Sartorite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Sartorite
Formula:
PbAs2S4
Simplified formula. May be Tl-bearing.
Colour:
Grey, grayish black
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
3
Specific Gravity:
5.08 - 5.12
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named after Wolfgang Sartorius von Waltershausen (17 December 1809, Göttingen, Germany - 16 March 1876, Göttingen, Germany), Professor of Mineralogy, University of Göttingen, Germany. He was the first to describe the mineral.
Type Locality:
Note: the "sartorite" structurally characterised by Berlepsch et al. (2003) corresponds to enneasartorite. All "sartorite" occurrences published in the literature and based on (often) insufficient evidence should probably be reinvestigated to find out to which member of the Sartorite Group they confirm.
The structure (Berlepsch et al., 2003) contains isolated and interconnected AsS3 pyramids, as, e.g., in the case of baumhauerite, dufrénoysite, gratonite, and seligmannite.
The structure (Berlepsch et al., 2003) contains isolated and interconnected AsS3 pyramids, as, e.g., in the case of baumhauerite, dufrénoysite, gratonite, and seligmannite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3537
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3537:4
IMA Classification of Sartorite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Pb2+As3+2S2-4
Classification of Sartorite
2.HC.05a
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
C : With only Pb
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
C : With only Pb
3.7.8.1
3 : SULFOSALTS
7 : ø = 2
3 : SULFOSALTS
7 : ø = 2
5.6.1
5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
6 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Pb alone
5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
6 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Pb alone
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Sat | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Sat | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Sartorite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Grey, grayish black
Streak:
Chocolate-brown
Hardness:
3 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Very brittle
Cleavage:
Imperfect/Fair
Fair on {100}.
Fair on {100}.
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
5.08 - 5.12 g/cm3 (Measured) 5.13 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Sartorite
Anisotropism:
Weak
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 (%) | R2 (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 400nm | 37.5% | 40.4% |
| 420nm | 37.1% | 40.0% |
| 440nm | 36.7% | 39.6% |
| 460nm | 36.1% | 39.2% |
| 480nm | 35.7% | 38.8% |
| 500nm | 35.1% | 38.3% |
| 520nm | 34.5% | 37.8% |
| 540nm | 33.9% | 37.2% |
| 560nm | 33.3% | 36.6% |
| 580nm | 32.6% | 35.9% |
| 600nm | 31.9% | 35.2% |
| 620nm | 31.1% | 34.4% |
| 640nm | 30.4% | 33.4% |
| 660nm | 29.8% | 32.6% |
| 680nm | 29.1% | 32.0% |
| 700nm | 28.6% | 31.5% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 40.4%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
White
Internal Reflections:
Deep red
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
Rarely visible, and only in oil
Chemistry of Sartorite
Mindat Formula:
PbAs2S4
Simplified formula. May be Tl-bearing.
Simplified formula. May be Tl-bearing.
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Sartorite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 19.62 Å, b = 7.89 Å, c = 4.19 Å
β = 90°
β = 90°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 2.487 : 1 : 0.531
Unit Cell V:
648.62 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Prismatic and deeply striated [010] to 10cm. Terminal forms often rounded and interrupted, cavernous at times. Parallel and subparallel groupings common.
Twinning:
On {100}, often repeated. Exhibits twin lamellae in polished sections; bent at times.
Comment:
Pseudocell
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0002988 | Sartorite | Berlepsch P, Armbruster T, Makovicky E, Topa D (2003) Another step toward understanding the true nature of sartorite: Determination and refinement of a ninefold superstructure American Mineralogist 88 450-461 | ![]() | 2003 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.49 Å | (100) |
| 2.76 Å | (90) |
| 2.96 Å | (80) |
| 2.33 Å | (60) |
| 3.87 Å | (50) |
| 2.64 Å | (50) |
| 4.15 Å | (40) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Type Occurrence of Sartorite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
No designated type material.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Hydrothermal deposit in dolomite
Synonyms of Sartorite
Other Language Names for Sartorite
Relationship of Sartorite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Sartorite Group:
| Argentobaumhauerite | Ag1.5Pb22As33.5S72 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Argentodufrénoysite | Ag3Pb26As35S80 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Argentoliveingite | Ag3+xPb36-2xAs51+xS112 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Barikaite | Ag3Pb10(Sb8As11)S40 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Baumhauerite | Pb12As16S36 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Bernarlottiite | Pb6(As5Sb3)S18 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Boscardinite | TlPb4(Sb7As2)S18 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Carducciite | (Ag2Sb2)Pb12(As,Sb)16S40 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Dekatriasartorite | TlPb58As97S204 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Dufrénoysite | Pb2As2S5 | Mon. 2 : P21 |
| Écrinsite | AgTl3Pb4As11Sb9S36 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Enneasartorite | Tl6Pb32As70S140 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Geuerite | Ag2Tl4Pb4As22S40 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Giuşcăite | Ag2Tl4Pb4As20Sb2S40 | Mon. m |
| Guettardite | Pb8(Sb0.56As0.44)16S32 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Hendekasartorite | Tl2Pb48As82S172 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Heptasartorite | Tl7Pb22As55S108 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Hyršlite | Pb8As10Sb6S32 | Mon. 2 : P21 |
| Incomsartorite | Tl6Pb144As246S516 | Mon. 2/m |
| Interliveingite | AgPb18As25S56 | Mon. 2 : P21 |
| Liveingite | Pb20As24S56 | Mon. 2 : P21 |
| Parapierrotite | TlSb5S8 | Mon. m |
| Philrothite | TlAs3S5 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Pierrotite | Tl2(Sb,As)10S16 | Orth. mm2 : Pna21 |
| Polloneite | AgPb46As26Sb23S120 | Mon. 2 : P21 |
| Rathite | Ag2Pb12-xTlx/2As18+x/2S40 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Twinnite | Pb0.8Tl0.1Sb1.3As0.8S4 | Mon. 2/m |
| Veenite | Pb16Sb9-xAs7+xS40, x ~ 0-0.5 | Mon. 2 : P21 |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 27 photos of Sartorite associated with Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| 24 photos of Sartorite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
| 20 photos of Sartorite associated with Realgar | As4S4 |
| 5 photos of Sartorite associated with Wallisite | (Cu,Ag)TlPbAs2S5 |
| 5 photos of Sartorite associated with Pararealgar | As4S4 |
| 4 photos of Sartorite associated with Seligmannite | PbCuAsS3 |
| 3 photos of Sartorite associated with Edenharterite | PbTlAs3S6 |
| 3 photos of Sartorite associated with Sphalerite | ZnS |
| 3 photos of Sartorite associated with Dufrénoysite | Pb2As2S5 |
| 2 photos of Sartorite associated with Baryte | BaSO4 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.HC. | Bernarlottiite | Pb6(As5Sb3)S18 |
| 2.HC. | Huntingdonite | Pb19Sb16As6S51Cl2 |
| 2.HC. | Moiraite | Pb12Sb8As8S36 |
| 2.HC.05f | Parapierrotite | TlSb5S8 |
| 2.HC.05g | Marumoite | Pb32As40S92 |
| 2.HC.05b | Baumhauerite II | |
| 2.HC.05d | Rathite | Ag2Pb12-xTlx/2As18+x/2S40 |
| 2.HC.05e | Heptasartorite | Tl7Pb22As55S108 |
| 2.HC.05d | Dufrénoysite | Pb2As2S5 |
| 2.HC.05e | Hendekasartorite | Tl2Pb48As82S172 |
| 2.HC.05b | Argentobaumhauerite | Ag1.5Pb22As33.5S72 |
| 2.HC.05c | Argentoliveingite | Ag3+xPb36-2xAs51+xS112 |
| 2.HC.05b | Baumhauerite | Pb12As16S36 |
| 2.HC.05d | Veenite | Pb16Sb9-xAs7+xS40, x ~ 0-0.5 |
| 2.HC.05e | Dekatriasartorite | TlPb58As97S204 |
| 2.HC.05a | Hyršlite | Pb8As10Sb6S32 |
| 2.HC.05e | Incomsartorite | Tl6Pb144As246S516 |
| 2.HC.05c | Liveingite | Pb20As24S56 |
| 2.HC.05c | Johnjamborite | Pb14Sb8.5As7.5S38 |
| 2.HC.05f | Pierrotite | Tl2(Sb,As)10S16 |
| 2.HC.05d | Rathite-IV | PbAs2S4 |
| 2.HC.05d | Argentodufrénoysite | Ag3Pb26As35S80 |
| 2.HC.05e | Écrinsite | AgTl3Pb4As11Sb9S36 |
| 2.HC.05a | Twinnite | Pb0.8Tl0.1Sb1.3As0.8S4 |
| 2.HC.05f | Philrothite | TlAs3S5 |
| 2.HC.05h | Polloneite | AgPb46As26Sb23S120 |
| 2.HC.05a | Guettardite | Pb8(Sb0.56As0.44)16S32 |
| 2.HC.10a | Fülöppite | Pb3Sb8S15 |
| 2.HC.10d | Semseyite | Pb9Sb8S21 |
| 2.HC.10d | Rayite | Pb8(Ag,Tl)2Sb8S21 |
| 2.HC.10c | Heteromorphite | Pb7Sb8S19 |
| 2.HC.10b | Plagionite | Pb5Sb8S17 |
| 2.HC.15 | Falkmanite | Pb3Sb2S6 |
| 2.HC.15 | Boulangerite | Pb5Sb4S11 |
| 2.HC.20 | Robinsonite | Pb4Sb6S13 |
| 2.HC.25 | Moëloite | Pb6Sb6S14(S3) |
| 2.HC.30 | Dadsonite | Pb23Sb25S60Cl |
| 2.HC.35 | Zoubekite | AgPb4Sb4S10 |
| 2.HC.35 | Proto-owyheeite | Ag9Pb40Sb45S112 |
| 2.HC.35 | Owyheeite | Ag3Pb10Sb11S28 |
| 2.HC.40 | Parasterryite | Ag4Pb20Sb14As10S58 |
| 2.HC.50 | Lopatkaite | Pb5Sb3AsS11 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Sartorite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3537.html
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References for Sartorite
Reference List:
Solly, R. H., Jackson, H. (1900) Sulpharsenites of Lead from the Binnenthal. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 12 (57) 282-297 doi:10.1180/minmag.1900.012.57.08
Trechmann, Charles O. (1907) Crystallography of Sartorite from Binn. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 14 (66) 212-229 doi:10.1180/minmag.1907.014.66.06
Herbert Smith, G. F., Solly, R. H. (1919) On Sartorite and the problem of its crystal-form. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 18 (86) 259-316 doi:10.1180/minmag.1919.018.86.01
Bannister, F. A., Pabst, Adolf, Vaux, George (1939) The crystallography of sartorite. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 25 (164) 264-270 doi:10.1180/minmag.1939.025.164.05
Duval, Bruno; Moëlo, Yves; Picot, Paul (1986) Mise en évidence d'un dérivé de la zinkénite, riche en arsenic et bismuth, associé à orpiment, sartorite antimonifère et zinkénite (gisement de Julcani, Pérou). Bulletin de Minéralogie, 109 (6). p.649-655. doi:10.3406/bulmi.1986.7967
Pring, Allan (1990) Disordered intergrowths in lead-arsenic sulfide minerals and the paragenesis of the sartorite-group minerals. American Mineralogist, 75 (3-4) 289-294
Pring, Allan, Williams, Tim, Withers, Ray (1993) Structural modulation in sartorite: An electron microscope study. American Mineralogist, 78 (5-6) 619-626
Berlepsch, Peter, Armbruster, Thomas, Makovicky, Emil, Topa, Dan (2003) Another step toward understanding the true nature of sartorite: Determination and refinement of a ninefold superstructure. American Mineralogist, 88 (2) 450-461 doi:10.2138/am-2003-2-321 [= enneasartorite]
Makovicky, Emil, Topa, Dan (2015) Crystal chemical formula for sartorite homologues. Mineralogical Magazine, 79 (1) 25-31 doi:10.1180/minmag.2015.079.1.03
Kharbish, Sherif (2016) Micro-Raman spectroscopic investigations of extremely scarce Pb-As sulfosalt minerals: baumhauerite, dufrénoysite, gratonite, sartorite, and seligmannite. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 47 (11). 1360-1366 doi:10.1002/jrs.4973
Makovicky, Emil, Topa, Dan, Stoeger, Berthold (2018) The crystal structures of heptasartorite, Tl7Pb22As55S108, and enneasartorite, Tl6Pb32As70S140, two members of an anion-omission series of complex sulfosalts from Lengenbach, the Swiss Alps, and comparison with the structures of As-Sb sartorite homologues. European Journal of Mineralogy, 30 (1) 149-164 doi:10.1127/ejm/2018/0030-2706
Localities for Sartorite
Showing 17 localities.
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Sureda et al. (1992) +2 other references |
Austria | |
| Spötl (1989) |
Azerbaijan | |
| - (2005) |
China | |
| Dezhong Zhou et al. (1989) |
Hungary | |
| Koch (1985) |
Italy | |
| Fiori (1998) |
| Biagioni et al. (2026) |
| Bracci et al. (1980) +1 other reference |
Japan | |
| Shimizu & Matsuyama (1997) |
Russia | |
| Genkin et al. (1998) |
Spain | |
| Torres-Ruis et al. (1985) |
Switzerland (TL) | |
| Acta Crystallographica et al. (1961) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) | |
| 50. (in German) +2 other references | |
USA | |
| Rocks & Minerals 71:2 pp94-101 |
| |
| Chamberlain et al. (2023) |
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The
Lengenbach Quarry, Fäld, Binn, Goms, Valais, Switzerland