |
| 7.DF.05 | Uklonskovite | NaMg(SO4)F · 2H2O |
| 7.DF.10 | Kainite | KMg(SO4)Cl · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.10 | Kaliochalcite | KCu2(SO4)2[(OH)(H2O)] |
| 7.DF.15 | Natrochalcite | NaCu2(SO4)2(OH) · 2H2O |
| 7.DF.17 | Genplesite | Ca3Sn(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.17 | 'Unnamed (Ba-Sb Silicate-Sulphate-Hydroxide-Hydrate)' | Ba3Sb5+[(Si,S)O3(OH)]2(OH,O)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.20 | Sideronatrite | Na2Fe(SO4)2(OH) · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.20 | Metasideronatrite | Na2Fe(SO4)2(OH) · H2O |
| 7.DF.25 | Fleischerite | Pb3Ge(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.25 | Mallestigite | Pb3Sb5+(SO4)(AsO4)(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.25 | Schaurteite | Ca3Ge(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2O |
| 7.DF.25 | Despujolsite | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.30 | Slavíkite | (H3O+)3Mg6Fe15(SO4)21(OH)18 · 98H2O |
| 7.DF.35 | Metavoltine | K2Na6Fe2+Fe3+6O2(SO4)12 · 18H2O |
| 7.DF.40 | Lannonite | Mg2Ca4Al4(SO4)8F8 · 24H2O |
| 7.DF.40 | Vlodavetsite | AlCa2(SO4)2F2Cl · 4H2O |
| 7.DF.45 | Peretaite | Ca(SbO)4(SO4)2(OH)2 · 2H2O |
| 7.DF.50 | Gordaite | NaZn4(SO4)(OH)6Cl · 6H2O |
| 7.DF.50 | Calamaite | Na2TiO(SO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 7.DF.52 | Huizingite-(Al) | [(NH4)9(SO4)2][(Al,Fe3+)3(OH)2(H2O)4(SO4)6] |
| 7.DF.52 | Scordariite | K8(Fe3+0.67◻0.33)[Fe3+3O(SO4)6]2 · 14H2O |
| 7.DF.55 | Clairite | (NH4)2Fe3(SO4)4(OH)3 · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.55 | Giacovazzoite | K5Fe3+3O(SO4)6 · 10H2O |
| 7.DF.57 | Magnanelliite | K3Fe3+2(SO4)4(OH)(H2O)2 |
| 7.DF.60 | Arzrunite | Cu4Pb2(SO4)(OH)4Cl6 · 2H2O (?) |
| 7.DF.60 | Evdokimovite | Tl4(VO)3(SO4)5(H2O)5 |
| 7.DF.62 | Bridgesite-(Ce) | CaCe2Cu6(SO4)4(OH)12 · 8H2O |
| 7.DF.65 | Elyite | Pb4Cu(SO4)O2(OH)4 · H2O |
| 7.DF.70 | Yecoraite | Fe3+3Bi5(Te6+O4)2(Te4+O3)O9 · 9H2O |
| 7.DF.70 | Lautenthalite | PbCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.75 | Riomarinaite | Bi(SO4)(OH) · H2O |
| 7.DF.80 | Dukeite | Bi3+24Cr6+8O57(OH)6 · 3H2O |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Bairdite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-43583.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Bairdite
Reference List:
Williams, P. A., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2013) IMA Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification. CNMNC Newsletter No. 15. Mineralogical Magazine, 77 (1) 1-12 doi:10.1180/minmag.2013.077.1.01
Kampf, A. R., Mills, S. J., Housley, R. M., Rossman, G. R., Marty, J., Thorne, B. (2013) Lead-tellurium oxysalts from Otto Mountain near Baker, California: X. Bairdite, Pb2Cu2+4Te6+2O10(OH)2(SO4)(H2O), a new mineral with thick HCP layers. American Mineralogist, 98 (7) 1315-1321 doi:10.2138/am.2013.4389
Localities for Bairdite
Showing 11 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Kazakhstan | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data 2018 |
USA | |
| Thorne (n.d.) |
| Marek Chorazewicz (2022) |
| Specimens analyzed by the University of ... +1 other reference |
| Collected by and in the collection of ... |
| Marek Chorazewicz (2022) | |
| Marek Chorazewicz (2019) | |
| Mineralogical Magazine +1 other reference |
| collected by and in the collection of ... +1 other reference | |
| identity confirmed with Raman ... |
| Kampf et al. (2022) |
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410 Level, Empire Mine, Tombstone, Tombstone Mining District, Cochise County, Arizona, USA