Strashimirite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Strashimirite
Strashimir G. Dimitrov
Formula:
Cu8(AsO4)4(OH)4 · 5H2O
Colour:
White, pale green, yellow-green
Lustre:
Greasy, Pearly
Hardness:
2½ - 3
Specific Gravity:
3.67 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in honor of Strashimir Georgiev Dimitrov (Страшимир Георгиев Димитров) (22 August 1892, Sofia, Bulgaria - 26 April 1960, Sofia, Bulgaria), petrographer. He was Head of the Department of Mineralogy and Petrography and secretary of the Department of Geological, Geographical and Chemical Sciences at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.
An uncommon secondary Cu-arsenate. Fibrous varieties and crusts of parnauite can appear visually similar.
The crystal structure has been solved very recently (2015), leading to a revision of the formula, space group and unit cell (Kolitsch & Giester, to be published).
The crystal structure has been solved very recently (2015), leading to a revision of the formula, space group and unit cell (Kolitsch & Giester, to be published).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3799
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3799:6
IMA Classification of Strashimirite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Cu2+4(As5+O4)2(OH)2·2.5H2O
Approval year:
1967
First published:
1968
Classification of Strashimirite
8.DC.12
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
C : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 1:1 and < 2:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
C : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 1:1 and < 2:1
42.6.5.1
42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
6 : A2(XO4)Zq·xH2O
42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
6 : A2(XO4)Zq·xH2O
20.1.9
20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
1 : Arsenates of Cu
20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
1 : Arsenates of Cu
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Ssh | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Strashimirite
Greasy, Pearly
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
White, pale green, yellow-green
Hardness:
2½ - 3 on Mohs scale
Parting:
May exhibit parting ⊥ elongation.
Density:
3.67 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Strashimirite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.726 nγ = 1.747
2V:
Measured: 70°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.021
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
r > v strong
Optical Extinction:
Z ∧ elongation ≃ 5°.
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
Y = very pale yellowish green; Z = yellowish green.
Chemistry of Strashimirite
Mindat Formula:
Cu8(AsO4)4(OH)4 · 5H2O
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Zn
Crystallography of Strashimirite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.71 Å, b = 18.81 Å, c = 8.94 Å
β = 97.2°
β = 97.2°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.516 : 1 : 0.475
Unit Cell V:
1,619.97 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
3
Comment:
Space group is P2/m, Pm or P2
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 18.74 Å | (100) |
| 2.86 Å | (100) |
| 8.97 Å | (90) |
| 3.13 Å | (90) |
| 9.46 Å | (80) |
| 4.79 Å | (80) |
| 4.21 Å | (80) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates] | |
| Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
| 56 : Slag and smelter minerals (see also #51 and #55) |
Type Occurrence of Strashimirite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Fine platy to fibrous aggregates in spherulites up to 0.5 mm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Natural History Museum, Sofia, Bulgaria.
University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.
University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Oxidation zone of a copper deposit.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Strashimirite
Other Language Names for Strashimirite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 36 photos of Strashimirite associated with Clinoclase | Cu3(AsO4)(OH)3 |
| 32 photos of Strashimirite associated with Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| 28 photos of Strashimirite associated with Cornwallite | Cu5(AsO4)2(OH)4 |
| 23 photos of Strashimirite associated with Parnauite | Cu9(AsO4)2(SO4)(OH)10 · 7H2O |
| 22 photos of Strashimirite associated with Olivenite | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) |
| 13 photos of Strashimirite associated with Lavendulan | NaCaCu5(AsO4)4Cl · 5H2O |
| 10 photos of Strashimirite associated with Baryte | BaSO4 |
| 9 photos of Strashimirite associated with Cornubite | Cu5(AsO4)2(OH)4 |
| 8 photos of Strashimirite associated with Chalcophyllite | Cu18Al2(AsO4)4(SO4)3(OH)24 · 36H2O |
| 8 photos of Strashimirite associated with Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.DC. | Ferroberaunite | Fe2+Fe3+5(PO4)4(OH)5 · 6H2O |
| 8.DC. | Césarferreiraite | Fe2+ Fe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DC. | Ferrivauxite | Fe3+Al2(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2O |
| 8.DC. | Ianbruceite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) · 3H2O |
| 8.DC.05 | Nissonite | Cu2Mg2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 5H2O |
| 8.DC.07 | Euchroite | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) · 3H2O |
| 8.DC.10 | Legrandite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) · H2O |
| 8.DC.15 | Earlshannonite | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.DC.15 | Kunatite | CuFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.DC.15 | 'UM2006-27-PO:FeHZn' | ZnFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.DC.15 | 'UKI-2006-(PO:AlCuFeH)' | Fe2+Al3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.DC.15 | Cobaltarthurite | CoFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.DC.15 | Arthurite | CuFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.DC.15 | Ojuelaite | ZnFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.DC.15 | Whitmoreite | Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.DC.15 | Bendadaite | Fe2+Fe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.DC.17 | Kleemanite | ZnAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 3H2O |
| 8.DC.20 | Magnesiobermanite | MgMn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.DC.20 | Bermanite | Mn2+Mn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.DC.20 | Coralloite | Mn2+Mn3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.DC.22 | Kovdorskite | Mg2(PO4)(OH) · 3H2O |
| 8.DC.25 | Zincostrunzite | ZnFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6.5H2O |
| 8.DC.25 | Metavauxite | Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DC.25 | Metavivianite | Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| 8.DC.25 | Ferristrunzite | Fe3+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2O |
| 8.DC.25 | Strunzite | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| 8.DC.25 | Ferrostrunzite | Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| 8.DC.27 | Beraunite | Fe3+6(PO4)4O(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| 8.DC.27 | Tvrdýite | Fe2+Fe3+2Al3(PO4)4(OH)5(H2O)4 · 2H2O |
| 8.DC.27 | Zincoberaunite | ZnFe3+5(PO4)4(OH)5 · 6H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Maghrebite | MgAl2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Ferrolaueite | Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Ushkovite | MgFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Laueite | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Paravauxite | Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Sigloite | Fe3+Al2(PO4)2(OH)3 · 7H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Nordgauite | MnAl2(PO4)2(F,OH)2 · 5H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Kayrobertsonite | [MnAl2(PO4)2(OH)2(H2O)4] · 2H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Kummerite | Mn2+Fe3+Al(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Mangangordonite | Mn2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Stewartite | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Gordonite | MgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Kastningite | (Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Pseudolaueite | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DC.32 | Kamarizaite | Fe3+3(AsO4)2(OH)3 · 3H2O |
| 8.DC.32 | Tinticite | Fe3+3(PO4)2(OH)3 · 3H2O |
| 8.DC.35 | Vauxite | Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| 8.DC.37 | Vantasselite | Al4(PO4)3(OH)3 · 9H2O |
| 8.DC.40 | Cacoxenite | Fe3+24AlO6(PO4)17(OH)12 · 75H2O |
| 8.DC.45 | Souzalite | Mg3Al4(PO4)4(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| 8.DC.45 | Gormanite | (Fe2+,Mg)3(Al,Fe3+)4(PO4)4(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| 8.DC.47 | Kingite | Al3(PO4)2F2(OH) · 7H2O |
| 8.DC.50 | Allanpringite | Fe3+3(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2O |
| 8.DC.50 | Fluorwavellite | Al3(PO4)2(OH)2F · 5H2O |
| 8.DC.50 | Wavellite | Al3(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2O |
| 8.DC.52 | Kribergite | Al5(PO4)3(SO4)(OH)4 · 4H2O |
| 8.DC.55 | Mapimite | Zn2Fe3+3(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 10H2O |
| 8.DC.57 | Ogdensburgite | Ca2Fe3+4(Zn,Mn2+)(AsO4)4(OH)6 · 6H2O |
| 8.DC.60 | Cloncurryite | Cu0.5(VO)0.5Al2(PO4)2F2 · 5H2O |
| 8.DC.60 | Nevadaite | (Cu2+,Al,V3+)6Al8(PO4)8F8(OH)2 · 22H2O |
| 8.DC.62 | Kenngottite | Mn2+3Fe3+4(PO4)4(OH)6(H2O)2 |
| 8.DC.67 | Molinelloite | Cu(H2O)(OH)V4+O(V5+O4) |
| 8.DC.70 | Whitecapsite | H16Fe2+5Fe3+14Sb3+6(AsO4)18O16 · 120H2O |
| 8.DC.75 | Heimite | PbCu2(AsO4)(OH)3 · 2H2O |
| 8.DC.80 | Lednevite | Cu[PO3(OH)] · H2O |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Strashimirite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3799.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Strashimirite
Reference List:
Frost, Ray L., Sejkora, Jiří, Čejka, Jiří, Keeffe, Eloise C. (2009) Vibrational spectroscopic study of the arsenate mineral strashimirite Cu8(AsO4)4(OH)4·5H2O—Relationship to other basic copper arsenates. Vibrational Spectroscopy, 50 (2) 289-297 doi:10.1016/j.vibspec.2009.02.002
Frost, Ray L., Reddy, B. Jagannadha, Sejkora, Jiří, Čejka, Jiří, Keeffe, Eloise C. (2010) Characterisation of the Copper Arsenate Mineral Strashimirite, Cu8(AsO4)4(OH)4·4H2O, by near Infrared Spectroscopy. Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy, 18 (2) 157-165 doi:10.1255/jnirs.873
Localities for Strashimirite
Showing 136 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Austria | |
| Puttner (1996) |
| Kirchner et al. (2004) |
| R.Poeverlein (2016) | |
| R.Poeverlein (2016) |
| Kirchner et al. (2004) | |
| R.Poeverlein (2016) | |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| Fritz Schreiber collection +1 other reference | |
| Poeverlein (2008) | |
| R.Poeverlein (2016) |
| Auer (2022) |
| Schnorrer et al. (2002) |
| - (1994, July) |
| Poeverlein et al. (2010) |
| Poeverlein et al. (2010) | |
| 58. +1 other reference |
| Bauer (1997) |
| Arlt et al. (1994) | |
| - (1994, July) |
| - (n.d.) +1 other reference |
Belgium | |
| Jeroen Goedhart Collection |
Bulgaria (TL) | |
| ZVMO (1968) |
| Minceva-Stefanova (1998) |
Canada | |
| Reiner Mielke 2017 |
Chile | |
| Uwe Kolitsch |
Czech Republic | |
| Tvrdý et al. (2010) |
| Hloušek et al. (2002) | |
| Sejkora et al. (2010) |
| Hloušek et al. (2002) | |
| Sejkora et al. (2007) |
| Sejkora et al. (2015) |
Europe | |
| |
France | |
| Vernay (1997) |
| Favreau G. et al. (1996) |
| Wittern et al. (1997) |
| De Bondt (n.d.) |
| Wittern et al. (1997) | |
| Escande et al. (1973) +6 other references |
| Escande et al. (1973) +6 other references | |
| Patrice Queneau Collection visual identification. Confirmed. Analyzed by Nicolas Meisser (Naturéum) |
| Queneau (n.d.) | |
| Favreau et al. (2003) |
| van den Berg (1987) +1 other reference |
Germany | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Gröbner (2007) |
| |
| |
| Walenta (1989) +1 other reference | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) | |
| Belendorff et al. (1987) |
| Legner et al. (2022) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1991) | |
| Gröbner (2007) |
| Der Aufschluss 2000 (2) |
| ohannes Markus Henrich +2 other references |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1991) |
| Schnorrer et al. (1998) |
| www.mineralienfreunde-der-pfalz.de (2015) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Der Aufschluss Vol.55 |
| 58 (in German) +1 other reference |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Marcus Voigt Collection | |
Greece | |
| Rieck et al. (2018) |
| Möckel (2000) +1 other reference | |
| no description given yet] +1 other reference | |
Hungary | |
| Collector: Gábor Koller +1 other reference |
Ireland | |
| de Haller |
Italy | |
| Bortolozzi et al. (2015) +1 other reference |
| Balestra et al. (2009) |
| analysed by Dr. Anthony Kampf +1 other reference |
| Guastoni et al. (2006) +2 other references |
| Guastoni et al. (2006) +2 other references | |
| Fernando Caboni et al. (2024) |
| Fernando Caboni et al. (2024) | |
| Caboni et al. (2018) |
| Ferretti et al. (2017) |
| Erica Bittarello +3 other references |
| LIBVRNA N°2 September 2021 |
| Domenico Saccardo et al. (2019) +1 other reference |
Morocco | |
| Favreau et al. (2019) |
| Favreau et al. (2006) |
| Georges FAVREAU collection + EDS +1 other reference |
Poland | |
| Domańska (n.d.) +1 other reference |
Portugal | |
| Alves (n.d.) |
| Alves (n.d.) |
Russia | |
| Nenasheva et al. (2011) |
Slovakia | |
| Martin Števko |
| Kodě +2 other references | |
| Števko et al. (2016) |
| Števko et al. (2011) | |
| Martin Števko-unpublished |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
Spain | |
| Mineralogía de la concesión San Rafael |
| issuu.com (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| issuu.com (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Meisser (1999) +1 other reference |
| EDXS analyses | |
| Zanelli et al. (2026) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Cuchet et al. (2002) |
UK | |
| Bruce et al. (1998) |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
| Steve Rust collection |
| - (2006) |
| Hubbard et al. (2005) |
USA | |
| Kampf et al. (2018) |
| Jensen et al. (2012) |
| Thorne (n.d.) |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
| Wise (1978) +2 other references |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Thorne (n.d.) |
| Thorne (n.d.) | |
| Thorne (n.d.) | |
| Thorne (n.d.) | |
| Roberts et al. (1997) |
| Kokinos et al. (1993) |
| Kokinos et al. (1993) |
Quick NavTopAbout StrashimiriteUnique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography X-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Copper Stope, Majuba Hill Mine, Antelope Mining District, Pershing County, Nevada, USA