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Tsugaruite

A valid IMA mineral species
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Tsugaruite

Yunosawa mine, Ikarigaseki, Minamitsugaru District, Aomori Prefecture, Japan
04358310017272021887748.jpg
Tsugaruite

Yunosawa mine, Ikarigaseki, Minamitsugaru District, Aomori Prefecture, Japan
01190730017759919244823.jpg
Tsugaruite

Yunosawa mine, Ikarigaseki, Minamitsugaru District, Aomori Prefecture, Japan
05390670017271928986455.jpg
Tsugaruite

Yunosawa mine, Ikarigaseki, Minamitsugaru District, Aomori Prefecture, Japan
01992510017271929015157.jpg
Tsugaruite

Yunosawa mine, Ikarigaseki, Minamitsugaru District, Aomori Prefecture, Japan
06449210017730173729966.jpg
Tsugaruite

Yunosawa mine, Ikarigaseki, Minamitsugaru District, Aomori Prefecture, Japan
05390670017271928986455.jpg
Tsugaruite

Yunosawa mine, Ikarigaseki, Minamitsugaru District, Aomori Prefecture, Japan
01992510017271929015157.jpg
Tsugaruite

Yunosawa mine, Ikarigaseki, Minamitsugaru District, Aomori Prefecture, Japan
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About TsugaruiteHide

Formula:
Pb28As15S50Cl
Formerly assumed to be Pb4As2S7.
Colour:
Lead-gray
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
2½ - 3
Specific Gravity:
6.83 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named after the discovery locality, Yunosawa Mine, Tsugaru-gun, Aomori Prefecture, Japan.
An "N = 4 plesiotypic derivative of the homologous series of Pb-Sb chloro-sulfosalts" with "the general formula Pb(2+2N)(Sb,Pb)(2+2N)S(2+2N)(S,Cl)(4+2N)ClN".

Cl/(Cl+S) is similar to that in pillaite and pellouxite; and slightly higher than that shown by dadsonite.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
7344
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:7344:4

IMA Classification of TsugaruiteHide

IMA status:
Approved
IMA status notes:
Redefined by the IMA
Approval year:
1997
First published:
1998
Approval history:
2019: Redefined as a lead-arsenic chloro-sulfosalt, Pb28As15S50Cl (Proposal 19-A)
Type description reference:
Shimizu, M., Miyawaki, R., Kato, A., Matsubara, S., Matsuyama, F., Kiyota, K. (1998) Tsugaruite, Pb4As2S7, a new mineral species from the Yunosawa mine, Aomori Prefecture, Japan. Mineralogical Magazine, 62 (6) 793-799 doi:10.1180/002646198548179

Classification of TsugaruiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):
2.JB.30c

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
J : Sulfosalts of PbS archetype
B : Galena derivatives, with Pb

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference for Standard
TsgIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of TsugaruiteHide

Lustre:
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Lead-gray
Streak:
Lead-gray
Hardness:
2½ - 3 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN25=75.4 - 94.9 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
6.83 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of TsugaruiteHide

Anisotropism:
Weak/moderate; rotation tints of dark brownish gray at near-extinction, to dark yellowish gray, and to dark greenish gray
Bireflectance:
Weak
Reflectivity:
WavelengthR1 (%)R2 (%)imR1 (%)imR2 (%)
470nm33.8%34.0%19.2%19.4%
546nm31.8%31.9%18.2%19.6%
589nm31.2%31.3%17.4%19.3%
650nm30.4%30.4%16.3%18.4%


Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 34.0%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red, imR1 shown in green, imR2 shown in blue
Internal Reflections:
None
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
White with a greenish tint to gray-white with a greenish tint.

Chemistry of TsugaruiteHide

Mindat Formula:
Pb28As15S50Cl

Formerly assumed to be Pb4As2S7.
Element Weights:
Element% weight
Pb67.743 %
S18.721 %
As13.123 %
Cl0.414 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.
Elements listed:
As, Cl, Pb, S - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of TsugaruiteHide

Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mm2 - Pyramidal
Space Group:
Pnn2
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.0774(10) Å, b = 15.1772(16) Å, c = 38.129(4) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.532 : 1 : 2.512
Unit Cell V:
4674.3 ų
Z:
16
Morphology:
Elongate [001] and tabular on {010}.
Comment:
Space group Pnn2 or Pnnm according to Shimizu et al. (1998). Sub-cell with halved c. However, Biagioni et al. (2020) solved the structure in the space group Pnn2 (unit cell parameters from this later study)

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.705 Å(34)
3.395 Å(100)
2.870 Å(34)
2.819 Å(53)
2.739 Å(48)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
High-? alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])

Type Occurrence of TsugaruiteHide

Type Locality:
ⓘ Yunosawa mine, Ikarigaseki, Minamitsugaru District, Aomori Prefecture, Japan
General Appearance of Type Material:
Silvery lead-gray, radiating groups of elongate tabular crystals to 2 mm long and 0.04 mm wide.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
University Museum of the University of Tokyo, Japan.
National Science Museum, Tokyo, Japan.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Hydrothermal baryte vein
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
JordaniteWurtziteMarcasiteGalenaBaryte
Reference:
Shimizu, M., Miyawaki, R., Kato, A., Matsubara, S., Matsuyama, F., Kiyota, K. (1998) Tsugaruite, Pb4As2S7, a new mineral species from the Yunosawa mine, Aomori Prefecture, Japan. Mineralogical Magazine, 62 (6) 793-799 doi:10.1180/002646198548179

Synonyms of TsugaruiteHide

Other Language Names for TsugaruiteHide

German:Tsugaruit
Japanese:津軽鉱
Spanish:Tsugaruita

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:
7 photos of Tsugaruite associated with BaryteBaSO4
1 photo of Tsugaruite associated with JordanitePb14As6S23
1 photo of Tsugaruite associated with GalenaPbS

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

2.JB.Clino-oscarkempffiteAg15Pb6Sb21Bi18S72Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.JB.ArsenquatrandoriteAg17.6Pb12.8Sb38.1As11.5S96Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.JB.GinelfiteAg2(Ag0.5Fe)TlPb23.5(Sb,As)33.5S76Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.AndreadiniiteCuHgAg7Pb7Sb24S48Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.JB.ChukotkaiteAgPb7Sb5S15Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.JB.SelenojunoiteCu2Pb3Bi8Se16Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.LechneriteAg10Cu4HgPb33Sb58S128Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.Cuprosenandorite Ag16Cu8Pb24Sb72S144Orth. mm2 : Pna21
2.JB.MorleyiteAg2CuPb25Sb24As4S68.5Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.LazerckeriteAg3.75Pb4.50(Sb7.75Bi4)S24Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.JB.LasmanisiteAg12Pb13Mn11Sb44S96Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21
2.JB.MontpelvouxiteAgPb16Sb27As18S84Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.SenandoriteAgPbSb3S6Orth. mm2 : Pmn21
2.JB.OscarkempffiteAg10Pb4(Sb17Bi9)S48Orth. mm2
2.JB.05DiaphoriteAg3Pb2Sb3S8Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.JB.10CosalitePb2Bi2S5Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.JB.15MarriteAgPbAsS3Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.JB.15FreieslebeniteAgPbSbS3Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.JB.20CannizzaritePb48Bi56S132Mon. 2/m : P21/m
2.JB.20WittitePb9Bi12(S,Se)27Mon.
2.JB.25jRouxeliteCu2HgPb23Sb27S65.5Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.25iNeyiteAg2Cu6Pb25Bi26S68Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.25aJunoiteCu2Pb3Bi8(S,Se)16Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.25fÁngelaiteCu2AgPbBiS4Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
2.JB.25eGalenobismutitePbBi2S4Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.JB.25cNordströmiteCuPb3Bi7(Se4S10)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
2.JB.25iCuproneyiteCu7Pb27Bi25S68Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.25gNuffielditeCu1.4Pb2.4Bi2.4Sb0.2S7Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.JB.25hWeibullitePb5Bi8Se7S11Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
2.JB.25dProuditeCuPb7.5Bi9.33(S,Se)22Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.25bFelbertaliteCu2Pb6Bi8S19Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.30aJordanitePb14As6S23Mon. 2/m : P21/m
2.JB.30aGeocronitePb14Sb6S23Mon. 2/m : P21/m
2.JB.30aArsenmarcobaldiitePb12(As3.2Sb2.8)Σ6S21Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.30bKirkiitePb10Bi3As3S19Mon. 2/m : P21/m
2.JB.30aMarcobaldiitePb12(Sb3As2Bi)Σ6S21Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.35dPellouxite(Cu,Ag)Pb10Sb12S27O(Cl,S)0.6Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.35eChovanitePb15-2xSb14+2xS36Ox (x ~ 0.2)Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.35aZinkenitePb9Sb22S42Hex. 6 : P63
2.JB.35cPillaitePb9Sb10S23ClO0.5Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.35bScainiitePb14Sb30S54O5Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.35fTubuliteAg2Pb22Sb20S53 Mon. m : Pb
2.JB.40aFizélyiteAg5Pb14Sb21S48 Mon. 2/m
2.JB.40aRamdohritePb5.9Fe0.1Mn0.1In0.1Cd0.2Ag2.8Sb10.8S24Mon. 2/m
2.JB.40eUstarasitePb(Bi,Sb)6S10 (?)
2.JB.40a'Bursaite'Pb5Bi4S11 (?)Orth.
2.JB.40'UM1988-05-S:AgBiCuHgPb'(Hg,Ag,Cu,Pb)5Pb5Bi11S27
2.JB.40'UM1988-06-S:AgBiCuHgPb'(Pb,Hg)12(Cu,Ag)3(Bi,Sb)10(S,Te)27
2.JB.40aTerrywallaceiteAgPb(Sb,Bi)3S6Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.JB.40aJasrouxiteAg16Pb4(Sb25As15)S72Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.40aTarutinoiteAg3Pb7Bi7S19Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.40aOyoniteAg3Mn2Pb4Sb7As4S24Mon. 2/m
2.JB.40bHeyrovskýitePb6Bi2S9Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cccm
2.JB.40aQuatrandoriteAgPbSb3S6Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.JB.40aErzwiesiteAg8Pb12Bi16S40Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
2.JB.40aVikingiteAg5Pb8Bi13S30Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.40aLillianitePb3-2xAgxBi2+xS6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.JB.40bBaiamareiteAg4Pb12Fe4Sb20S48Mon. 2/m
2.JB.40aStaročeskéiteAg0.70Pb1.60(Bi1.35Sb1.35)Σ2.70S6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
2.JB.40aRoshchiniteAg19Pb10Sb51S96Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
2.JB.40bAschamalmitePb6-3xBi2+xS9Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.40bEskimoiteAg7Pb10Bi15S36Mon.
2.JB.40aMenchettiiteAgPb2.40Mn1.60Sb3As2S12Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.JB.40aHolubiteAg3Pb6(Sb8Bi3)S24Mon. 2/m
2.JB.40aBrusnitsyniteMn3CuPbAs3Sb2S12Mon. 2/m : P21/b
2.JB.40aTreasuriteAg7Pb6Bi15S32Mon.
2.JB.40cOurayiteAg3Pb4Bi5S13Orth.
2.JB.40aUchucchacuaiteAgMnPb3Sb5S12Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmmm
2.JB.40d'Schirmerite'PbAgBi3S6 - Pb3Ag1.5Bi3.5S9Orth.
2.JB.40aXilingolitePb3Bi2S6Mon.
2.JB.40aGustaviteAgPbBi3S6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.JB.55GratonitePb9As4S15Trig. 3m : R3m
2.JB.60MarrucciiteHg3Pb16Sb18S46Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.65VurroitePb20Sn2(Bi,As)22S54Cl6Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.JB.65TazieffitePb20Cd2(As,Bi)22S50Cl10Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.JB.70DaliranitePbHgAs2S5Mon.

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for TsugaruiteHide

References for TsugaruiteHide

Localities for TsugaruiteHide

Showing 5 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Japan (TL)
 
  • Aomori Prefecture
    • Minamitsugaru District
      • Ikarigaseki
Shimizu et al. (1998) +1 other reference
Malaysia
 
  • Perak
    • Hulu Perak District
Kiong et al. (2004)
Russia
 
  • Amur Oblast
    • Urusha-Oldoi ore district
Nordgold
  • Khabarovsk Krai
    • Imeni Poliny Osipenko District
AA et al. (2021)
Vietnam
 
  • Lâm Đồng Province
    • Đức Trọng District
Anh et al. (2015)
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