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Whitmoreite

A valid IMA mineral species
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04540040017778148239666.jpg
Whitmoreite

Hagendorf South Pegmatite, Hagendorf, Waidhaus, Neustadt an der Waldnaab District, Upper Palatinate, Bavaria, Germany
05686340017271927581552.jpg
Whitmoreite

Palermo No. 1 Mine, Groton, Grafton County, New Hampshire, USA
03495460017271927617517.jpg
Whitmoreite

Tip Top Mine, Fourmile, Custer Mining District, Custer County, South Dakota, USA
01347230017772177559922.jpg
Whitmoreite

Hagendorf South Pegmatite, Hagendorf, Waidhaus, Neustadt an der Waldnaab District, Upper Palatinate, Bavaria, Germany
03426800017866629406048.jpg
Whitmoreite

Palermo No. 1 Mine, Groton, Grafton County, New Hampshire, USA
03495460017271927617517.jpg
Whitmoreite

Tip Top Mine, Fourmile, Custer Mining District, Custer County, South Dakota, USA
04540040017778148239666.jpg
Whitmoreite

Hagendorf South Pegmatite, Hagendorf, Waidhaus, Neustadt an der Waldnaab District, Upper Palatinate, Bavaria, Germany
05686340017271927581552.jpg
Whitmoreite

Palermo No. 1 Mine, Groton, Grafton County, New Hampshire, USA
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About WhitmoreiteHide

02617780017271927737149.jpg
Bob Whitmore
Formula:
Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O
Colour:
Yellow-brown, green-brown
Lustre:
Sub-Adamantine, Vitreous
Hardness:
3
Specific Gravity:
2.87
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Arthurite Group
Name:
Named in 1974 by Paul Brian Moore, Anthony Robert Kampf, and A. J. Irving in honour of Robert Whitmore (October 20, 1936 - December 23, 2024), mineral collector of Weare, New Hampshire (USA) and owner of the Palermo Pegmatite localities in Groton.
Isostructural with:
Bendadaite
Arthurite Group. The phosphate analogue of Bendadaite. The mineral ranges from golden-yellow to dark red-brown. The mineral is mostly found as open crystal sprays, often with a central sphere-like nucleus and ordinarily lighter than the sprays.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
4281
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4281:5

IMA Classification of WhitmoreiteHide

Classification of WhitmoreiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):
8.DC.15

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
C : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 1:1 and < 2:1
Dana 8th ed.:
42.11.20.1

42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
11 : (AB)3(XO4)2Zq·xH2O
Hey's CIM Ref.:
19.13.6

19 : Phosphates
13 : Phosphates of Fe alone

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference for Standard
WhmIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
WhmWhitney & Evans (2010)Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371

Physical Properties of WhitmoreiteHide

Lustre:
Sub-Adamantine, Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Yellow-brown, green-brown
Hardness:
3 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Imperfect/Fair
Fair on {100}
Density:
2.87(1) g/cm3 (Measured)    2.85 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of WhitmoreiteHide

Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.670 - 1.676 nβ = 1.712 - 1.725 nγ = 1.745 - 1.850
2V:
Measured: 60° to 65°, Calculated: 62°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.075 - 0.174
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.

Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
weak
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X=Y= light greenish brown to yellow
Z= dark greenish brown to yellowish green

Chemistry of WhitmoreiteHide

Mindat Formula:
Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O
Element Weights:
Element% weight
O48.321 %
Fe36.142 %
P13.364 %
H2.174 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.
Elements listed:
Fe, H, O, P - search for minerals with similar chemistry
Common Impurities:
Mn

Crystallography of WhitmoreiteHide

Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Setting:
P21/c
Cell Parameters:
a = 10 Å, b = 9.73(2) Å, c = 5.471(8) Å
β = 93.8°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.028 : 1 : 0.562
Unit Cell V:
531.16 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Uncommon as pseudo-orthorhombic crystals, prismatic to acicular with chisel shape terminations. In fans, radiating sprays or balls. Observed forms include: a{100}, m{110}, s{011}, t{021}, and u{112}.
Twinning:
Common by reflection on {100}

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0000411WhitmoreiteMoore P B, Kampf A R, Irving A J (1974) Whitmoreite, FeFe2(OH)2(H2O)4[PO4]2, a new species: Its description and atomic arrangement American Mineralogist 59 900-90519740293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
10.05 Å(10)
7.01 Å(7)
4.98 Å(7)
4.21 Å(7)
2.802 Å(7)
4.42 Å(6)
3.476 Å(5)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks>3.0
34 : Complex granite pegmatites
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event<2.4
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals]
47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates]
47e : [Vanadates, chromates, manganates]
Geological Setting:
Secondary mineral in complex zoned granitic pegmatites.

Type Occurrence of WhitmoreiteHide

Type Locality:
ⓘ Palermo No. 1 Mine, Groton, Grafton County, New Hampshire, USA
General Appearance of Type Material:
Acicular crystals with a length to width ratio of 5 to 10, and a length of 0.1 to 2.0 mm. The crystals form fans and sprays. Occasionally as isolated individuals. Typically occurs as a small spheric core from which small, thin crystals radiate.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 128069.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Pegmatite. Hydrothermal alteration of triphylite.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
BerauniteLaueiteLudlamiteMitridatiteSiderite
StrunziteTriphyliteUshkovite
Reference:
Moore, Paul B., Kampf, Anthony R., Irving, Anthony J. (1974) Whitmoreite, Fe2+Fe3+2(OH)2(H2O)4[PO4]2, a new species: Its description and atomic arrangement. American Mineralogist, 59 (9-10) 900-905

Synonyms of WhitmoreiteHide

Other Language Names for WhitmoreiteHide

Relationship of Whitmoreite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Arthurite Group
Other Members of Arthurite Group:
ArthuriteCuFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
BendadaiteFe2+Fe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
CobaltarthuriteCoFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
EarlshannoniteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
KunatiteCuFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
OjuelaiteZnFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
'UKI-2006-(PO:AlCuFeH)'Fe2+Al3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O
'UM2006-27-PO:FeHZn'ZnFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon.

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:
20 photos of Whitmoreite associated with Rockbridgeite(Fe2+0.5Fe3+0.5)2Fe3+3(PO4)3(OH)5
16 photos of Whitmoreite associated with StrunziteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O
15 photos of Whitmoreite associated with MitridatiteCa2Fe3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O
11 photos of Whitmoreite associated with BerauniteFe3+6(PO4)4O(OH)4 · 6H2O
11 photos of Whitmoreite associated with SideriteFeCO3
10 photos of Whitmoreite associated with FerristrunziteFe3+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2O
9 photos of Whitmoreite associated with StewartiteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O
8 photos of Whitmoreite associated with QuartzSiO2
7 photos of Whitmoreite associated with LaueiteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O
7 photos of Whitmoreite associated with StrengiteFePO4 · 2H2O

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

8.DC.FerroberauniteFe2+Fe3+5(PO4)4(OH)5 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
8.DC.CésarferreiraiteFe2+ Fe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.FerrivauxiteFe3+Al2(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.IanbruceiteZn2(AsO4)(OH) · 3H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.05NissoniteCu2Mg2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 5H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
8.DC.07EuchroiteCu2(AsO4)(OH) · 3H2OOrth. 222 : P212121
8.DC.10LegranditeZn2(AsO4)(OH) · H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.12StrashimiriteCu8(AsO4)4(OH)4 · 5H2OMon.
8.DC.15EarlshannoniteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.15KunatiteCuFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.15'UM2006-27-PO:FeHZn'ZnFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon.
8.DC.15'UKI-2006-(PO:AlCuFeH)'Fe2+Al3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O
8.DC.15CobaltarthuriteCoFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.15ArthuriteCuFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.15OjuelaiteZnFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.15BendadaiteFe2+Fe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.17KleemaniteZnAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 3H2OMon.
8.DC.20MagnesiobermaniteMgMn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2 : P21
8.DC.20BermaniteMn2+Mn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DC.20CoralloiteMn2+Mn3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.22KovdorskiteMg2(PO4)(OH) · 3H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.25ZincostrunziteZnFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6.5H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.25MetavauxiteFe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.25MetavivianiteFe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.25FerristrunziteFe3+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2OTric.
8.DC.25StrunziteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.25FerrostrunziteFe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2OTric.
8.DC.27BerauniteFe3+6(PO4)4O(OH)4 · 6H2OMon. m : Bb
8.DC.27TvrdýiteFe2+Fe3+2Al3(PO4)4(OH)5(H2O)4 · 2H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
8.DC.27ZincoberauniteZnFe3+5(PO4)4(OH)5 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
8.DC.30MaghrebiteMgAl2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30FerrolaueiteFe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30UshkoviteMgFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30LaueiteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30ParavauxiteFe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30SigloiteFe3+Al2(PO4)2(OH)3 · 7H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30NordgauiteMnAl2(PO4)2(F,OH)2 · 5H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30Kayrobertsonite[MnAl2(PO4)2(OH)2(H2O)4] · 2H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30KummeriteMn2+Fe3+Al(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30MangangordoniteMn2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30StewartiteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30GordoniteMgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30Kastningite(Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30PseudolaueiteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.32KamarizaiteFe3+3(AsO4)2(OH)3 · 3H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.32TinticiteFe3+3(PO4)2(OH)3 · 3H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.35VauxiteFe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.37VantasseliteAl4(PO4)3(OH)3 · 9H2OOrth.
8.DC.40CacoxeniteFe3+24AlO6(PO4)17(OH)12 · 75H2OHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.DC.45SouzaliteMg3Al4(PO4)4(OH)6 · 2H2OTric. 1
8.DC.45Gormanite(Fe2+,Mg)3(Al,Fe3+)4(PO4)4(OH)6 · 2H2OTric.
8.DC.47KingiteAl3(PO4)2F2(OH) · 7H2OTric.
8.DC.50AllanpringiteFe3+3(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
8.DC.50FluorwavelliteAl3(PO4)2(OH)2F · 5H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
8.DC.50WavelliteAl3(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
8.DC.52KribergiteAl5(PO4)3(SO4)(OH)4 · 4H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.55MapimiteZn2Fe3+3(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 10H2OMon. m : Bm
8.DC.57OgdensburgiteCa2Fe3+4(Zn,Mn2+)(AsO4)4(OH)6 · 6H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmmm
8.DC.60CloncurryiteCu0.5(VO)0.5Al2(PO4)2F2 · 5H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.60Nevadaite(Cu2+,Al,V3+)6Al8(PO4)8F8(OH)2 · 22H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
8.DC.62KenngottiteMn2+3Fe3+4(PO4)4(OH)6(H2O)2 Mon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DC.67MolinelloiteCu(H2O)(OH)V4+O(V5+O4)Tric. 1 : P1
8.DC.70WhitecapsiteH16Fe2+5Fe3+14Sb3+6(AsO4)18O16 · 120H2OHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.DC.75HeimitePbCu2(AsO4)(OH)3 · 2H2OMon. 2/m
8.DC.80LedneviteCu[PO3(OH)] · H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b

Fluorescence of WhitmoreiteHide

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for WhitmoreiteHide

References for WhitmoreiteHide

Localities for WhitmoreiteHide

Showing 49 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
Hide all sections | Show all sections

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia
 
  • Victoria
    • East Gippsland Shire
      • Glen Valley
Birch (2018)
Eagle et al. (2015) +1 other reference
Eagle et al. (2015)
Ryan Eagle
Belgium
 
  • Wallonia
    • Hainaut
      • Bernissart
        • Blaton
Van Tassel R. (1981) +7 other references
Brazil
 
  • Minas Gerais
    • Galiléia
      • Sapucaia do Norte
Baijot et al. (2012)
Czech Republic
 
  • Karlovy Vary Region
    • Cheb District
      • Aš
Breiter K.
    • Sokolov District
      • Krásno
Sejkora et al. (2006)
  • Vysočina Region
    • Žďár nad Sázavou District
      • Bory
Staněk (1991) +4 other references
Staněk (1997)
France
 
  • Nouvelle-Aquitaine
    • Haute-Vienne
      • Bellac
        • Razès
          • Chanteloube
            • Vilatte Quarries (La Vilate)
Meisser et al. (2008) +1 other reference
  • Occitanie
    • Ariège
      • Foix
        • Le Bosc
Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. ...
Inventaire mineralogique de l'Ariege (Editions BRGM 1984)
Germany
 
  • Bavaria
    • Lower Bavaria
      • Regen District
        • Zwiesel
          • Rabenstein
Weiß (1990) +1 other reference
    • Upper Palatinate
      • Neustadt an der Waldnaab District
        • Pleystein
Dill et al. (2009)
Dill et al. (2012)
Dill et al. (2008) +1 other reference
        • Waidhaus
Dill et al. (2011)
web.archive.org (2001)
          • Reinhardsrieth
Dill et al. (2015)
Kastning et al. (1996) +2 other references
Italy
 
  • Lombardy
    • Lecco Province
      • Dorio
Vignola et al. (2011)
  • Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol
    • Trento Province
      • Rabbi
        • Ceresè
Vignola et al. (2018)
Poland
 
  • Lower Silesian Voivodeship
    • Dzierżoniów County
      • Gmina Niemcza
        • Gilów
Pieczka A. et al. (2004)
    • Świdnica County
      • Gmina Świdnica
Włodek et al. (2011)
        • Michałkowa pegmatites
Pieczka et al. (2015)
    • Wrocław County
      • Gmina Kobierzyce
Ł. Kruszewski PXRD & pXRF data (paper in preparation)
Portugal
 
  • Beja
    • Beja
      • Santa Vitória e Mombeja
Oliveira et al. (2025)
  • Guarda
    • Gouveia
      • Folgosinho
Sergio Varvello collection
    • Sabugal
      • Bendada
Schnorrer-Köhler et al. (1991)
Switzerland
 
  • Ticino
    • Locarno
      • Brissago
Stalder et al. (1998)
UK
 
  • England
    • Cornwall
      • Perranzabuloe
        • Perran Iron Lode (Great Perran Iron Lode)
Golley et al. (1995)
USA
 
  • Connecticut
    • Middlesex County
      • East Hampton
        • Cobalt
Rocks & Min.: 70:403 +1 other reference
  • Maine
    • Cumberland County
      • Baldwin
        • West Baldwin
Thompson et al. (2000)
    • Oxford County
      • Greenwood
        • Uncle Tom Mountain
      • Newry
King et al. (1994) +1 other reference
King et al. (1994) +1 other reference
      • Paris
  • New Hampshire
    • Cheshire County
      • Alstead
Smith (2005) +1 other reference
      • Walpole
P. Cristofono et al. (2011)
    • Grafton County
      • Alexandria
Wilken (2006)
Wilken (2006)
      • Groton
Moore et al. (1974) +1 other reference
Rocks & Min. +2 other references
      • Orange
Thompson et al. (2022)
  • North Carolina
    • Cleveland County
      • Kings Mountain
Jason Smith collection
  • South Dakota
    • Custer County
      • Custer Mining District
        • Fourmile
Anthony et al. (2016)
    • Pennington County
      • Keystone Mining District
        • Glendale
Anthony et al. (2016)
        • Keystone
Quick NavTopAbout WhitmoreiteUnique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesRelationshipsCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatFluorescence Other InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
 
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