Legrandite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Legrandite
Louis C. A. Legrand
Formula:
Zn2(AsO4)(OH) · H2O
Colour:
Yellow to colourless; pale yellow to colourless in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy
Hardness:
4½
Specific Gravity:
3.98 - 4.01
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in 1932 by Julien Drugman and Max H. Hey in honour of Mr. Louis C.A. Legrand (30 July 1861, Liège, Belgium — 27 May 1920, Brussels, Belgium), a Belgian mining engineer and mineral collector who collected the first specimen.
A secondary mineral occurring in the oxidized zones of arsenic- and zinc-bearing deposits.
The structure of legrandite (and paradamite) is characterized by the occurrence of proton transfer tunnels along crystal axes. Stability of legrandite is due to variety of hydrogen bonds, of which there are three types (linear normal one, one-acceptor; two-acceptor, linear + one weak excess one; several-acceptor, one linear + several weak additional ones). Hydrogen in legrandite is distributed among 2 OH and 2 water positions.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Legrandite.
The structure of legrandite (and paradamite) is characterized by the occurrence of proton transfer tunnels along crystal axes. Stability of legrandite is due to variety of hydrogen bonds, of which there are three types (linear normal one, one-acceptor; two-acceptor, linear + one weak excess one; several-acceptor, one linear + several weak additional ones). Hydrogen in legrandite is distributed among 2 OH and 2 water positions.
Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Legrandite.Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2365
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2365:4
IMA Classification of Legrandite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Zn2+2As5+O4(OH)(H2O)
First published:
1932
Classification of Legrandite
8.DC.10
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
C : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 1:1 and < 2:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
C : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 1:1 and < 2:1
42.6.4.1
42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
6 : A2(XO4)Zq·xH2O
42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
6 : A2(XO4)Zq·xH2O
20.3.4
20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
3 : Arsenates of Zn, Cd or Hg
20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
3 : Arsenates of Zn, Cd or Hg
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Leg | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Pronunciation of Legrandite
Pronunciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Legrandite
Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Yellow to colourless; pale yellow to colourless in transmitted light.
Streak:
White
Hardness:
4½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Imperfect/Fair
Fair to poor on {100}
Fair to poor on {100}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
3.98 - 4.01 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.015 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Legrandite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.675 - 1.702 nβ = 1.69 - 1.709 nγ = 1.735 - 1.74
2V:
Measured: 50° , Calculated: 52° to 62°
Birefringence:
0.66
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.038 - 0.060
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
r < v strong
Optical Extinction:
X = b; Z ^ c = 40°
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X = Y = Colourless to yellow
Z = Yellow
Z = Yellow
Chemistry of Legrandite
Mindat Formula:
Zn2(AsO4)(OH) · H2O
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Legrandite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Setting:
P21/c
Cell Parameters:
a = 12.805(2) Å, b = 7.933(1) Å, c = 10.215(2) Å
β = 104.23°
β = 104.23°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.614 : 1 : 1.288
Unit Cell V:
1,005.82 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
8
Morphology:
Crystals prismatic elongated [001], exhibiting dominant {110}, striated parallel to {001} and {111}, {100}, and {001}. Commonly in sprays or sheaflike aggregates.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0020671 | Legrandite | Jinnouchi S, Yoshiasa A, Sugiyama K, Shimura R, Arima H, Momma H, Miyawaki R (2016) Crystal structure refinements of legrandite, adamite, and paradamite: The complex structure and characteristic hydrogen bonding network of legrandite Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences 111 35-43 | 2016 | Ojuela Mine, Mapimi, Durango, Mexico | 0 | 293 | |
| 0020158 | Legrandite | Hawthorne F C, Abdu Y A, Tait K T (2013) Hydrogen bonding in the crystal structure of legrandite: Zn2(AsO4)(OH)(H2O) The Canadian Mineralogist 51 233-241 | 2013 | Tsumeb mine, Namibia | 0 | 293 | |
| 0015593 | Legrandite | Pushcharovskii D Y, Pobedimskaya E A, Belov N V (1971) The crystal structure of legrandite Zn2[AsO4]OH*H2O Soviet Physics Doklady 16 419-421 | 1971 | Ojuela mine, Mexico | 0 | 293 | |
| 0000249 | Legrandite | McLean W J, Anthony J W, Finney J J, Laughon R B (1971) The crystal structure of legrandite American Mineralogist 56 1147-1154 |  | 1971 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Loading XRD data...
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 12.36 Å | (35) |
| 6.68 Å | (71) |
| 5.93 Å | (71) |
| 4.19 Å | (50) |
| 4.08 Å | (100) |
| 3.08 Å | (71) |
| 3.03 Å | (35) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates] | |
| Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
| 56 : Slag and smelter minerals (see also #51 and #55) |
Geological Setting:
Rare secondary mineral in Zn-As bearing deposits, granite pegmatites (rare).
Type Occurrence of Legrandite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Massive radiating-prismatic and rare freely developed crystals.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
1) The Natural History Museum, London, England, 1932,131.
2) Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 92567.
3) National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 114810.
2) Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 92567.
3) National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 114810.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Oxidized zone of an arsenic-bearing zinc deposit.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Other Language Names for Legrandite
Dutch:Legrandiet
German:Legrandit
Italian:Legrandite
Russian:Леграндит
Simplified Chinese:水羟砷锌石
Spanish:Legrandita
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 57 photos of Legrandite associated with Smithsonite | ZnCO3 |
| 32 photos of Legrandite associated with Adamite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) |
| 31 photos of Legrandite associated with 'Limonite' | |
| 27 photos of Legrandite associated with Paradamite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) |
| 16 photos of Legrandite associated with Köttigite | Zn3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| 7 photos of Legrandite associated with Willemite | Zn2SiO4 |
| 6 photos of Legrandite associated with Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| 6 photos of Legrandite associated with Reinerite | Zn3(AsO3)2 |
| 5 photos of Legrandite associated with Siderite | FeCO3 |
| 5 photos of Legrandite associated with Pharmacosiderite | KFe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 6-7H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.DC. | Ferroberaunite | Fe2+Fe3+5(PO4)4(OH)5 · 6H2O |
| 8.DC. | Césarferreiraite | Fe2+ Fe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DC. | Ferrivauxite | Fe3+Al2(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2O |
| 8.DC. | Ianbruceite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) · 3H2O |
| 8.DC.05 | Nissonite | Cu2Mg2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 5H2O |
| 8.DC.07 | Euchroite | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) · 3H2O |
| 8.DC.12 | Strashimirite | Cu8(AsO4)4(OH)4 · 5H2O |
| 8.DC.15 | Earlshannonite | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.DC.15 | Kunatite | CuFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.DC.15 | 'UM2006-27-PO:FeHZn' | ZnFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.DC.15 | 'UKI-2006-(PO:AlCuFeH)' | Fe2+Al3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.DC.15 | Cobaltarthurite | CoFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.DC.15 | Arthurite | CuFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.DC.15 | Ojuelaite | ZnFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.DC.15 | Whitmoreite | Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.DC.15 | Bendadaite | Fe2+Fe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.DC.17 | Kleemanite | ZnAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 3H2O |
| 8.DC.20 | Magnesiobermanite | MgMn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.DC.20 | Bermanite | Mn2+Mn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.DC.20 | Coralloite | Mn2+Mn3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.DC.22 | Kovdorskite | Mg2(PO4)(OH) · 3H2O |
| 8.DC.25 | Zincostrunzite | ZnFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6.5H2O |
| 8.DC.25 | Metavauxite | Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DC.25 | Metavivianite | Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| 8.DC.25 | Ferristrunzite | Fe3+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2O |
| 8.DC.25 | Strunzite | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| 8.DC.25 | Ferrostrunzite | Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| 8.DC.27 | Beraunite | Fe3+6(PO4)4O(OH)4 · 6H2O |
| 8.DC.27 | Tvrdýite | Fe2+Fe3+2Al3(PO4)4(OH)5(H2O)4 · 2H2O |
| 8.DC.27 | Zincoberaunite | ZnFe3+5(PO4)4(OH)5 · 6H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Maghrebite | MgAl2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Ferrolaueite | Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Ushkovite | MgFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Laueite | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Paravauxite | Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Sigloite | Fe3+Al2(PO4)2(OH)3 · 7H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Nordgauite | MnAl2(PO4)2(F,OH)2 · 5H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Kayrobertsonite | [MnAl2(PO4)2(OH)2(H2O)4] · 2H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Kummerite | Mn2+Fe3+Al(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Mangangordonite | Mn2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Stewartite | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Gordonite | MgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Kastningite | (Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DC.30 | Pseudolaueite | Mn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.DC.32 | Kamarizaite | Fe3+3(AsO4)2(OH)3 · 3H2O |
| 8.DC.32 | Tinticite | Fe3+3(PO4)2(OH)3 · 3H2O |
| 8.DC.35 | Vauxite | Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| 8.DC.37 | Vantasselite | Al4(PO4)3(OH)3 · 9H2O |
| 8.DC.40 | Cacoxenite | Fe3+24AlO6(PO4)17(OH)12 · 75H2O |
| 8.DC.45 | Souzalite | Mg3Al4(PO4)4(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| 8.DC.45 | Gormanite | (Fe2+,Mg)3(Al,Fe3+)4(PO4)4(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| 8.DC.47 | Kingite | Al3(PO4)2F2(OH) · 7H2O |
| 8.DC.50 | Allanpringite | Fe3+3(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2O |
| 8.DC.50 | Fluorwavellite | Al3(PO4)2(OH)2F · 5H2O |
| 8.DC.50 | Wavellite | Al3(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2O |
| 8.DC.52 | Kribergite | Al5(PO4)3(SO4)(OH)4 · 4H2O |
| 8.DC.55 | Mapimite | Zn2Fe3+3(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 10H2O |
| 8.DC.57 | Ogdensburgite | Ca2Fe3+4(Zn,Mn2+)(AsO4)4(OH)6 · 6H2O |
| 8.DC.60 | Cloncurryite | Cu0.5(VO)0.5Al2(PO4)2F2 · 5H2O |
| 8.DC.60 | Nevadaite | (Cu2+,Al,V3+)6Al8(PO4)8F8(OH)2 · 22H2O |
| 8.DC.62 | Kenngottite | Mn2+3Fe3+4(PO4)4(OH)6(H2O)2 |
| 8.DC.67 | Molinelloite | Cu(H2O)(OH)V4+O(V5+O4) |
| 8.DC.70 | Whitecapsite | H16Fe2+5Fe3+14Sb3+6(AsO4)18O16 · 120H2O |
| 8.DC.75 | Heimite | PbCu2(AsO4)(OH)3 · 2H2O |
| 8.DC.80 | Lednevite | Cu[PO3(OH)] · H2O |
Fluorescence of Legrandite
No fluorescent in UV
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Legrandite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2365.html
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References for Legrandite
Reference List:
Drugman, Julien, Hey, Max H. (1932) Legrandite, a new zinc arsenate. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 23 (138) 175-178 doi:10.1180/minmag.1932.023.138.03
Finney, J. J. (1963) The composition and space group of legrandite. American Mineralogist, 48 (11-12) 1255-1257
Desautels, Paul E., Clarke, Roy S. (1963) Re-examination of legrandite. American Mineralogist, 48 (11-12) 1258-1265
McLean, W. John, Anthony, John W., Finney, Joseph J., Laughon, and Robert B. (1971) The crystal structure of legrandite. American Mineralogist, 56 (5-6) 1147-1154
Sumin de Portilla, Valentina I. (1976) The nature of hydrogen bonds and water in legrandite by IR spectroscopy. American Mineralogist, 61 (1-2) 95-99
Kusachi, Isao, Henmi, Chiyoko, Kishi, Shigetomo (1986) Legrandite and koettigite from the Ogibira mine, Okayama, Japan. Mineralogical Journal, 13 (3) 141-150 doi:10.2465/minerj.13.141
Hawthorne, F. C., Abdu, Y. A., Tait, K. T. (2013) Hydrogen bonding in the crystal structure of legrandite: Zn2(AsO4)(OH)(H2O) The Canadian Mineralogist, 51 (2) 233-241 doi:10.3749/canmin.51.2.233
Jinnouchi, Satoshi, Yoshiasa, Akira, Sugiyama, Kazumasa, Shimura, Reiko, Arima, Hiroshi, Momma, Koichi, Miawaki, Ritsurou (2016) Crystal structure refinements of legrandite, adamite, and paradamite: The complex structure and characteristic hydrogen bonding network of legrandite. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 111 (1) 35-43 doi:10.2465/jmps.141216
Localities for Legrandite
Showing 25 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| |
| John Haupt collectiom | |
Brazil | |
| Canadian Mlneralogist Vol. 20 (1982) +1 other reference |
Germany | |
| Lapis (4) |
| |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1987) |
Greece | |
| Alfonso Frías Forcada Collection |
| |
| Samouhos et al. (2024) +1 other reference | |
| Gelaude et al. (1996) |
| Schnorrer-Köhler et al. (1988) | |
| Gelaude et al. (1996) |
| Gelaude et al. (1996) | |
Japan | |
| Ishibashi et al (1981) +1 other reference |
| Uehara et al. (2014) | |
| Kusachi et al. (1986) |
Mexico | |
| Anthony et al. (2016) |
| Desautels et al. (1963) +5 other references |
| Moore (2008) | |
| Moore (2018) | |
| Drugman et al. (1932) +2 other references |
Namibia | |
| Gebhard (1999) +1 other reference |
Poland | |
| Ciesielczuk et al. (2003) |
USA | |
| Dunn (1995) |
Zimbabwe | |
| Vetter et al. (1999) +1 other reference |
Quick NavTopAbout LegranditeUnique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPronunciation Physical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence Other LanguagesCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatFluorescence Other InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Ojuela Mine, Mapimí, Mapimí Municipality, Durango, Mexico