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Souzalite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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07025890017271926668967.jpg
Souzalite, etc.

Rapid Creek, Dawson mining district, Yukon, Canada
02029310017271926709986.jpg
Souzalite

Gentil claim, Mendes Pimentel, Minas Gerais, Brazil
05892250017271926745890.jpg
Souzalite

Gentil claim, Mendes Pimentel, Minas Gerais, Brazil
00095740017799822604699.jpg
Souzalite

Córrego Frio mine, Linópolis, Divino das Laranjeiras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
07025890017271926668967.jpg
Souzalite, etc.

Rapid Creek, Dawson mining district, Yukon, Canada
02029310017271926709986.jpg
Souzalite

Gentil claim, Mendes Pimentel, Minas Gerais, Brazil
05892250017271926745890.jpg
Souzalite

Gentil claim, Mendes Pimentel, Minas Gerais, Brazil
01188410017757684823984.jpg
Souzalite

Córrego Frio mine, Linópolis, Divino das Laranjeiras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
00327010017271926833457.jpg
Souzalite, etc.

Rapid Creek, Dawson mining district, Yukon, Canada
04701970017271926844470.jpg
Souzalite

Gentil claim, Mendes Pimentel, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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About SouzaliteHide

03017880017271926866379.jpg
Antonio J. A. de Souza
Formula:
Mg3Al4(PO4)4(OH)6 · 2H2O
Colour:
Blue-green, dark gray-green
Lustre:
Vitreous, Silky
Hardness:
5½ - 6
Specific Gravity:
3.087
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Name:
Named after Antonio José Alves de Souza (4 March 1896 - 19 December 1961), Director of the Departamento National da Producao Mineral, Brazil. Pronounced sōze'-a-lite.
Gormanite-Souzalite Series. The magnesium analogue of Gormanite.

Occurs as a hydrothermal alteration product of Scorzalite in pegmatite.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
3719
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3719:4

IMA Classification of SouzaliteHide

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Mg3Al4(PO4)4(OH)6·2H2O
First published:
1949
Type description reference:
Pecora, William T., Fahey, Joseph J. (1949) The Corrego Frio pegmatite, Minas Gerais: scorzalite and souzalite, two new phosphate minerals. American Mineralogist, 34 (1-2) 83-93

Classification of SouzaliteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):
8.DC.45

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
C : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 1:1 and < 2:1
Dana 8th ed.:
42.9.2.1

42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
9 : (AB)7(XO4)4Zq·xH2O
Hey's CIM Ref.:
19.14.31

19 : Phosphates
14 : Phosphates of Fe and other metals

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference for Standard
SouIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
SouThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of SouzaliteHide

Lustre:
Vitreous, Silky
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Blue-green, dark gray-green
Streak:
Pale green
Hardness:
5½ - 6 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Two directions at approximate right angles. One good {001) and one fair perpendicular to {001}.

Sturman et al. (1981) write that they could find only one poor cleavage parallel to {001}. However, the mineral breaks along the composition planes of the
Density:
3.087 g/cm3 (Measured)    3.07 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of SouzaliteHide

Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.617 - 1.618 nβ = 1.642 nγ = 1.652 - 1.653
2V:
Measured: 66° to 68°, Calculated: 66° to 68°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.035
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.

Surface Relief:
High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).

This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure - the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are isogyres.

Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
r > v
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
X perpendicular to cleavage = Green
Y = Blue
Z = elongation to Yellow

Chemistry of SouzaliteHide

Mindat Formula:
Mg3Al4(PO4)4(OH)6 · 2H2O
Element Weights:
Element% weight
O54.949 %
P17.730 %
Al15.445 %
Mg10.434 %
H1.442 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.
O
P
Al
Mg
H
Elements listed:
Al, H, Mg, O, P - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of SouzaliteHide

Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pinacoidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.2223 Å, b = 11.7801 Å, c = 5.1169 Å
α = 90.158°, β = 109.938°, γ = 81.330°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.613 : 1 : 0.434
Unit Cell V:
404.02 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
1
Morphology:
Crystals are bladed, to 1 cm, in aggregates; as coarse fibrous masses.
Twinning:
Polysynthetic twinning with the composition plane parallel to the good cleavage direction.
Comment:
boundary between souzalite (Mg dominant) and gormanite (Fe2+ dominant)

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0007014SouzaliteLe Bail A, Stephens P W, Hubert F (2003) A crystal structure for the souzalite/gormanite series from synchrotron powder diffraction data European Journal of Mineralogy 15 719-7232003Rapid Creek, Yukon, Canada0293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.386 Å(100)
2.553 Å(90)
2.921 Å(80)
4.760 Å(60)
3.152 Å(60)
3.06 Å(40)
6.72 Å(30)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Near-surface Processes
21 : Chemically precipitated carbonate, phosphate, iron formations
22 : Hydration and low-? subsurface aqueous alteration (see also #23)
High-? alteration and/or metamorphism
31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations
Geological Setting:
Sedimentary phosphate nodules, and in a high-pressure kyanite deposit.

Type Occurrence of SouzaliteHide

Type Locality:
ⓘ Córrego Frio mine, Linópolis, Divino das Laranjeiras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
General Appearance of Type Material:
Irregular, fibrous masses intimately associated with scorzalite.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M34010.
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 100680.
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, C5863, 159981, 160114.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Rare hydrothermal alteration product of scorzalite in complex zoned granite pegmatites.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Scorzalite
Reference:
Pecora, William T., Fahey, Joseph J. (1949) The Corrego Frio pegmatite, Minas Gerais: scorzalite and souzalite, two new phosphate minerals. American Mineralogist, 34 (1-2) 83-93

Other Language Names for SouzaliteHide

Relationship of Souzalite to other SpeciesHide

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:
11 photos of Souzalite associated with SideriteFeCO3
8 photos of Souzalite associated with Gormanite(Fe2+,Mg)3(Al,Fe3+)4(PO4)4(OH)6 · 2H2O
7 photos of Souzalite associated with QuartzSiO2
2 photos of Souzalite associated with LazuliteMgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2
2 photos of Souzalite associated with KulaniteBa(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)2(Al,Fe3+)2(PO4)3(OH)3
1 photo of Souzalite associated with BrazilianiteNaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4
1 photo of Souzalite associated with ZanazziiteCa2Mg5Be4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 6H2O
1 photo of Souzalite associated with ScorzaliteFe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2
1 photo of Souzalite associated with MoraesiteBe2(PO4)(OH) · 4H2O

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

8.DC.FerroberauniteFe2+Fe3+5(PO4)4(OH)5 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
8.DC.CésarferreiraiteFe2+ Fe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.FerrivauxiteFe3+Al2(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.IanbruceiteZn2(AsO4)(OH) · 3H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.05NissoniteCu2Mg2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 5H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
8.DC.07EuchroiteCu2(AsO4)(OH) · 3H2OOrth. 222 : P212121
8.DC.10LegranditeZn2(AsO4)(OH) · H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.12StrashimiriteCu8(AsO4)4(OH)4 · 5H2OMon.
8.DC.15EarlshannoniteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.15KunatiteCuFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.15'UM2006-27-PO:FeHZn'ZnFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon.
8.DC.15'UKI-2006-(PO:AlCuFeH)'Fe2+Al3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O
8.DC.15CobaltarthuriteCoFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.15ArthuriteCuFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.15OjuelaiteZnFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.15WhitmoreiteFe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.15BendadaiteFe2+Fe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.17KleemaniteZnAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 3H2OMon.
8.DC.20MagnesiobermaniteMgMn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2 : P21
8.DC.20BermaniteMn2+Mn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DC.20CoralloiteMn2+Mn3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.22KovdorskiteMg2(PO4)(OH) · 3H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.25ZincostrunziteZnFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6.5H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.25MetavauxiteFe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.25MetavivianiteFe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.25FerristrunziteFe3+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2OTric.
8.DC.25StrunziteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.25FerrostrunziteFe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2OTric.
8.DC.27BerauniteFe3+6(PO4)4O(OH)4 · 6H2OMon. m : Bb
8.DC.27TvrdýiteFe2+Fe3+2Al3(PO4)4(OH)5(H2O)4 · 2H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
8.DC.27ZincoberauniteZnFe3+5(PO4)4(OH)5 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
8.DC.30MaghrebiteMgAl2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30FerrolaueiteFe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30UshkoviteMgFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30LaueiteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30ParavauxiteFe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30SigloiteFe3+Al2(PO4)2(OH)3 · 7H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30NordgauiteMnAl2(PO4)2(F,OH)2 · 5H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30Kayrobertsonite[MnAl2(PO4)2(OH)2(H2O)4] · 2H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30KummeriteMn2+Fe3+Al(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30MangangordoniteMn2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30StewartiteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30GordoniteMgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30Kastningite(Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30PseudolaueiteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.32KamarizaiteFe3+3(AsO4)2(OH)3 · 3H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.32TinticiteFe3+3(PO4)2(OH)3 · 3H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.35VauxiteFe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.37VantasseliteAl4(PO4)3(OH)3 · 9H2OOrth.
8.DC.40CacoxeniteFe3+24AlO6(PO4)17(OH)12 · 75H2OHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.DC.45Gormanite(Fe2+,Mg)3(Al,Fe3+)4(PO4)4(OH)6 · 2H2OTric.
8.DC.47KingiteAl3(PO4)2F2(OH) · 7H2OTric.
8.DC.50AllanpringiteFe3+3(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
8.DC.50FluorwavelliteAl3(PO4)2(OH)2F · 5H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
8.DC.50WavelliteAl3(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
8.DC.52KribergiteAl5(PO4)3(SO4)(OH)4 · 4H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.55MapimiteZn2Fe3+3(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 10H2OMon. m : Bm
8.DC.57OgdensburgiteCa2Fe3+4(Zn,Mn2+)(AsO4)4(OH)6 · 6H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmmm
8.DC.60CloncurryiteCu0.5(VO)0.5Al2(PO4)2F2 · 5H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.60Nevadaite(Cu2+,Al,V3+)6Al8(PO4)8F8(OH)2 · 22H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
8.DC.62KenngottiteMn2+3Fe3+4(PO4)4(OH)6(H2O)2 Mon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DC.67MolinelloiteCu(H2O)(OH)V4+O(V5+O4)Tric. 1 : P1
8.DC.70WhitecapsiteH16Fe2+5Fe3+14Sb3+6(AsO4)18O16 · 120H2OHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.DC.75HeimitePbCu2(AsO4)(OH)3 · 2H2OMon. 2/m
8.DC.80LedneviteCu[PO3(OH)] · H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b

Other InformationHide

Notes:
Soluble with difficulty in HCl.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for SouzaliteHide

References for SouzaliteHide

Localities for SouzaliteHide

Showing 19 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
Hide all sections | Show all sections

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Antarctica
 
  • East Antarctica
    • Princess Elizabeth Land
      • Ingrid Christensen Coast
        • Prydz Bay
          • Larsemann Hills
Grew et al. (2007)
Austria
 
  • Carinthia
    • Spittal an der Drau District
      • Millstatt lake
F.Bernhard
      • Reißeck
        • Kolbnitz
Walter et al. (2020)
        • Penk
          • Zwenberger Graben
Walter et al. (2020)
Brazil (TL)
 
  • Minas Gerais
    • Divino das Laranjeiras
      • Linópolis
Pecora et al. (1949) +2 other references
    • Mendes Pimentel
Atencio et al. (2006)
Canada
 
  • Yukon
    • Dawson mining district
Robinson et al. (1992)
150-152. +2 other references
Robinson et al. (1992)
Robinson et al. (1992)
Portugal
 
  • Castelo Branco
    • Idanha-a-Nova
      • União das Freguesias de Zebreira e Segura
Gaspar et al. (2022)
Rwanda
 
  • Western Province
    • Ngororero District
      • Bwira
Lefèvre et al. (http://www.minsocam.org/msa/special/pig/PIG_articles/Elba%20Abstracts%2012%20Lefevre.pdf) +1 other reference
Spain
 
  • Castile and Leon
    • Salamanca
      • Aldehuela de la Bóveda
Roda et al. (2001)
      • Garcirrey
Encarnación Roda-Robles (2007)
      • Pereña de la Ribera
Roda-Robles et al. (2012)
USA
 
  • Maine
    • Oxford County
      • Newry
King et al. (1994) +1 other reference
  • New Hampshire
    • Grafton County
      • Groton
Nashua Min Soc. Disp. Cat. 1995 +1 other reference
Whitmore et al. (2004) +1 other reference
Geological Society of America Abstracts ... +2 other references
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