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Cascandite

A valid IMA mineral species
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06300820017271921898515.jpg
Cascandite

Seula mine, Mount Camoscio, Oltrefiume, Baveno, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province, Piedmont, Italy
04073490017271921924907.jpg
Cascandite

Seula mine, Mount Camoscio, Oltrefiume, Baveno, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province, Piedmont, Italy
00515170017271921946646.jpg
Cascandite

Seula mine, Mount Camoscio, Oltrefiume, Baveno, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province, Piedmont, Italy
06300820017271921898515.jpg
Cascandite

Seula mine, Mount Camoscio, Oltrefiume, Baveno, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province, Piedmont, Italy
09639820017866615009674.jpg
Cascandite

Seula mine, Mount Camoscio, Oltrefiume, Baveno, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province, Piedmont, Italy
05276250017866615047205.jpg
Cascandite

Seula mine, Mount Camoscio, Oltrefiume, Baveno, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province, Piedmont, Italy
06300820017271921898515.jpg
Cascandite

Seula mine, Mount Camoscio, Oltrefiume, Baveno, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province, Piedmont, Italy
04073490017271921924907.jpg
Cascandite

Seula mine, Mount Camoscio, Oltrefiume, Baveno, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province, Piedmont, Italy
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About CascanditeHide

Formula:
CaScSi3O8(OH)
Colour:
Pale pink
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
4½ - 5½
Specific Gravity:
3 . 0 3 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Name:
For Calcium and Scandium in the chemical composition.
A triclinic pyroxenoid with dreier tetrahedral chains (Mellini & Merlino 1982). It is structurally related to serandite and pectolite.
At the Heftejern pegmatite, Norway it occurs as intimate intergrowns with scandiobabingtonite (Raade & Erambert 1999)


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
914
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:914:0

Similar NamesHide

CascaditeA rock subtype

IMA Classification of CascanditeHide

Classification of CascanditeHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):
9.DG.07

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
G : Inosilicates with 3-periodic single and multiple chains
Dana 8th ed.:
65.2.1.6

65 : INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1)
2 : Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=3
Hey's CIM Ref.:
14.8.14

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
8 : Silicates of Group III metals other than Al

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference for Standard
CasIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Pronunciation of CascanditeHide

Pronunciation:
PlayRecorded byCountry
Jolyon RalphUnited Kingdom

Physical Properties of CascanditeHide

Lustre:
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Pale pink
Streak:
White
Hardness:
4½ - 5½ on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
on {100} and {001}
Density:
3 . 0 3 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of CascanditeHide

Type:
Biaxial
RI values:
nα = 1.663 nγ = 1.684
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.021
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.

Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).

This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral colouration.
In focus
Dispersion:
weak

Chemistry of CascanditeHide

Mindat Formula:
CaScSi3O8(OH)
Element Weights:
Element% weight
O45.815 %
Si26.808 %
Sc14.304 %
Ca12.752 %
H0.321 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.
O
Si
Sc
Ca
H
Elements listed:
Ca, H, O, Sc, Si - search for minerals with similar chemistry
Common Impurities:
Ti,Al,Mn,Mg,Na

Chemical AnalysisHide

Oxide wt%:
 12
SiO251.83 %54.94 %
Sc2O314.74 %16.92 %
FeO4.50 %3.90 %
MgO0.20 %0.07 %
TiO20.08 %
Al2O30.11 %
MnO2.32 %0.91 %
CaO16.83 %16.88 %
Na2O0.06 %
H2O calc2.59 %2.72 %
Total:93.26 %96.34 %
Empirical formulas:
Sample IDEmpirical Formula
1Ca(Sc0.074Mg0.02Al0.01Fe2+0.22Mn0.01)(Na0.01Ca0.04Mn0.10◻0.85)Si3O8.02(OH)
2Ca1.00(Sc0.81Fe2+0.18Mn0.04Mg0.01) Σ1.04Si3.03O8(OH)
Sample references:
IDTypeLocalityReferenceNotes
1Type SpecimenGiacomini Quarry, Agrano, Omegna, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province, Piedmont, Italy
Mellini, M., Merlino, S., Orlandi, P., Rinaldi, R. (1982): Cascandite and jervisite, two new scandium silicates from Baveno, Italy. American Mineralogist, 67: 599-603.
It is assumed that the iron present was Fe2+, H2O correspond to one molecule in the unit cell
2Heftetjern pegmatite, Tørdal, Drangedal, Telemark, Norway
Raade, Gunnar, Erambert, Muriel (1999) An intergrowth of scandiobabingtonite and cascandite from the Heftetjern granite pegmatite, Norway. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Monatshefte, 1999 (12) 545-550
Empirical formula from mean analysis, based on 9O and assuming all Fe being divalent

Crystallography of CascanditeHide

Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pinacoidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.791(8) Å, b = 10.420(9) Å, c = 7.076(6) Å
α = 98.91(8)°, β = 102.63(8)°, γ = 84.17(8)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.94 : 1 : 0.679
Unit Cell V:
694.22 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Platy crystals elongated along [100] and flattened parallel to {001}. Forms observed: {001},{100},{120},and {5-30}
Comment:
After Mellini & Merlino (1982), spacegroup C-1

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0000868CascanditeMellini M, Merlino S (1982) The crystal structure of cascandite, CaScSi3O8(OH) American Mineralogist 67 604-60919820293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
7.22 Å(20)
6.75 Å(20)
4.46 Å(20)
3.84 Å(20)
3.62 Å(50)
3.10 Å(50)
2.968 Å(50)
2.821 Å(100)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 4a: Earth’s earliest continental crust>4.4-3.0
19 : Granitic intrusive rocks
Geological Setting:
Granite; Granite pegmatites

Type Occurrence of CascanditeHide

Type Locality:
ⓘ Giacomini Quarry (Diverio Quarry; Bottigetto Quarry), Agrano, Omegna, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province, Piedmont, Italy
General Appearance of Type Material:
Light pink crystals up to 0.20 x 0.08 x 0.02 mm in size
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Muncipal Museum of Natural History, Milan, Italy, Nr.23270
Empirical Formula of Type Material:
Ca(Sc0.074Mg0.02Al0.01Fe2+0.22Mn0.01)(Na0.01Ca0.04Mn0.10◻0.85)Si3O8.02(OH)
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Miarolitic cavities in granite
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
AlbiteJervisiteOrthoclaseQuartz
Reference:
Mellini, M., Merlino, S., Orlandi, P., Rinaldi, R. (1982): Cascandite and jervisite, two new scandium silicates from Baveno, Italy. American Mineralogist, 67: 599-603.

Synonyms of CascanditeHide

Other Language Names for CascanditeHide

Relationship of Cascandite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Wollastonite Group
Other Members of Wollastonite Group:
Barrydawsonite-(Y)Na1.5Y0.5CaSi3O8(OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/b
BustamiteCaMn2+(Si2O6)Tric. 1 : P1
DalnegorskiteCa5Mn2+(Si3O9)2Tric. 1 : P1
FerrobustamiteCaFe2+(Si2O6)Tric. 1
MendigiteMn2Mn2MnCa(Si3O9)2Tric. 1 : P1
MurakamiiteLiCa2Si3O8(OH)Tric. 1 : P1
PectoliteNaCa2Si3O8(OH)Tric. 1 : P1
SchizoliteNaCaMnSi3O8(OH)Tric. 1 : P1
SeranditeNaMn2+2Si3O8(OH)Tric. 1 : P1
TanohataiteLiMn2Si3O8(OH)Tric. 1 : P1
VistepiteSnMn4B2Si4O16(OH)2Tric. 1 : P1
WollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)Tric. 1 : P1

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:
9 photos of Cascandite associated with JervisiteNaSc3+Si2O6
4 photos of Cascandite associated with Scandiobabingtonite(Ca,Na)2(Fe2+,Mn)(Sc,Fe3+)Si5O14(OH)
2 photos of Cascandite associated with FluoriteCaF2
2 photos of Cascandite associated with KristianseniteCa4(Sc2Sn2)[Si2O7]2[Si2O6OH]2
1 photo of Cascandite associated with Calcioancylite-(Ce)(Ce,Ca,Sr)CO3(OH,H2O)
1 photo of Cascandite associated with Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
1 photo of Cascandite associated with MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
1 photo of Cascandite associated with TitaniteCaTiO(SiO4)
1 photo of Cascandite associated with AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
1 photo of Cascandite associated with Calcioancylite-(Nd)Ca(Nd,La,Ce)(CO3)2(OH).H2O

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

9.DG.Barrydawsonite-(Y)Na1.5Y0.5CaSi3O8(OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.DG.ParatobermoriteCa5AlSi5O16(OH) · 5H2OMon. 2/m
9.DG.CalcinaksiteKNaCa(Si4O10) · H2OTric. 1 : P1
9.DG.AlvesiteNaKZrSi6O15 · 2H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
9.DG.02SteedeiteNaMn2[Si3BO9](OH)2Tric. 1 : P1
9.DG.02NolzeiteNaMn2[Si3BO9](OH)2 · 2H2OTric. 1 : P1
9.DG.05MurakamiiteLiCa2Si3O8(OH)Tric. 1 : P1
9.DG.05SeranditeNaMn2+2Si3O8(OH)Tric. 1 : P1
9.DG.05BustamiteCaMn2+(Si2O6)Tric. 1 : P1
9.DG.05PectoliteNaCa2Si3O8(OH)Tric. 1 : P1
9.DG.05TanohataiteLiMn2Si3O8(OH)Tric. 1 : P1
9.DG.05DalnegorskiteCa5Mn2+(Si3O9)2Tric. 1 : P1
9.DG.05'Wollastonite-1A'CaSiO3Tric. 1 : P1
9.DG.05WollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)Tric. 1 : P1
9.DG.05FerrobustamiteCaFe2+(Si2O6)Tric. 1
9.DG.05SchizoliteNaCaMnSi3O8(OH)Tric. 1 : P1
9.DG.08PlombièriteCa5Si6O16(OH)2 · 7H2OOrth.
9.DG.10ClinotobermoriteCa5Si6O17 · 5H2OMon.
9.DG.10RiversideiteCa5Si6O16(OH)2 · 2H2O Orth.
9.DG.10TobermoriteCa5Si6O17 · 5H2OMon. 2 : P21
9.DG.12JusiteNa2Ca15Al4Si16O54 · 17H2O
9.DG.12KenotobermoriteCa4Si6O15(OH)2 · 5H2OMon.
9.DG.15FoshagiteCa4(Si3O9)(OH)2Tric. 1 : P1
9.DG.20JenniteCa9(Si3O9)2(OH)8 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
9.DG.20KameneviteK2TiSi3O9 · H2OOrth. 222 : P212121
9.DG.25ParaumbiteK3Zr2H(Si3O9)2 · nH2OOrth. mm2
9.DG.25UmbiteK2(Zr,Ti)Si3O9 · H2OOrth. 222 : P212121
9.DG.30SørenseniteNa4SnBe2Si6O16(OH)4Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DG.32Escheite Ca2NaMnTi5[Si12O34]O2(OH)3 · 12H2OOrth. mm2 : Ama2
9.DG.35XonotliteCa6(Si6O17)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.DG.40HillebranditeCa2(SiO3)(OH)2Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
9.DG.45ZoriteNa8(Ti,Nb)5(Si6O17)2(OH,O)5 · 14H2OOrth.
9.DG.45ChivruaiiteCa4(Ti,Nb)5(Si6O17)2(OH,O)5 · 13-14H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmmm
9.DG.50Haineaultite(Na,Ca)5Ca(Ti,Nb)5(Si6O17)2(OH,F)8 · 5H2OOrth. 222 : C222
9.DG.55EpididymiteNa2Be2Si6O15 · H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
9.DG.60EudidymiteNa2Be2Si6O15 · H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DG.65ElpiditeNa2ZrSi6O15 · 3H2OOrth.
9.DG.65PatyniteNaKCa4[Si9O23]Tric. 1 : P1
9.DG.67WhelaniteCu2+2Ca6[Si6O17(OH)](CO3)(OH)3 · 2H2OOrth. mm2 : Pnn2
9.DG.70EnricofrancoiteKNaCaSi4O10Tric. 1 : P1
9.DG.70YusupoviteNa2Zr(Si6O15) · 2.5H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.DG.70LitidioniteKNaCuSi4O10Tric. 1 : P1
9.DG.70Fenaksite(K,Na)4(Fe,Mn)2(Si4O10)2(OH,F)Tric. 1 : P1
9.DG.70ManaksiteKNaMnSi4O10Tric. 1 : P1
9.DG.75SenkevichiteCsKNaCa2TiO[Si7O18](OH)Tric. 1 : P1
9.DG.75TinaksiteK2Na(Ca,Mn2+)2TiO[Si7O18(OH)]Tric.
9.DG.75TokkoiteK2Ca4[Si7O18(OH)](OH,F)Tric.
9.DG.80FluorcanasiteK3Na3Ca5Si12O30F4 · H2OMon. m : Bm
9.DG.80CanasiteK3Na3Ca5Si12O30(OH)4Mon. m : Bm
9.DG.85MiseriteK1.5-x(Ca,Y,REE)5(Si6O15)(Si2O7)(OH,F)2 · yH2OTric.
9.DG.90FrankameniteK3Na3Ca5(Si12O30)(F,OH)4 · H2OTric. 1 : P1
9.DG.92Charoite(K,Sr)15-16(Ca,Na)32[Si6O11(O,OH)6]2[Si12O18(O,OH)12]2[Si17O25(O,OH)18]2(OH,F)4 · ~3H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
9.DG.95YuksporiteK4(Ca,Na)14(Sr,Ba)2(◻,Mn,Fe)(Ti,Nb)4(O,OH)4(Si6O17)2(Si2O7)3(H2O,OH)3Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.DG.97Eveslogite(Na,K,Ca,Sr,Ba)48 [(Ti,Nb,Mn,Fe2+)12Si48O144(OH)12](F,OH,Cl)14Mon. 2/m : P2/m

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for CascanditeHide

References for CascanditeHide

Localities for CascanditeHide

Showing 7 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Italy
 
  • Piedmont
    • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
      • Baveno
        • Feriolo
Albertini et al. (2006) +1 other reference
        • Oltrefiume
          • Mount Camoscio
Grill (1935)
Mellini et al. (1982) +1 other reference
      • Omegna
        • Agrano
Albertini (1988)
Mellini et al. (1982)
Norway
 
  • Telemark
    • Drangedal
      • Tørdal
Raade et al. (1999) +2 other references
Poland
 
  • Lower Silesian Voivodeship
    • Wrocław County
      • Gmina Jordanów Śląski
Pieczka et al. (2024) +2 other references
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