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Cannizzarite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Cannizzarite

La Fossa crater, Vulcano Island, Lipari, Eolie Islands, Metropolitan City of Messina, Sicily, Italy

Cannizzarite

La Fossa crater, Vulcano Island, Lipari, Eolie Islands, Metropolitan City of Messina, Sicily, Italy

Cannizzarite, etc.

Merrimac Mine, Organ Mining District, Organ Mountains, Doña Ana County, New Mexico, USA

Cannizzarite

La Fossa crater, Vulcano Island, Lipari, Eolie Islands, Metropolitan City of Messina, Sicily, Italy

Cannizzarite, etc.

Merrimac Mine, Organ Mining District, Organ Mountains, Doña Ana County, New Mexico, USA

Cannizzarite

La Fossa crater, Vulcano Island, Lipari, Eolie Islands, Metropolitan City of Messina, Sicily, Italy

Cannizzarite

La Fossa crater, Vulcano Island, Lipari, Eolie Islands, Metropolitan City of Messina, Sicily, Italy

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About CannizzariteHide

Stanislao Cannizzaro

Formula:

Pb₄₈Bi₅₆S₁₃₂

S may be replaced by minor Se (or Se may even be essential). The structure solution (Topa et al., 2010) gave Pb₄₈Bi₅₆(S₁₂₄Se₈)_sum132. This can be simplified to Pb₆Bi₇(S,Se)_16.5.
Previously given as Pb₈Bi₁₀S₂₃.

Colour:

White to silvery gray

Lustre:

Metallic

Hardness:

Specific Gravity:

6.7

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Name:

Named by F. Zambonini, O. de Fiore, and G. Carobbi in 1924 in honor of Stanislao Cannizzaro (13 July 1826, Palermo, Sicily, Italy – 10 May 1910, Rome, Italy), chemist. He is best known for the Cannizzaro reaction and his work on atomic weights.

Type Locality:

ⓘ La Fossa crater, Vulcano Island, Lipari, Eolie Islands (Aeolian Islands), Metropolitan City of Messina, Sicily, Italy

Wittite may be identical with cannizzarite.

Compare Unnamed (Cd-Pb-Bi Sulphide Selenide II) and so-called "cannizzarite-B" (UM1975-13-S:BiPb).

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

883

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:883:1

Similar NamesHide

Cannizzarite-B

A synonym of 'UM1975-13-S:BiPb'

IMA Classification of CannizzariteHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

IMA Formula:

Pb²⁺₈Bi³⁺₁₀S^2-₂₃

First published:

1924

Classification of CannizzariteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

2.JB.20

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
J : Sulfosalts of PbS archetype
B : Galena derivatives, with Pb

Dana 8th ed.:

3.6.5.1

3 : SULFOSALTS
6 : 2 < ø < 2.49

Hey's CIM Ref.:

5.6.25

5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
6 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Pb alone

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Cnz	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of CannizzariteHide

Lustre:

Metallic

Transparency:

Opaque

Colour:

White to silvery gray

Comment:

Iridescent tarnish.

Hardness:

2 on Mohs scale

Hardness:

VHN₂₀=132 kg/mm² - Vickers

Tenacity:

Malleable

Comment:

Somewhat malleable and elastic, prone to twisting and bending.

Density:

6.7 g/cm³ (Measured) 6.95 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of CannizzariteHide

Anisotropism:

Strong from blue to gray

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R₁ (%)	R₂ (%)
400nm	49.2%	51.3%
420nm	49.8%	52.4%
440nm	50.4%	53.5%
460nm	50.7%	53.7%
480nm	50.6%	53.3%
500nm	50.2%	52.8%
520nm	49.7%	52.2%
540nm	49.2%	51.6%
560nm	48.6%	51.0%
580nm	48.2%	50.4%
600nm	47.8%	50.0%
620nm	47.5%	49.5%
640nm	47.3%	49.2%
660nm	47.2%	49.0%
680nm	47.2%	49.0%
700nm	47.2%	49.2%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 53.7%.
R₁ shown in black, R₂ shown in red

Chemistry of CannizzariteHide

Mindat Formula:

Pb₄₈Bi₅₆S₁₃₂

S may be replaced by minor Se (or Se may even be essential). The structure solution (Topa et al., 2010) gave Pb₄₈Bi₅₆(S₁₂₄Se₈)_sum132. This can be simplified to Pb₆Bi₇(S,Se)_16.5.
Previously given as Pb₈Bi₁₀S₂₃.

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
Bi	45.218 %
Pb	38.428 %
S	16.354 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Bi, Pb, S - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Se,Ag,Sb,Te

Crystallography of CannizzariteHide

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Class (H-M):

2/m - Prismatic

Space Group:

P2₁/m

Cell Parameters:

a = 38.86(3) Å, b = 4.090(3) Å, c = 39.83(3) Å
β = 102.30(3)°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 9.501 : 1 : 9.738

Unit Cell V:

6,185.16 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Thin laths, felted masses, stellate groups. Crystals to 2 mm.

Twinning:

Stellate trillings and simple V-shaped twins.

Comment:

(Cd,In)-rich cannizzarite has a 15.4172(9), b 4.0582(2), c 20.8071(12) Å, β 98.031(2)°, V 1289.05(12) Å3 (Borisov et al., 2012). Previously assumed to be a = 4.13, b = 4.13, c = 15.48 Å, beta 99° (Graham et al., 1953).

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0006281	Cannizzarite	Topa D, Makovicky E, Dittrich H (2010) The crystal structure of 7H:12Q cannizzarite from Vulcano, Italy The Canadian Mineralogist 48 483-495		2010	Vulcano, Italy	0	293
0009657	Cannizzarite	Matzat E (1979) Cannizzarite Acta Crystallographica B35 133-136		1979	Vulcano, Italy	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Cannizzarite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Topa D'
'Makovicky E'
'Dittrich H'
_journal_name_full 'The Canadian Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 48 
_journal_year 2010
_journal_page_first 483
_journal_page_last 495
_publ_section_title
;
 The crystal structure of 7H:12Q cannizzarite from Vulcano, Italy
;
_database_code_amcsd 0006281
_chemical_compound_source 'Vulcano, Italy'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Pb25 Bi27 S62.39 Se3.61'
_cell_length_a 38.86
_cell_length_b 4.090
_cell_length_c 39.83
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 102.30
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 6185.165
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      7.038
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P 1 21/m 1'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  'x,1/2-y,z'
  '-x,1/2+y,-z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
PbMe1   0.03180   0.75000   0.21910   1.00000   0.02300
PbMe2   0.00980   0.25000   0.31470   1.00000   0.02700
BiMe3   0.10500   0.75000   0.30930   1.00000   0.02000
BiMe4   0.10270   0.25000   0.39700   1.00000   0.02000
PbMe5   0.19620   0.75000   0.39290   1.00000   0.02800
PbMe6   0.17490   0.25000   0.48830   1.00000   0.03000
BiMe7   0.26810   0.75000   0.48300   1.00000   0.02500
PbMe8   0.26330   0.25000   0.57370   1.00000   0.03100
PbMe9   0.36430   0.75000   0.55410   1.00000   0.03400
BiMe10   0.35080   0.25000   0.64470   1.00000   0.03000
PbMe11   0.44500   0.75000   0.64200   0.50000   0.03500
BiMe11   0.44500   0.75000   0.64200   0.50000   0.03500
PbMe12   0.42520   0.25000   0.73440   1.00000   0.02600
PbMe13   0.47510   0.25000   0.28000   0.50000   0.03100
BiMe13   0.47510   0.25000   0.28000   0.50000   0.03100
BiMe14   0.47930   0.75000   0.19030   1.00000   0.02200
PbMe15   0.38690   0.25000   0.19630   1.00000   0.02600
PbMe16   0.40700   0.75000   0.10010   1.00000   0.02700
BiMe17   0.31340   0.25000   0.10560   1.00000   0.02000
BiMe18   0.31580   0.75000   0.01720   1.00000   0.02700
PbMe19   0.21950   0.25000   0.02530   1.00000   0.02800
PbMe20   0.24100   0.75000   0.93180   1.00000   0.02100
BiMe21   0.14740   0.25000   0.93490   1.00000   0.01900
PbMe22   0.15660   0.75000   0.84390   1.00000   0.02700
PbMe23   0.05500   0.25000   0.86640   1.00000   0.02300
BiMe24   0.06170   0.75000   0.77550   1.00000   0.02000
PbMe25   0.04150   0.25000   0.98110   1.00000   0.01400
BiMe26   0.03040   0.25000   0.08670   1.00000   0.01400
BiMe27   0.11760   0.75000   0.05040   1.00000   0.01400
PbMe28   0.10360   0.75000   0.15520   0.50000   0.01800
BiMe28   0.10360   0.75000   0.15520   0.50000   0.01800
PbMe29   0.18690   0.25000   0.12440   0.50000   0.01500
BiMe29   0.18690   0.25000   0.12440   0.50000   0.01500
PbMe30   0.17010   0.25000   0.22900   0.50000   0.02000
BiMe30   0.17010   0.25000   0.22900   0.50000   0.02000
PbMe31   0.25930   0.75000   0.19740   0.50000   0.01600
BiMe31   0.25930   0.75000   0.19740   0.50000   0.01600
PbMe32   0.24060   0.75000   0.30190   1.00000   0.01700
BiMe33   0.32530   0.25000   0.27240   1.00000   0.01700
PbMe34   0.30890   0.25000   0.37670   0.50000   0.01400
BiMe34   0.30890   0.25000   0.37670   0.50000   0.01400
PbMe35   0.39690   0.75000   0.34240   1.00000   0.01600
PbMe36   0.38470   0.75000   0.44740   0.50000   0.01600
BiMe36   0.38470   0.75000   0.44740   0.50000   0.01600
PbMe37   0.46790   0.25000   0.41220   1.00000   0.01900
BiMe38   0.45670   0.25000   0.51730   1.00000   0.01700
BiMe39   0.45720   0.75000   0.01470   1.00000   0.02000
BiMe40   0.47510   0.75000   0.91010   1.00000   0.02400
PbMe41   0.38680   0.25000   0.94280   0.50000   0.02100
BiMe41   0.38680   0.25000   0.94280   0.50000   0.02100
PbMe42   0.40120   0.25000   0.83750   0.50000   0.02300
BiMe42   0.40120   0.25000   0.83750   0.50000   0.02300
PbMe43   0.31800   0.75000   0.87080   0.50000   0.01900
BiMe43   0.31800   0.75000   0.87080   0.50000   0.01900
BiMe44   0.33010   0.75000   0.76550   1.00000   0.02200
BiMe45   0.24430   0.25000   0.80120   1.00000   0.02000
PbMe46   0.25450   0.25000   0.69400   0.50000   0.02400
BiMe46   0.25450   0.25000   0.69400   0.50000   0.02400
PbMe47   0.17200   0.75000   0.73290   1.00000   0.02800
BiMe48   0.18270   0.75000   0.62750   1.00000   0.02700
BiMe49   0.09510   0.25000   0.66380   1.00000   0.03000
BiMe50   0.10980   0.25000   0.55940   1.00000   0.02400
PbMe51   0.02610   0.75000   0.58930   1.00000   0.03200
BiMe52   0.04480   0.75000   0.48550   1.00000   0.03200
S1   0.06160   0.25000   0.27430   1.00000   0.04100
S2   0.06240   0.75000   0.35440   1.00000   0.01300
S3   0.14650   0.25000   0.35320   1.00000   0.01700
S4   0.14600   0.75000   0.43340   1.00000 ?
S5   0.22600   0.25000   0.44500   1.00000   0.01900
S6   0.22430   0.75000   0.52500   1.00000   0.02000
S7   0.30670   0.25000   0.52410   1.00000   0.02100
S8   0.31780   0.75000   0.59990   1.00000   0.00800
S9   0.39690   0.25000   0.60440   1.00000   0.01300
S10   0.39580   0.75000   0.68310   1.00000   0.01500
S11   0.47510   0.25000   0.69120   1.00000   0.03600
S12   0.51750   0.25000   0.23430   1.00000   0.00900
S13   0.43510   0.75000   0.23320   1.00000   0.00400
S14   0.43650   0.25000   0.15430   1.00000   0.01800
S15   0.35640   0.75000   0.14300   1.00000   0.01500
S16   0.35780   0.25000   0.06080   1.00000   0.00800
S17   0.27360   0.75000   0.06450   1.00000   0.01300
S18   0.27200   0.25000   0.98620   1.00000   0.02300
S19   0.19240   0.75000   0.97340   1.00000 ?
S20   0.19560   0.25000   0.89450   1.00000 ?
S21   0.11380   0.75000   0.89230   1.00000   0.01400
S22   0.09880   0.25000   0.81730   1.00000   0.02000
S23   0.01920   0.75000   0.81940   1.00000   0.00200
S24   0.98330   0.75000   0.26010   1.00000   0.02000
S25   0.03980   0.75000   0.93000   0.57000   0.02400
Se25   0.03980   0.75000   0.93000   0.43000   0.02400
S26   0.03590   0.75000   0.03380   1.00000   0.02000
S27   0.02910   0.75000   0.13360   0.86000   0.01400
Se27   0.02910   0.75000   0.13360   0.14000   0.01400
S28   0.11930   0.25000   0.00290   0.69000   0.02000
Se28   0.11930   0.25000   0.00290   0.31000   0.02000
S29   0.11260   0.25000   0.10140   1.00000   0.00800
S30   0.09650   0.25000   0.20160   0.62000   0.02200
Se30   0.09650   0.25000   0.20160   0.38000   0.02200
S31   0.18760   0.75000   0.07420   0.77000   0.02700
Se31   0.18760   0.75000   0.07420   0.23000   0.02700
S32   0.17930   0.75000   0.17650   1.00000   0.01300
S33   0.16680   0.75000   0.27450   0.90000   0.01600
Se33   0.16680   0.75000   0.27450   0.10000   0.01600
S34   0.26240   0.25000   0.15230   1.00000   0.01200
S35   0.24790   0.25000   0.24970   1.00000   0.00500
S36   0.23670   0.25000   0.35120   0.73000   0.02300
Se36   0.23670   0.25000   0.35120   0.27000   0.02300
S37   0.33030   0.75000   0.22510   0.67000   0.02500
Se37   0.33030   0.75000   0.22510   0.33000   0.02500
S38   0.31600   0.75000   0.32390   1.00000   0.00800
S39   0.30850   0.75000   0.42460   0.76000   0.02500
Se39   0.30850   0.75000   0.42460   0.24000   0.02500
S40   0.39710   0.25000   0.29460   1.00000   0.00100
S41   0.38930   0.25000   0.39460   0.89000   0.02100
Se41   0.38930   0.25000   0.39460   0.11000   0.02100
S42   0.38580   0.25000   0.49760   1.00000   0.00600
S43   0.47190   0.75000   0.36370   0.44000   0.03100
Se43   0.47190   0.75000   0.36370   0.56000   0.03100
S44   0.46060   0.75000   0.46650   1.00000   0.00700
S45   0.45460   0.75000   0.56450   1.00000   0.01500
S46   0.45460   0.25000   0.06220   1.00000   0.00300
S47   0.46370   0.25000   0.96390   1.00000   0.02200
S48   0.47720   0.25000   0.86280   1.00000   0.02300
S49   0.38590   0.75000   0.99040   1.00000   0.00900
S50   0.39600   0.75000   0.88910   1.00000   0.03100
S51   0.40010   0.75000   0.78770   1.00000   0.00900
S52   0.31340   0.25000   0.91890   0.82000   0.01200
Se52   0.31340   0.25000   0.91890   0.18000   0.01200
S53   0.32380   0.25000   0.82010   1.00000   0.02900
S54   0.33070   0.25000   0.71930   1.00000   0.00700
S55   0.24440   0.75000   0.84780   1.00000   0.00400
S56   0.24810   0.75000   0.74610   1.00000   0.01900
S57   0.25540   0.75000   0.64490   1.00000   0.00400
S58   0.17280   0.25000   0.78440   1.00000   0.03100
S59   0.17700   0.25000   0.67950   1.00000   0.02600
S60   0.18200   0.25000   0.58020   0.78000   0.03400
Se60   0.18200   0.25000   0.58020   0.22000   0.03400
S61   0.09280   0.75000   0.71010   0.89000   0.01500
Se61   0.09280   0.75000   0.71010   0.11000   0.01500
S62   0.10580   0.75000   0.61070   1.00000   0.04100
S63   0.11570   0.75000   0.51570   1.00000   0.01500
S64   0.02710   0.25000   0.64020   1.00000   0.03500
S65   0.03150   0.25000   0.53940   1.00000   0.05700
S66   0.04850   0.25000   0.44010   1.00000   0.02600
loop_
_atom_site_aniso_label
_atom_site_aniso_U_11
_atom_site_aniso_U_22
_atom_site_aniso_U_33
_atom_site_aniso_U_12
_atom_site_aniso_U_13
_atom_site_aniso_U_23
PbMe1 0.01800 0.02000 0.02700 0.00000 -0.00200 0.00000
PbMe2 0.04200 0.02000 0.01600 0.00000 -0.00100 0.00000
BiMe3 0.02100 0.01700 0.02000 0.00000 0.00100 0.00000
BiMe4 0.02400 0.02700 0.00800 0.00000 0.00100 0.00000
PbMe5 0.03300 0.02900 0.02400 0.00000 0.01000 0.00000
PbMe6 0.02500 0.03200 0.03500 0.00000 0.01200 0.00000
BiMe7 0.01700 0.02700 0.03000 0.00000 0.00500 0.00000
PbMe8 0.03100 0.02800 0.03400 0.00000 0.00400 0.00000
PbMe9 0.04600 0.03400 0.01900 0.00000 0.00200 0.00000
BiMe10 0.04700 0.02300 0.01900 0.00000 0.00400 0.00000
PbMe11 0.04300 0.03100 0.02600 0.00000 -0.00200 0.00000
BiMe11 0.04300 0.03100 0.02600 0.00000 -0.00200 0.00000
PbMe12 0.02600 0.02700 0.01800 0.00000 -0.01100 0.00000
PbMe13 0.02700 0.02500 0.03300 0.00000 -0.01100 0.00000
BiMe13 0.02700 0.02500 0.03300 0.00000 -0.01100 0.00000
BiMe14 0.02300 0.01800 0.02600 0.00000 0.00700 0.00000
PbMe15 0.01600 0.02400 0.03700 0.00000 0.00200 0.00000
PbMe16 0.03100 0.01700 0.03100 0.00000 0.00400 0.00000
BiMe17 0.01700 0.01300 0.03000 0.00000 0.00300 0.00000
BiMe18 0.03000 0.01100 0.03700 0.00000 0.00200 0.00000
PbMe19 0.03700 0.01900 0.03100 0.00000 0.01400 0.00000
PbMe20 0.01500 0.01300 0.03300 0.00000 -0.00100 0.00000
BiMe21 0.02000 0.01000 0.02700 0.00000 0.00500 0.00000
PbMe22 0.02800 0.01600 0.03500 0.00000 0.00100 0.00000
PbMe23 0.03200 0.01700 0.01500 0.00000 -0.01000 0.00000
BiMe24 0.02000 0.01900 0.01800 0.00000 -0.00200 0.00000
PbMe25 0.01100 0.00600 0.02100 0.00000 -0.00700 0.00000
BiMe26 0.01000 0.01200 0.01500 0.00000 -0.00700 0.00000
BiMe27 0.01300 0.00600 0.01800 0.00000 -0.00800 0.00000
PbMe28 0.01600 0.00700 0.02500 0.00000 -0.01100 0.00000
BiMe28 0.01600 0.00700 0.02500 0.00000 -0.01100 0.00000
PbMe29 0.01600 0.00800 0.01900 0.00000 -0.00100 0.00000
BiMe29 0.01600 0.00800 0.01900 0.00000 -0.00100 0.00000
PbMe30 0.01600 0.01100 0.02900 0.00000 -0.00400 0.00000
BiMe30 0.01600 0.01100 0.02900 0.00000 -0.00400 0.00000
PbMe31 0.02100 0.00800 0.01600 0.00000 -0.00200 0.00000
BiMe31 0.02100 0.00800 0.01600 0.00000 -0.00200 0.00000
PbMe32 0.01200 0.01600 0.01800 0.00000 -0.00400 0.00000
BiMe33 0.01100 0.01100 0.02400 0.00000 -0.00500 0.00000
PbMe34 0.00500 0.01900 0.01300 0.00000 -0.00800 0.00000
BiMe34 0.00500 0.01900 0.01300 0.00000 -0.00800 0.00000
PbMe35 0.00900 0.01900 0.01500 0.00000 -0.00600 0.00000
PbMe36 0.01900 0.02200 0.00500 0.00000 0.00200 0.00000
BiMe36 0.01900 0.02200 0.00500 0.00000 0.00200 0.00000
PbMe37 0.01500 0.01600 0.02100 0.00000 -0.00700 0.00000
BiMe38 0.01300 0.02800 0.00600 0.00000 -0.00600 0.00000
BiMe39 0.02200 0.01500 0.02200 0.00000 0.00600 0.00000
BiMe40 0.02900 0.01500 0.02500 0.00000 0.00100 0.00000
PbMe41 0.02500 0.01700 0.02400 0.00000 0.00800 0.00000
BiMe41 0.02500 0.01700 0.02400 0.00000 0.00800 0.00000
PbMe42 0.02400 0.01800 0.02600 0.00000 -0.00100 0.00000
BiMe42 0.02400 0.01800 0.02600 0.00000 -0.00100 0.00000
PbMe43 0.02500 0.01900 0.01500 0.00000 0.00900 0.00000
BiMe43 0.02500 0.01900 0.01500 0.00000 0.00900 0.00000
BiMe44 0.02700 0.01600 0.02400 0.00000 0.00900 0.00000
BiMe45 0.02000 0.01900 0.02700 0.00000 0.00500 0.00000
PbMe46 0.03200 0.02800 0.01400 0.00000 0.00700 0.00000
BiMe46 0.03200 0.02800 0.01400 0.00000 0.00700 0.00000
PbMe47 0.02400 0.02800 0.03100 0.00000 0.00100 0.00000
BiMe48 0.02500 0.03100 0.02700 0.00000 0.00600 0.00000
BiMe49 0.03100 0.02800 0.03700 0.00000 0.01600 0.00000
BiMe50 0.02600 0.03800 0.01300 0.00000 0.01300 0.00000
PbMe51 0.03000 0.03900 0.02700 0.00000 0.00900 0.00000
BiMe52 0.03300 0.04200 0.02400 0.00000 0.01200 0.00000

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
3.82 Å	(100)
3.01 Å	(60)
2.68 Å	(60)
2.87 Å	(50)
2.22 Å	(50)
2.03 Å	(50)
1.910 Å	(40)

Comments:

some preferred orientation occured

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust	>4.50
11 : Volcanic fumarole minerals; reduced phases (see also #45)
Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere	>4.45
12 : Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits (see also #33)
High-? alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event	<2.4
45a : [Sulfates, arsenates, selenates, antimonates]

Geological Setting:

Fumaroles; sulfide veinlets in greisen (Shumilovsk); common associated minerals concern the latter

Type Occurrence of CannizzariteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ La Fossa crater, Vulcano Island, Lipari, Eolie Islands (Aeolian Islands), Metropolitan City of Messina, Sicily, Italy

General Appearance of Type Material:

Very thin single laths, up to 2 mm, often warped but also found straight; may have frayed ends; also as felted masses and stellate groups.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

University of Florence, Florence, Italy, 14398/G.
Natural History Museum, catalogue no. 128.28.
National School of Mines, Paris, France.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Deep fumarolic activity.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Barberiite	Bismuthinite	Galena	Galenobismutite	Kirkiite
Lillianite	Mozgovaite	Native Gold	Native Tellurium

Other Language Names for CannizzariteHide

Dutch:Cannizzariet

German:Cannizzarit

Simplified Chinese:卡辉铋铅矿

Spanish:Cannizzarita

Varieties of CannizzariteHide

Cuprocannizzarite

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

7 photos of Cannizzarite associated with Tetrahedrite Subgroup	Cu₆(Cu₄C²⁺₂)Sb₄S₁₂S
6 photos of Cannizzarite associated with Siderite	FeCO₃
4 photos of Cannizzarite associated with Challacolloite	KPb₂Cl₅
4 photos of Cannizzarite associated with Sphalerite	ZnS
3 photos of Cannizzarite associated with Wittite	Pb₉Bi₁₂(S,Se)₂₇
3 photos of Cannizzarite associated with Pseudocotunnite	K₂PbCl₄
3 photos of Cannizzarite associated with 'Adularia'	KAlSi₃O₈
3 photos of Cannizzarite associated with Bournonite	PbCuSbS₃
2 photos of Cannizzarite associated with Mozgovaite	PbBi₄S₇
2 photos of Cannizzarite associated with Cosalite	Pb₂Bi₂S₅

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

2.JB.	Clino-oscarkempffite	Ag₁₅Pb₆Sb₂₁Bi₁₈S₇₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.	Arsenquatrandorite	Ag_17.6Pb_12.8Sb_38.1As_11.5S₉₆	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.	Ginelfite	Ag₂(Ag_0.5Fe)TlPb_23.5(Sb,As)_33.5S₇₆	Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.	Andreadiniite	CuHgAg₇Pb₇Sb₂₄S₄₈	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.	Chukotkaite	AgPb₇Sb₅S₁₅	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.	Selenojunoite	Cu₂Pb₃Bi₈Se₁₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.	Lechnerite	Ag₁₀Cu₄HgPb₃₃Sb₅₈S₁₂₈	Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.	Cuprosenandorite	Ag₁₆Cu₈Pb₂₄Sb₇₂S₁₄₄	Orth. mm2 : Pna2₁
2.JB.	Morleyite	Ag₂CuPb₂₅Sb₂₄As₄S_68.5	Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.	Lazerckerite	Ag_3.75Pb_4.50(Sb_7.75Bi₄)S₂₄	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.	Lasmanisite	Ag₁₂Pb₁₃Mn₁₁Sb₄₄S₉₆	Orth. 222 : P2₁2₁2₁
2.JB.	Montpelvouxite	AgPb₁₆Sb₂₇As₁₈S₈₄	Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.	Senandorite	AgPbSb₃S₆	Orth. mm2 : Pmn2₁
2.JB.	Oscarkempffite	Ag₁₀Pb₄(Sb₁₇Bi₉)S₄₈	Orth. mm2
2.JB.05	Diaphorite	Ag₃Pb₂Sb₃S₈	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.10	Cosalite	Pb₂Bi₂S₅	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.JB.15	Marrite	AgPbAsS₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.15	Freieslebenite	AgPbSbS₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.20	Wittite	Pb₉Bi₁₂(S,Se)₂₇	Mon.
2.JB.25j	Rouxelite	Cu₂HgPb₂₃Sb₂₇S_65.5	Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.25i	Neyite	Ag₂Cu₆Pb₂₅Bi₂₆S₆₈	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.25a	Junoite	Cu₂Pb₃Bi₈(S,Se)₁₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.25f	Ángelaite	Cu₂AgPbBiS₄	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
2.JB.25e	Galenobismutite	PbBi₂S₄	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.JB.25c	Nordströmite	CuPb₃Bi₇(Se₄S₁₀)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.JB.25i	Cuproneyite	Cu₇Pb₂₇Bi₂₅S₆₈	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.25g	Nuffieldite	Cu_1.4Pb_2.4Bi_2.4Sb_0.2S₇	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.JB.25h	Weibullite	Pb₅Bi₈Se₇S₁₁	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
2.JB.25d	Proudite	CuPb_7.5Bi_9.33(S,Se)₂₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.25b	Felbertalite	Cu₂Pb₆Bi₈S₁₉	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.30a	Jordanite	Pb₁₄As₆S₂₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.JB.30a	Geocronite	Pb₁₄Sb₆S₂₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.JB.30a	Arsenmarcobaldiite	Pb₁₂(As_3.2Sb_2.8)_Σ6S₂₁	Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.30b	Kirkiite	Pb₁₀Bi₃As₃S₁₉	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.JB.30c	Tsugaruite	Pb₂₈As₁₅S₅₀Cl	Orth. mm2 : Pnn2
2.JB.30a	Marcobaldiite	Pb₁₂(Sb₃As₂Bi)_Σ6S₂₁	Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.35d	Pellouxite	(Cu,Ag)Pb₁₀Sb₁₂S₂₇O(Cl,S)_0.6	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.35e	Chovanite	Pb_15-2xSb_14+2xS₃₆O_x (x ~ 0.2)	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.35a	Zinkenite	Pb₉Sb₂₂S₄₂	Hex. 6 : P6₃
2.JB.35c	Pillaite	Pb₉Sb₁₀S₂₃ClO_0.5	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.35b	Scainiite	Pb₁₄Sb₃₀S₅₄O₅	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.35f	Tubulite	Ag₂Pb₂₂Sb₂₀S₅₃	Mon. m : Pb
2.JB.40a	Fizélyite	Ag₅Pb₁₄Sb₂₁S₄₈	Mon. 2/m
2.JB.40a	Ramdohrite	Pb_5.9Fe_0.1Mn_0.1In_0.1Cd_0.2Ag_2.8Sb_10.8S₂₄	Mon. 2/m
2.JB.40e	Ustarasite	Pb(Bi,Sb)₆S₁₀ (?)
2.JB.40a	'Bursaite'	Pb₅Bi₄S₁₁ (?)	Orth.
2.JB.40	'UM1988-05-S:AgBiCuHgPb'	(Hg,Ag,Cu,Pb)₅Pb₅Bi₁₁S₂₇
2.JB.40	'UM1988-06-S:AgBiCuHgPb'	(Pb,Hg)₁₂(Cu,Ag)₃(Bi,Sb)₁₀(S,Te)₂₇
2.JB.40a	Terrywallaceite	AgPb(Sb,Bi)₃S₆	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.40a	Jasrouxite	Ag₁₆Pb₄(Sb₂₅As₁₅)S₇₂	Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.40a	Tarutinoite	Ag₃Pb₇Bi₇S₁₉	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.40a	Oyonite	Ag₃Mn₂Pb₄Sb₇As₄S₂₄	Mon. 2/m
2.JB.40b	Heyrovskýite	Pb₆Bi₂S₉	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cccm
2.JB.40a	Quatrandorite	AgPbSb₃S₆	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.40a	Erzwiesite	Ag₈Pb₁₂Bi₁₆S₄₀	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
2.JB.40a	Vikingite	Ag₅Pb₈Bi₁₃S₃₀	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.40a	Lillianite	Pb_3-2xAg_xBi_2+xS₆	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.JB.40b	Baiamareite	Ag₄Pb₁₂Fe₄Sb₂₀S₄₈	Mon. 2/m
2.JB.40a	Staročeskéite	Ag_0.70Pb_1.60(Bi_1.35Sb_1.35)_Σ2.70S₆	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
2.JB.40a	Roshchinite	Ag₁₉Pb₁₀Sb₅₁S₉₆	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
2.JB.40b	Aschamalmite	Pb_6-3xBi_2+xS₉	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.40b	Eskimoite	Ag₇Pb₁₀Bi₁₅S₃₆	Mon.
2.JB.40a	Menchettiite	AgPb_2.40Mn_1.60Sb₃As₂S₁₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.40a	Holubite	Ag₃Pb₆(Sb₈Bi₃)S₂₄	Mon. 2/m
2.JB.40a	Brusnitsynite	Mn₃CuPbAs₃Sb₂S₁₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.40a	Treasurite	Ag₇Pb₆Bi₁₅S₃₂	Mon.
2.JB.40c	Ourayite	Ag₃Pb₄Bi₅S₁₃	Orth.
2.JB.40a	Uchucchacuaite	AgMnPb₃Sb₅S₁₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pmmm
2.JB.40d	'Schirmerite'	PbAgBi₃S₆ - Pb₃Ag_1.5Bi_3.5S₉	Orth.
2.JB.40a	Xilingolite	Pb₃Bi₂S₆	Mon.
2.JB.40a	Gustavite	AgPbBi₃S₆	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.JB.55	Gratonite	Pb₉As₄S₁₅	Trig. 3m : R3m
2.JB.60	Marrucciite	Hg₃Pb₁₆Sb₁₈S₄₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.65	Vurroite	Pb₂₀Sn₂(Bi,As)₂₂S₅₄Cl₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.JB.65	Tazieffite	Pb₂₀Cd₂(As,Bi)₂₂S₅₀Cl₁₀	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.JB.70	Daliranite	PbHgAs₂S₅	Mon.

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for CannizzariteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-883.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

References for CannizzariteHide

Reference List:

Zambonini, F., de Fiore, O., Carobbi, G. (1924) Su un solfobismutito di piombo di Vulcano (Isole Eolie). Annali dell'Osservatorio Vesuviano: 1: 31-36.

Zambonini, F., de Fiore, O., Carobbi, G. (1925) Su un sulfobismutito di piombo di Vulcano (Isole Eolie). Rendiconto dell'Accademia delle Scienze Fisiche e Matematiche (sezione della Societa reale di Napoli): 31: 24-29.

Foshag, W.F. (1926) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 11: 194-194.

Wolfe, C. W. (1938) Cannizzarite and bismuthinite from Vulcano. American Mineralogist, 23 (11) 790-798

Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1944) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 1 - Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, New York.

Graham, A. R., Thompson, R. M., Berry, L. G. (1953) Studies of mineral sulpho-salts: XVII--Cannizzarite. American Mineralogist, 38 (5-6) 536-544

Ramdohr, Paul (1969) The Ore Minerals and their Intergrowths. Pergamon Press, Oxford. 1174pp. doi:10.1016/c2013-0-10027-x

Matzat, E. (1979) Cannizzarite. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry, 35 (1) 133-136 doi:10.1107/s0567740879002715

Fleischer, Michael, Chao, George Y., Pabst, and Adolf (1979) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 64 (1-2) 241-245

Mozgova, N.N., Kuzmina, O.V., Organova, N.I., Laputina, I.P., Borodaev, Y.S., Fornaseri, M. (1985) New data on sulphosalt assemblages at Vulcano (Italy). Rendiconti della Società Italiana di Mineralogia e Petrologia: 40: 277-283.

Hawthorne, F.C., Bladh, K.W., Burke, E.A.J, Grew, E.S., Langley, R.H., Puciewicz, J., Roberts, A.C., Schedler, R.A., Shigley, J.E., Vanko, D.A. (1987) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 72: 222-230.

Mozgova, N.N., Organova, N.I., Borodaev, Yu.S., Ryabeva, E.G., Sivtsov, A.V., Getmanskaya, T.I., Kuzmina, O.V. (1988) New data on cannizzarite and bursaite. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen: 158: 293-309.

Jambor, John L., Burke, Ernst A. J. (1989) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 74 (11-12) 1399-1404

Borodaev, Y. S., Garavelli, A., Garbarino, C., Grillo, S. M., Mozgova, N. N., Organova, N. I., Trubkin, N. V., Vurro, F. (2000) Rare sulfosalts from Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy. III. Wittite and cannizzarite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 38 (1) 23-34 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.38.1.23

(2005) Cannizzarite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Topa, D.; Makovicky, E.; Dittrich, H. (2010) The crystal structure of 7H : 12Q cannizzarite from Vulcano, Italy. The Canadian Mineralogist, 48 (3). 483-495 doi:10.3749/canmin.48.3.483

Borisov, S. V., Pervukhina, N. V., Magarill, S. A., Kuratieva, N. V., Bryzgalov, I. A., Mozgova, N. N., Chaplygin, I. V. (2012) The crystal structure of (Cd,In)-rich cannizzarite from Kudriavy Volcano, Iturup Island, Kuriles, Russia. The Canadian Mineralogist, 50 (2). 387-395 doi:10.3749/canmin.50.2.387

Ohta, Michihiro, Chung, Duck Young, Kunii, Masaru, Kanatzidis, Mercouri G. (2014) Low lattice thermal conductivity in Pb₅Bi₆Se₁₄, Pb₃Bi₂S₆, and PbBi₂S₄: promising thermoelectric materials in the cannizzarite, lillianite, and galenobismuthite [sic] homologous series. J. Mater. Chem. A, 2 (47). 20048-20058 doi:10.1039/c4ta05135a

Anthony, John W., Bideaux, Richard A., Bladh, Kenneth W., Nichols, Monte C. - Eds. (2016) Handbook of Mineralogy. https://www.handbookofmineralogy.org/

Dasgupta, Arindam; Yang, Xiaodong; Gao, Jie (2022) Natural 2D layered mineral cannizzarite with anisotropic optical responses. Scientific Reports, 12 (1). 10006 doi:10.1038/s41598-022-14046-8

Localities for CannizzariteHide

Showing 53 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Austria
Salzburg Zell am See District Krimml Rainbach valley ⓘ Roßkar - Nördliche Zillerscharte area	Steiner et al. (2020)
Mittersill Mittersill Scheelite deposit ⓘ Western ore field	Topa et al. (2001)

China
Hainan Ledong Co. ⓘ Baolun Au Mine	Bin Shu et al. (2006)
Inner Mongolia Chifeng City (Ulanhad League; Chifeng Prefecture) Bairin Left Banner (Balin Zuoqi) ⓘ Baiyinnuo'er Pb-Zn-polymetallic deposit	Dequan Zhang et al. (1991)
Jiangxi Ganzhou Anyuan Co. ⓘ Pangushan Mine	Yingchen Ren (1998) +2 other references

France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Isère Grenoble Susville ⓘ Villaret pit	BRGM (1981)
Grand Est Haut-Rhin Thann-Guebwiller Kruth ⓘ Fanny mine (Kruth 1)	Boisson et al. (2025)
Nouvelle-Aquitaine Haute-Vienne Limoges Saint-Yrieix-la-Perche ⓘ Lauriéras ?	Queneau (n.d.)

Hungary
Pest County Szob District ⓘ Nagybörzsöny	Zajzon N et al. (2014)
ⓘ Alsó-Rózsa adit	Szakáll et al. (2012)

Italy
Piedmont Metropolitan City of Turin ⓘ Luserna Stone Quarries	Finello et al. (2007)
Sicily Metropolitan City of Messina Eolie Islands (Aeolian Islands) Lipari Vulcano Island ⓘ La Fossa crater (TL)	31-36. +1 other reference
Tuscany Livorno Province Campiglia Marittima ⓘ Botro ai Marmi	Biagioni et al. (2013)
Campo nell'Elba San Piero in Campo ⓘ Beneforti Quarries	Orlandi P. & Pezzotta (1996)
Capoliveri ⓘ Ginevro Mine	Rögner et al. (2000)
Massa-Carrara Province Carrara Miseglia quarrying basin (Miseglia-Fantiscritti quarrying basin; Fantiscritti quarrying basin) ⓘ Val Bona Quarry (Valbona Quarry)	Biagioni et al. (2019)
Torano quarrying basin ⓘ Val Pulita Quarry (Valpulita Quarry)	Biagioni et al. (2019)

Japan
Niigata Prefecture Uetsu ⓘ Daitoku	Izumino et al. (2015)
ⓘ Juseki	Izumino et al. (2015)
ⓘ Shintoku	Izumino et al. (2015)
Yamagata Prefecture ⓘ Ohari mine (Obari mine)	IZUMINO et al. (2014)
Yamaguchi Prefecture Hagi City Asahi-son ⓘ Sazanami mine	Nakashima (1981)
ⓘ Hobenzan granitic complex	Mineralogical Society of America - ...

Kazakhstan
Akmola Region Bulandy District ⓘ Raigorodok deposit	Kovalev et al. (2018)

Kosovo
Mitrovica District Mitrovica Trepça complex ⓘ Trepça Mine	Kołodziejczyk et al. (2015)
Pristina District Graçanica Gračanica (Graçanicë) ⓘ Kizhnica hornfels	Mederski et al. (2021)

Norway
Nordland Sørfold ⓘ Tennvatn pegmatite	Husdal (2019)

Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Karkonosze County Szklarska Poręba ⓘ Szklarska Poręba Huta granite quarry	Mochnacka et al. (2015) +2 other references

Portugal
Viseu Penedono U.F. Penedono e Granja ⓘ Santo António Mine	Neiva et al. (2019)

Romania
Bihor County Nucet ⓘ Băiţa mining district	www.minerals-of-the carpathians.eu (2009)

Russia
Kamchatka Krai Yelizovsky District Mutnovskoe ⓘ Mutnovsky volcano	American Mineralogist +1 other reference
Primorsky Krai Dalnerechensky District Malinovsky cluster ⓘ Namovskoe deposit	Grebennikova et al. (2023) +1 other reference
Kavalerovsky District ⓘ Vysokogorskoe Sn deposit (Vysokogorsky)	Mineralogical Society of America - ...
Sakhalin Oblast Kuril Islands Kurilsky District Iturup Island ⓘ Kudriavy volcano	Curator +4 other references
Zabaykalsky Krai Krasnochikoysky District ⓘ Shumilovskoye W deposit	Mineralogical Society of America - ...
Petrovsk-Zabaykalsky District ⓘ Bom-Gorkhon Mine	Eremin et al. (2014)

Serbia
ⓘ Boranja orefield	Slobodan A. Radosavljević et al. (2013) +1 other reference
ⓘ Kram deposit	Radosavljevic-Mihajlovic et al. (2007)
ⓘ Mlakva deposit	Radosavljević-Mihajlović et al. (2017)

Sweden
Dalarna County Falun ⓘ Falun mine	Mumme (1980)

Switzerland
Grisons Surselva Region Medel (Lucmagn) Val Medel ⓘ Medel Valley - Cristallina Valley water tunnel	Stalder et al. (1998)
ⓘ Sta. Maria	Nowacki et al. (1969) +1 other reference
Ticino Leventina Bedretto Ronco ⓘ Ronco tunnel (Bedretto window; Ronco window) [south section]	Kipfer et al. (1979) +1 other reference
Uri Reuss Valley Rien Valley ⓘ Gross Schijen north slope	Stalder et al. (1998)
Valais Martigny Mont Chemin mining district ⓘ Martigny road tunnel	Graeser S. (2005)
Sierre Anniviers Ayer ⓘ Plantorin Mine (L'Omen Roso Mine)	Ansermet (2012)
Westlich Raron Ferden ⓘ ~~Goppenstein~~	Mineralogical Society of America - ... +1 other reference
Steg-Hohtenn Mittal ⓘ Mittal-Hohtenn railway tunnel	Schad (1989)
ⓘ Mittal-Hohtenn road tunnel	Schweizer strahler

USA
Arizona Graham County Aravaipa Mining District Aravaipa ⓘ Landsman Camp	Anthony et al. (1995)
New Mexico Doña Ana County Organ Mountains Organ Mining District ⓘ Merrimac Mine	Collection of the New Mexico Bureau of ...
Grant County Pinos Altos Mining District ⓘ Pinos Altos Mine	Northrop et al. (1996)

Uzbekistan
Sirdaryo ⓘ Koytash Mine	Ashirov et al. (2023)

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Cannizzarite

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