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Kleemanite

A valid IMA mineral species
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00465840017360473853273.jpg
Kleemanite

Iron Monarch Main Pit, Iron Knob, Pastoral Unincorporated Area, South Australia, Australia
07451780017702946574395.jpg
Kleemanite

Iron Monarch Main Pit, Iron Knob, Pastoral Unincorporated Area, South Australia, Australia
04188050017271924407864.jpg
Kleemanite

Iron Monarch Main Pit, Iron Knob, Pastoral Unincorporated Area, South Australia, Australia
04743450017271924305112.jpg
Kleemanite

Iron Monarch Main Pit, Iron Knob, Pastoral Unincorporated Area, South Australia, Australia
04942500017686781851643.jpg
Kleemanite

Iron Monarch Main Pit, Iron Knob, Pastoral Unincorporated Area, South Australia, Australia
04188050017271924407864.jpg
Kleemanite

Iron Monarch Main Pit, Iron Knob, Pastoral Unincorporated Area, South Australia, Australia
04743450017271924305112.jpg
Kleemanite

Iron Monarch Main Pit, Iron Knob, Pastoral Unincorporated Area, South Australia, Australia
07451780017702946574395.jpg
Kleemanite

Iron Monarch Main Pit, Iron Knob, Pastoral Unincorporated Area, South Australia, Australia
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About KleemaniteHide

05331800017271924432907.jpg
Alfred W. Kleeman
Formula:
ZnAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 3H2O
Colour:
colorless to pale brownish yellow
Hardness:
3
Specific Gravity:
2.84
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in honor of Alfred William Kleeman (27 July 1913 - 15 December 1982), Australian petrologist and Reader in the Department of Geology, The University of Adelaide, Australia. He was "the mentor of a generation and more of students of mineralogy and petrology in that department."
This page provides mineralogical data about Kleemanite.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
2224
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2224:4

Similar NamesHide

ColemaniteA valid IMA mineral species - grandfatheredCa[B3O4(OH)3] · H2O
Kihlmanite-(Ce)A valid IMA mineral speciesCe2TiO2(SiO4)(HCO3)2(H2O)

IMA Classification of KleemaniteHide

Classification of KleemaniteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):
8.DC.17

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
D : Phosphates, etc. with additional anions, with H2O
C : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 1:1 and < 2:1
Dana 8th ed.:
42.11.12.2

42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
11 : (AB)3(XO4)2Zq·xH2O
Hey's CIM Ref.:
19.8.22

19 : Phosphates
8 : Phosphates of Al and other metals

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference for Standard
KlmIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Pronunciation of KleemaniteHide

Pronunciation:
PlayRecorded byCountry
Jolyon RalphUnited Kingdom

Physical Properties of KleemaniteHide

Transparency:
Transparent
Comment:
'Bright' luster
Colour:
Colorless to pale brownish yellow
Hardness:
3 on Mohs scale
Comment:
Soft
Density:
2.84 g/cm3 (Measured)    2.76 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of KleemaniteHide

Type:
Biaxial
RI values:
nα = 1.598(2) nγ = 1.614(2)
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.016
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.

Surface Relief:
Moderate (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).

This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral colouration.
In focus
Dispersion:
r < v weak

Chemistry of KleemaniteHide

Mindat Formula:
ZnAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 3H2O
Element Weights:
Element% weight
O52.345 %
Zn16.454 %
P15.590 %
Al13.581 %
H2.029 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.
O
Zn
P
Al
H
Elements listed:
Al, H, O, P, Zn - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of KleemaniteHide

Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.282(8) Å, b = 7.190(5) Å, c = 9.770(8) Å
β = 110.2°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.013 : 1 : 1.359
Unit Cell V:
480.07 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
matted coatings of very fine-bladed acicular crystals
Twinning:
Multiple twinning parallel to fiber elongation probable.
Comment:
Point Group: 2/m or 2; Space Group: P2/m, P21/m, P2, or P21.

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
4.76 Å(10)
3.09 Å(8)
9.09 Å(6)
3.30 Å(6)
5.66 Å(5)
3.88 Å(5)
3.64 Å(5)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event<2.4
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals]
47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates]

Type Occurrence of KleemaniteHide

Type Locality:
ⓘ Iron Monarch Main Pit, Iron Knob, Pastoral Unincorporated Area, South Australia, Australia
General Appearance of Type Material:
Ochreous in appearance, but under a hand lens it is composed of a very fine, hair-like mass of crystals.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Museum Victoria, Melbourne, M34218; Division of Mineral Chemistry, CSIRO, Melbourne, Australia, MC637; National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 145805.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
weathering zone of manganiferous iron ore.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Jacobsite
Reference:
Pilkington, E. S., Segnit, E. R., Watts, J., Francis, G. (1979) Kleemanite, a new zinc aluminium phosphate. Mineralogical Magazine, 43 (325) 93-95 doi:10.1180/minmag.1979.043.325.03

Synonyms of KleemaniteHide

Other Language Names for KleemaniteHide

German:Kleemanit
Spanish:Kleemanita

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:
1 photo of Kleemanite associated with TurquoiseCuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8 · 4H2O
1 photo of Kleemanite associated with SmithsoniteZnCO3

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

8.DC.FerroberauniteFe2+Fe3+5(PO4)4(OH)5 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
8.DC.CésarferreiraiteFe2+ Fe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.FerrivauxiteFe3+Al2(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.IanbruceiteZn2(AsO4)(OH) · 3H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.05NissoniteCu2Mg2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 5H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
8.DC.07EuchroiteCu2(AsO4)(OH) · 3H2OOrth. 222 : P212121
8.DC.10LegranditeZn2(AsO4)(OH) · H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.12StrashimiriteCu8(AsO4)4(OH)4 · 5H2OMon.
8.DC.15EarlshannoniteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.15KunatiteCuFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.15'UM2006-27-PO:FeHZn'ZnFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon.
8.DC.15'UKI-2006-(PO:AlCuFeH)'Fe2+Al3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O
8.DC.15CobaltarthuriteCoFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.15ArthuriteCuFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.15OjuelaiteZnFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.15WhitmoreiteFe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.15BendadaiteFe2+Fe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.20MagnesiobermaniteMgMn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2 : P21
8.DC.20BermaniteMn2+Mn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DC.20CoralloiteMn2+Mn3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.22KovdorskiteMg2(PO4)(OH) · 3H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.25ZincostrunziteZnFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6.5H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.25MetavauxiteFe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.25MetavivianiteFe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.25FerristrunziteFe3+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2OTric.
8.DC.25StrunziteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.25FerrostrunziteFe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2OTric.
8.DC.27BerauniteFe3+6(PO4)4O(OH)4 · 6H2OMon. m : Bb
8.DC.27TvrdýiteFe2+Fe3+2Al3(PO4)4(OH)5(H2O)4 · 2H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
8.DC.27ZincoberauniteZnFe3+5(PO4)4(OH)5 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
8.DC.30MaghrebiteMgAl2(AsO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30FerrolaueiteFe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30UshkoviteMgFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30LaueiteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30ParavauxiteFe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30SigloiteFe3+Al2(PO4)2(OH)3 · 7H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30NordgauiteMnAl2(PO4)2(F,OH)2 · 5H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30Kayrobertsonite[MnAl2(PO4)2(OH)2(H2O)4] · 2H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30KummeriteMn2+Fe3+Al(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30MangangordoniteMn2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30StewartiteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30GordoniteMgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30Kastningite(Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.30PseudolaueiteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.32KamarizaiteFe3+3(AsO4)2(OH)3 · 3H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.32TinticiteFe3+3(PO4)2(OH)3 · 3H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.35VauxiteFe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 6H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.37VantasseliteAl4(PO4)3(OH)3 · 9H2OOrth.
8.DC.40CacoxeniteFe3+24AlO6(PO4)17(OH)12 · 75H2OHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.DC.45SouzaliteMg3Al4(PO4)4(OH)6 · 2H2OTric. 1
8.DC.45Gormanite(Fe2+,Mg)3(Al,Fe3+)4(PO4)4(OH)6 · 2H2OTric.
8.DC.47KingiteAl3(PO4)2F2(OH) · 7H2OTric.
8.DC.50AllanpringiteFe3+3(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
8.DC.50FluorwavelliteAl3(PO4)2(OH)2F · 5H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
8.DC.50WavelliteAl3(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
8.DC.52KribergiteAl5(PO4)3(SO4)(OH)4 · 4H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.DC.55MapimiteZn2Fe3+3(AsO4)3(OH)4 · 10H2OMon. m : Bm
8.DC.57OgdensburgiteCa2Fe3+4(Zn,Mn2+)(AsO4)4(OH)6 · 6H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmmm
8.DC.60CloncurryiteCu0.5(VO)0.5Al2(PO4)2F2 · 5H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
8.DC.60Nevadaite(Cu2+,Al,V3+)6Al8(PO4)8F8(OH)2 · 22H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
8.DC.62KenngottiteMn2+3Fe3+4(PO4)4(OH)6(H2O)2 Mon. 2/m : P2/b
8.DC.67MolinelloiteCu(H2O)(OH)V4+O(V5+O4)Tric. 1 : P1
8.DC.70WhitecapsiteH16Fe2+5Fe3+14Sb3+6(AsO4)18O16 · 120H2OHex. 6/m : P63/m
8.DC.75HeimitePbCu2(AsO4)(OH)3 · 2H2OMon. 2/m
8.DC.80LedneviteCu[PO3(OH)] · H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for KleemaniteHide

References for KleemaniteHide

Localities for KleemaniteHide

Showing 6 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia
 
  • New South Wales
    • Yancowinna Co.
      • Broken Hill district
        • Broken Hill
          • Broken Hill South Mine (BHS Mine; South Mine)
Pring et al. (1989) +1 other reference
  • South Australia
    • Pastoral Unincorporated Area
      • Iron Knob
Pilkington et al. (1979)
Bolivia
 
  • Oruro
    • Poopó Province
Torres et al. (2019)
China
 
  • Guangdong
    • Meizhou
      • Mei Co.
Lai et al. (1993)
Czech Republic
 
  • Karlovy Vary Region
    • Sokolov District
      • Krásno
Vrtiška et al. (2023)
Spain
 
  • Castile and Leon
    • Salamanca
      • Golpejas
        • Golpejas Mining group
Calvo Rebollar et al. (2022)
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