Hillebrandite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Hillebrandite
William Francis Hillebrand
Formula:
Ca2(SiO3)(OH)2
Colour:
White, colorless, very pale greenish white.
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous
Hardness:
5 - 5½
Specific Gravity:
2.66 - 2.69
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named by Fred Eugene Wright in 1908 in honor of William Francis Hillebrand (12 December 1853, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA - 7 February 1925, Washington, D.C., USA). Hillebrand was regarded as one of the best wet analytical method chemists in the USA and was with the U.S. Geological Survey. He described 5 new minerals himself, and 11 others jointly.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1904
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1904:6
IMA Classification of Hillebrandite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Ca2SiO3(OH)2
First published:
1908
Classification of Hillebrandite
9.DG.40
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
G : Inosilicates with 3-periodic single and multiple chains
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
G : Inosilicates with 3-periodic single and multiple chains
65.2.3.1
65 : INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1)
2 : Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=3
65 : INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1)
2 : Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=3
14.5.14
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
5 : Silicates of Ca
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
5 : Silicates of Ca
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Hil | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Hil | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Hillebrandite
Sub-Vitreous
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
White, colorless, very pale greenish white.
Streak:
White
Hardness:
5 - 5½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
{010}
{010}
Density:
2.66 - 2.69 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.69 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Hillebrandite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.598 - 1.607 nβ = 1.603 - 1.610 nγ = 1.603 - 1.614
2V:
Measured: 51° to 60°, Calculated: 64°
Birefringence:
0.007-0.009
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.005 - 0.007
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Moderate (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
strong
Optical Extinction:
Z=c
Chemistry of Hillebrandite
Mindat Formula:
Ca2(SiO3)(OH)2
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Ti,Al,Fe,Mn,Mg,Na,K
Crystallography of Hillebrandite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm(2/m2/m2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Cmcm
Cell Parameters:
a = 3.63 Å, b = 16.31 Å, c = 11.82 Å
β = 90°
β = 90°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.223 : 1 : 0.725
Unit Cell V:
699.81 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
12
Morphology:
Rod-like to fibrous
Comment:
Non-standard setting Cmc21; also momoclinic with beta = 90 degrees
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Display Options
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2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
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2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
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Rotation
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Labels
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0001745 | Hillebrandite | Dai Y S, Post J E (1995) Crystal structure of hillebrandite: A natural analogue of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) phases in Portland cement American Mineralogist 80 841-844 |  | 1995 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.81 Å | (30) |
| 3.36 Å | (20) |
| 3.03 Å | (30) |
| 2.93 Å | (100) |
| 2.84 Å | (20) |
| 2.79 Å | (30) |
| 2.25 Å | (20) |
| 1.82 Å | (40) |
Comments:
42-538
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations |
Type Occurrence of Hillebrandite
General Appearance of Type Material:
White fibers in dense aggregates
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 86531.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
High temperature contact metamorphic mineral in marbles
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Other Language Names for Hillebrandite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 7 photos of Hillebrandite associated with Spurrite | Ca5(SiO4)2(CO3) |
| 6 photos of Hillebrandite associated with Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| 4 photos of Hillebrandite associated with Larnite | Ca2SiO4 |
| 2 photos of Hillebrandite associated with Chegemite | Ca7(SiO4)3(OH)2 |
| 2 photos of Hillebrandite associated with Tilleyite | Ca5(Si2O7)(CO3)2 |
| 2 photos of Hillebrandite associated with Merwinite | Ca3Mg(SiO4)2 |
| 2 photos of Hillebrandite associated with Grossular | Ca3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| 2 photos of Hillebrandite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 2 photos of Hillebrandite associated with Wollastonite | Ca3(Si3O9) |
| 2 photos of Hillebrandite associated with Monticellite | CaMg(SiO4) |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.DG. | Barrydawsonite-(Y) | Na1.5Y0.5CaSi3O8(OH) |
| 9.DG. | Paratobermorite | Ca5AlSi5O16(OH) · 5H2O |
| 9.DG. | Calcinaksite | KNaCa(Si4O10) · H2O |
| 9.DG. | Alvesite | NaKZrSi6O15 · 2H2O |
| 9.DG.02 | Steedeite | NaMn2[Si3BO9](OH)2 |
| 9.DG.02 | Nolzeite | NaMn2[Si3BO9](OH)2 · 2H2O |
| 9.DG.05 | Murakamiite | LiCa2Si3O8(OH) |
| 9.DG.05 | Serandite | NaMn2+2Si3O8(OH) |
| 9.DG.05 | Bustamite | CaMn2+(Si2O6) |
| 9.DG.05 | Pectolite | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) |
| 9.DG.05 | Tanohataite | LiMn2Si3O8(OH) |
| 9.DG.05 | Dalnegorskite | Ca5Mn2+(Si3O9)2 |
| 9.DG.05 | 'Wollastonite-1A' | CaSiO3 |
| 9.DG.05 | Wollastonite | Ca3(Si3O9) |
| 9.DG.05 | Ferrobustamite | CaFe2+(Si2O6) |
| 9.DG.05 | Schizolite | NaCaMnSi3O8(OH) |
| 9.DG.07 | Cascandite | CaScSi3O8(OH) |
| 9.DG.08 | Plombièrite | Ca5Si6O16(OH)2 · 7H2O |
| 9.DG.10 | Clinotobermorite | Ca5Si6O17 · 5H2O |
| 9.DG.10 | Riversideite | Ca5Si6O16(OH)2 · 2H2O |
| 9.DG.10 | Tobermorite | Ca5Si6O17 · 5H2O |
| 9.DG.12 | Jusite | Na2Ca15Al4Si16O54 · 17H2O |
| 9.DG.12 | Kenotobermorite | Ca4Si6O15(OH)2 · 5H2O |
| 9.DG.15 | Foshagite | Ca4(Si3O9)(OH)2 |
| 9.DG.20 | Jennite | Ca9(Si3O9)2(OH)8 · 8H2O |
| 9.DG.20 | Kamenevite | K2TiSi3O9 · H2O |
| 9.DG.25 | Paraumbite | K3Zr2H(Si3O9)2 · nH2O |
| 9.DG.25 | Umbite | K2(Zr,Ti)Si3O9 · H2O |
| 9.DG.30 | Sørensenite | Na4SnBe2Si6O16(OH)4 |
| 9.DG.32 | Escheite | Ca2NaMnTi5[Si12O34]O2(OH)3 · 12H2O |
| 9.DG.35 | Xonotlite | Ca6(Si6O17)(OH)2 |
| 9.DG.45 | Zorite | Na8(Ti,Nb)5(Si6O17)2(OH,O)5 · 14H2O |
| 9.DG.45 | Chivruaiite | Ca4(Ti,Nb)5(Si6O17)2(OH,O)5 · 13-14H2O |
| 9.DG.50 | Haineaultite | (Na,Ca)5Ca(Ti,Nb)5(Si6O17)2(OH,F)8 · 5H2O |
| 9.DG.55 | Epididymite | Na2Be2Si6O15 · H2O |
| 9.DG.60 | Eudidymite | Na2Be2Si6O15 · H2O |
| 9.DG.65 | Elpidite | Na2ZrSi6O15 · 3H2O |
| 9.DG.65 | Patynite | NaKCa4[Si9O23] |
| 9.DG.67 | Whelanite | Cu2+2Ca6[Si6O17(OH)](CO3)(OH)3 · 2H2O |
| 9.DG.70 | Enricofrancoite | KNaCaSi4O10 |
| 9.DG.70 | Yusupovite | Na2Zr(Si6O15) · 2.5H2O |
| 9.DG.70 | Litidionite | KNaCuSi4O10 |
| 9.DG.70 | Fenaksite | (K,Na)4(Fe,Mn)2(Si4O10)2(OH,F) |
| 9.DG.70 | Manaksite | KNaMnSi4O10 |
| 9.DG.75 | Senkevichite | CsKNaCa2TiO[Si7O18](OH) |
| 9.DG.75 | Tinaksite | K2Na(Ca,Mn2+)2TiO[Si7O18(OH)] |
| 9.DG.75 | Tokkoite | K2Ca4[Si7O18(OH)](OH,F) |
| 9.DG.80 | Fluorcanasite | K3Na3Ca5Si12O30F4 · H2O |
| 9.DG.80 | Canasite | K3Na3Ca5Si12O30(OH)4 |
| 9.DG.85 | Miserite | K1.5-x(Ca,Y,REE)5(Si6O15)(Si2O7)(OH,F)2 · yH2O |
| 9.DG.90 | Frankamenite | K3Na3Ca5(Si12O30)(F,OH)4 · H2O |
| 9.DG.92 | Charoite | (K,Sr)15-16(Ca,Na)32[Si6O11(O,OH)6]2[Si12O18(O,OH)12]2[Si17O25(O,OH)18]2(OH,F)4 · ~3H2O |
| 9.DG.95 | Yuksporite | K4(Ca,Na)14(Sr,Ba)2(◻,Mn,Fe)(Ti,Nb)4(O,OH)4(Si6O17)2(Si2O7)3(H2O,OH)3 |
| 9.DG.97 | Eveslogite | (Na,K,Ca,Sr,Ba)48 [(Ti,Nb,Mn,Fe2+)12Si48O144(OH)12](F,OH,Cl)14 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Hillebrandite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1904.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Hillebrandite
Reference List:
Localities for Hillebrandite
Showing 26 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| R Bottrill in prep |
| R Bottrill unpub. Data | |
Germany | |
| Blaß et al. (2015) |
Israel | |
| Galuskin et al. (2015) |
| Sharygin et al. (2019) | |
Japan | |
| 3 +2 other references |
| Yamada (2004) | |
| Kusachi et al. (1991) |
Mexico (TL) | |
| Amer.J.Sci. (1908) +2 other references |
Middle East | |
| Gross (1977) | |
Namibia | |
| Dunn (1991) |
Norway | |
| Jamtveit et al. (1997) |
Palestine | |
| Galuskin et al. (2015) |
Russia | |
| Lazic et al. (2011) |
| Bailau +1 other reference |
| Galuskina et al. (2015) |
| Galuskina et al. (2013) | |
| Keith Bell et al. (1996) +1 other reference |
| Антонов (2003) |
Saudi Arabia | |
| Birch (1977) |
South Africa | |
| Buick (2000) | |
Turkey | |
| Am Min 73:11-12 p 1497 +4 other references |
USA | |
| Butler et al. (1938b) +2 other references |
| Woodford et al. (1941) +5 other references |
| Woodford et al. (1941) | |
| Valentine et al. (1960) +1 other reference |
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Crestmore quarries, Crestmore, Jurupa Valley, Riverside County, California, USA