Dukeite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Dukeite
Mary Duke Biddle
Formula:
Bi3+24Cr6+8O57(OH)6 · 3H2O
Colour:
Yellow to dirty yellow-brown
Lustre:
Resinous
Hardness:
3 - 4
Specific Gravity:
7.171 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Name:
Named for Duke University (North Carolina), as the holotype specimen was discovered in its collections, and for the Duke family. The discoverers of the mineral also note that the name acknowledges the Mary Duke Biddle Foundation 'for its support of mineralogical research that directly led to the initial discovery of the mineral.'
Unique combination of elements. Third natural bismuth-bearing chromate after chrombismite and 'unnamed (Bi chromate oxide)'.
The structure is based on irregular layers of Biφn polyhedra, with φ being O, OH, and H2O; the layers are parallel to (001), linked together by chromate tetrahedra. One of chromate groups shares all vertices with bismuth polyhedra, while the other three chromate groups have only three vertices shared.
The structure is based on irregular layers of Biφn polyhedra, with φ being O, OH, and H2O; the layers are parallel to (001), linked together by chromate tetrahedra. One of chromate groups shares all vertices with bismuth polyhedra, while the other three chromate groups have only three vertices shared.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
7089
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:7089:4
Similar Names
| Dakeite | A synonym of Schröckingerite | |
| Deeckeite | (H,K,Na)2(Mg,Ca)(Al,Fe)2Si10O25 · 9H2O | |
| Dickite | A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered | Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
IMA Classification of Dukeite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Bi3+24Cr6+8O57(OH)6·3H2O
Approval year:
1999
First published:
2000
Type description reference:
Classification of Dukeite
7.DF.80
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
F : With large and medium-sized cations
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
F : With large and medium-sized cations
Dana 7th ed.:
35.4.6.1
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Duk | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Pronunciation of Dukeite
Pronunciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Dukeite
Resinous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Yellow to dirty yellow-brown
Streak:
Bright yellow
Hardness:
3 - 4 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
7.171 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Dukeite
Type:
Uniaxial
RI values:
nα = 2.33 nβ = 2.37
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.000
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Bireflectance:
Very weak
Colour in reflected light:
Gray to purplish gray
Internal Reflections:
Yellow (strong)
Chemistry of Dukeite
Mindat Formula:
Bi3+24Cr6+8O57(OH)6 · 3H2O
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
V
Crystallography of Dukeite
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3m - Ditrigonal Pyramidal
Space Group:
P31c
Cell Parameters:
a = 15.067(3) Å, c = 15.293(4) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 1.015
Unit Cell V:
3007 ų
Z:
2
Morphology:
Very tightly bound sheaves of parallel growth acicular crystals.
Twinning:
None observed.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0002599 | Dukeite | Burns P C, Roberts A C, Stirling J A R, Criddle A J, Feinglos M N (2000) Dukeite, Bi24Cr8O57(OH)6(H2O)3, a new mineral from Brejauba, Minas Gerais, Brazil: Description and crystal structure American Mineralogist 85 1822-1827 |  | 2000 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 7.650 Å | (50) |
| 3.812 Å | (40) |
| 3.382 Å | (100) |
| 2.681 Å | (70) |
| 2.175 Å | (40) |
| 2.106 Å | (40) |
| 1.701 Å | (50) |
Comments:
Posse mine, São José de Brejaúba, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The data are from the type description.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates] | |
| 47e : [Vanadates, chromates, manganates] |
Type Occurrence of Dukeite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Grouped sheaves / acicular crystals, possibly pseudomorphous after unnamed phase; aggregates are 1 x 0.3 mm2, and individuals up to 100 x 1-2 µm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, number NMC 68082.
Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom, number BM 1999,26 (type)
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, number 172012 (holotype).
Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom, number BM 1999,26 (type)
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, number 172012 (holotype).
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Synonyms of Dukeite
Other Language Names for Dukeite
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 7.DF. | Siligiite | [Pb(H2O)5(SO4)][Zn9(OH)18] |
| 7.DF. | Alcaparrosaite | K3Ti4+Fe3+(SO4)4O(H2O)2 |
| 7.DF. | Flaggite | Pb4Cu2+4Te6+2(SO4)2O11(OH)2(H2O) |
| 7.DF. | Bairdite | Pb2Cu2+4Te6+2O10(OH)2(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.DF. | Tzeferisite | CaZn8(SO4)2(OH)12Cl2(H2O)9 |
| 7.DF. | Cherokeeite | [Pb2Zn(OH)4](SO4) · H2O |
| 7.DF. | Ammoniomathesiusite | (NH4)5(UO2)4(SO4)4(VO5) · 4H2O |
| 7.DF. | Sigogglinite | [Pb6Zn(OH)8]2(SO4)6 · (H2O)8-x |
| 7.DF.X | Blueridgeite | [Pb8Zn3Cu2+(OH)16](SO4)2(S2O3)2 · 2H2O |
| 7.DF. | Erssonite | Mg7Fe3+2(OH)18[Ca(H2O)6](SO4)2 · 12H2O |
| 7.DF. | Poellmannite | Ca6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| 7.DF. | Carlsonite | (NH4)5Fe3+3O(SO4)6 · 7H2O |
| 7.DF. | Cuprocherokeeite | [Pb8Zn3Cu2+(OH)16](SO4)4 · 4H2O |
| 7.DF. | Haywoodite | [Pb(H2O)10][Zn12(OH)20(H2O)(SO4)3] |
| 7.DF. | Chromschieffelinite | Pb10Te6+6O20(OH)14(CrO4)(H2O)5 |
| 7.DF.05 | Uklonskovite | NaMg(SO4)F · 2H2O |
| 7.DF.10 | Kainite | KMg(SO4)Cl · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.10 | Kaliochalcite | KCu2(SO4)2[(OH)(H2O)] |
| 7.DF.15 | Natrochalcite | NaCu2(SO4)2(OH) · 2H2O |
| 7.DF.17 | Genplesite | Ca3Sn(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.17 | 'Unnamed (Ba-Sb Silicate-Sulphate-Hydroxide-Hydrate)' | Ba3Sb5+[(Si,S)O3(OH)]2(OH,O)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.20 | Sideronatrite | Na2Fe(SO4)2(OH) · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.20 | Metasideronatrite | Na2Fe(SO4)2(OH) · H2O |
| 7.DF.25 | Fleischerite | Pb3Ge(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.25 | Mallestigite | Pb3Sb5+(SO4)(AsO4)(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.25 | Schaurteite | Ca3Ge(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2O |
| 7.DF.25 | Despujolsite | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.30 | Slavíkite | (H3O+)3Mg6Fe15(SO4)21(OH)18 · 98H2O |
| 7.DF.35 | Metavoltine | K2Na6Fe2+Fe3+6O2(SO4)12 · 18H2O |
| 7.DF.40 | Lannonite | Mg2Ca4Al4(SO4)8F8 · 24H2O |
| 7.DF.40 | Vlodavetsite | AlCa2(SO4)2F2Cl · 4H2O |
| 7.DF.45 | Peretaite | Ca(SbO)4(SO4)2(OH)2 · 2H2O |
| 7.DF.50 | Gordaite | NaZn4(SO4)(OH)6Cl · 6H2O |
| 7.DF.50 | Calamaite | Na2TiO(SO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 7.DF.52 | Huizingite-(Al) | [(NH4)9(SO4)2][(Al,Fe3+)3(OH)2(H2O)4(SO4)6] |
| 7.DF.52 | Scordariite | K8(Fe3+0.67◻0.33)[Fe3+3O(SO4)6]2 · 14H2O |
| 7.DF.55 | Clairite | (NH4)2Fe3(SO4)4(OH)3 · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.55 | Giacovazzoite | K5Fe3+3O(SO4)6 · 10H2O |
| 7.DF.57 | Magnanelliite | K3Fe3+2(SO4)4(OH)(H2O)2 |
| 7.DF.60 | Arzrunite | Cu4Pb2(SO4)(OH)4Cl6 · 2H2O (?) |
| 7.DF.60 | Evdokimovite | Tl4(VO)3(SO4)5(H2O)5 |
| 7.DF.62 | Bridgesite-(Ce) | CaCe2Cu6(SO4)4(OH)12 · 8H2O |
| 7.DF.65 | Elyite | Pb4Cu(SO4)O2(OH)4 · H2O |
| 7.DF.70 | Yecoraite | Fe3+3Bi5(Te6+O4)2(Te4+O3)O9 · 9H2O |
| 7.DF.70 | Lautenthalite | PbCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.75 | Riomarinaite | Bi(SO4)(OH) · H2O |
Fluorescence of Dukeite
none
Other Information
Notes:
Slowly soluble in HCl.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Dukeite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-7089.html
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References for Dukeite
Reference List:
Burns, Peter C., Roberts, Andrew C., Stirling, John A.R., Criddle, Alan J., Feinglos, Mark N. (2000) Dukeite, Bi3+24Cr6+8O57(OH)6(H2O)3, a new mineral from Brejaúba, Minas Gerais, Brazil: Description and crystal structure. American Mineralogist, 85 (11) 1822-1827 doi:10.2138/am-2000-11-1227
Localities for Dukeite
Showing 3 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Brazil (TL) | |
| Burns et al. (2000) |
France | |
| Georges Favreau |
Japan | |
| Akira Harada et al. (2010) +2 other references |
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Posse mine, São José de Brejaúba, Conceição do Mato Dentro, Minas Gerais, Brazil