Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.

Thickness: 30 µm Order divisions

Rotation:

Surface Relief:

Low (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).

This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral colouration.

Focus:

In focus

Interference Figure:

This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure - the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are isogyres.

Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.

Thickness: 30 µm

Stage rotation: 0°

Dispersion:

r < v strong

Optical Extinction:

X = b, Z ∧ c = 5°.

Pleochroism:

Weak

Comments:

X = rose
Z = colorless

Chemistry of CharoiteHide

Mindat Formula:

(K,Sr)_15-16(Ca,Na)₃₂[Si₆O₁₁(O,OH)₆]₂[Si₁₂O₁₈(O,OH)₁₂]₂[Si₁₇O₂₅(O,OH)₁₈]₂(OH,F)₄ · ~3H₂O

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
O	43.761 %
Si	28.755 %
Ca	18.758 %
K	8.578 %
H	0.147 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Ca, F, H, K, Na, O, Si, Sr - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Al,Fe,Mn,Sr,Ba

Crystallography of CharoiteHide

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Class (H-M):

2/m - Prismatic

Space Group:

P2₁/m

Cell Parameters:

a = 32.296 Å, b = 19.651 Å, c = 7.16 Å
β = 96.3°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 1.643 : 1 : 0.364

Unit Cell V:

4517 Å³

Morphology:

Fibrous, massive.

Crystal StructureHide

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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4

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CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0018568	Charoite	Rozhdestvenskaya I V, Mugnaioli E, Czank M, Depmeier W, Kolb U, Merlino S (2011) Essential features of the polytypic charoite-96 structure compared to charoite-90 Mineralogical Magazine 75 2833-2846		2011	Murun massif in Yakutia, Sakha Republic, Siberia, Russia	0	293
0017698	Charoite	Rozhdestvenskaya I, Mugnaioli E, Czank M, Depmeier W, Kolb U, Reinholdt A, Weirich T (2010) The structure of charoite, (K,Sr,Ba,Mn)15-16(Ca,Na)32[(Si70(O,OH)180)](OH,F)4.0nH2O, solved by conventional and automated electron diffraction* Mineralogical Magazine 74 159-177		2010	Murun massif, Yakutiya, Russia	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Charoite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Rozhdestvenskaya I V'
'Mugnaioli E'
'Czank M'
'Depmeier W'
'Kolb U'
'Merlino S'
_journal_name_full 'Mineralogical Magazine'
_journal_volume 75 
_journal_year 2011
_journal_page_first 2833
_journal_page_last 2846
_publ_section_title
;
 Essential features of the polytypic charoite-96 structure compared to charoite-90
 Note: This structure is polytype charoite-96
;
_database_code_amcsd 0018568
_chemical_compound_source 'Murun massif in Yakutia, Sakha Republic, Siberia, Russia'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Na3.66 Ca12 K6.58 Sr.69 Si35 O91.41 F H1.82'
_cell_length_a 32.11
_cell_length_b 19.77
_cell_length_c 7.23
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 95.85
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 4565.808
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      2.436
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P 1 21/m 1'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  'x,1/2-y,z'
  '-x,1/2+y,-z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Na(1)   0.96010   0.06860   0.36400   0.94000   0.03100
Na(2)   0.96490   0.07080   0.84500   0.89000   0.02500
Ca(1)   0.87730   0.14569   0.56900   1.00000   0.05200
Ca(2)   0.87310   0.14640   0.06500   1.00000   0.03200
Ca(3)   0.54110   0.04420   0.89600   1.00000   0.04800
Ca(4)   0.54130   0.04340   0.39500   1.00000   0.02500
Ca(5)   0.35140   0.06630   0.05000   1.00000   0.04300
Ca(6)   0.34810   0.06970   0.54200   1.00000   0.02000
K(1)   0.48340   0.25000   0.60500   1.00000   0.04500
K(2)   0.59630   0.25000   0.18500   1.00000   0.09200
K(3)   0.73640   0.12010   0.24800   0.85000   0.03800
K(4)   0.35840   0.25000   0.30600   1.00000   0.08300
K(5)   0.69710   0.25000   0.76100   0.92000   0.05100
K(6)   0.20020   0.05100   0.18900   0.48000   0.05200
Sr   0.36080   0.25000   0.84900   0.69000   0.05600
Si(1)   0.49530   0.17170   0.13400   1.00000   0.02600
Si(2)   0.43920   0.09650   0.38300   1.00000   0.06800
Si(3)   0.44130   0.10300   0.81500   1.00000   0.04500
Si(4)   0.58660   0.17410   0.66200   1.00000   0.03000
Si(5)   0.64090   0.10290   0.41300   1.00000   0.04500
Si(6)   0.64080   0.10390   0.98700   1.00000   0.04000
Si(7)   0.69660   0.05780   0.71200   1.00000   0.03500
Si(8)   0.78490   0.14400   0.76500   1.00000   0.04700
Si(9)   0.79100   0.25000   0.05000   1.00000   0.01800
Si(10)   0.79410   0.25000   0.48200   1.00000   0.03000
Si(11)   0.26670   0.17750   0.48100   1.00000   0.05200
Si(12)   0.26380   0.17940   0.04100   1.00000   0.02600
Si(13)   0.25580   0.06710   0.73600   1.00000   0.04900
Si(14)   0.82710   0.01440   0.29900   1.00000   0.07500
Si(15)   0.10480   0.02450   0.94500   1.00000   0.02600
Si(16)   0.10460   0.02450   0.39200   1.00000   0.07000
Si(17)   0.05610   0.10510   0.66000   1.00000   0.05900
Si(18)   0.02090   0.25000   0.65200   1.00000   0.01600
Si(19)   0.94290   0.25000   0.88500   1.00000   0.03500
Si(20)   0.94480   0.25000   0.31800   1.00000   0.07300
O(1)   0.51100   0.25000   0.15900   1.00000   0.08000
O(2)   0.46600   0.15700   0.94600   1.00000   0.03500
O(3)   0.46400   0.16600   0.30200   1.00000   0.04100
O(4)   0.53200   0.12000   0.13700   1.00000   0.06000
O(5)   0.43800   0.12500   0.59200   1.00000   0.07800
O(6)   0.39080   0.10000   0.30800   1.00000   0.08400
O(7)   0.47200   0.03500   0.39500   1.00000   0.05900
O(8)   0.39300   0.11200   0.80300   1.00000   0.04900
O(9)   0.46600   0.03200   0.87000   1.00000   0.03900
O(10)   0.57100   0.25000   0.72400   1.00000   0.12000
O(11)   0.61510   0.16300   0.48700   1.00000   0.03800
O(12)   0.60900   0.16300   0.88500   1.00000   0.03400
O(13)   0.55000   0.11900   0.63200   1.00000   0.04200
O(14)   0.68450   0.10300   0.53800   1.00000   0.01900
O(15)   0.64900   0.13200   0.20500   1.00000   0.04100
O(16)   0.61600   0.03300   0.38600   1.00000   0.06400
O(17)   0.68500   0.09100   0.89400   1.00000   0.06200
O(18)   0.61300   0.04000   0.94800   1.00000   0.06400
O(19)   0.74730   0.08100   0.73600   1.00000   0.01700
O(20)   0.30600   0.02500   0.27200   1.00000   0.06600
O(21)   0.77600   0.18300   0.56500   1.00000   0.03700
O(22)   0.77130   0.18400   0.93900   1.00000   0.03600
O(23)   0.83400   0.11600   0.77700   1.00000   0.08800
O(24)   0.77700   0.25000   0.26400   1.00000   0.08000
O(25)   0.84100   0.25000   0.07300   1.00000   0.06300
O(26)   0.84400   0.25000   0.53700   1.00000   0.02000
O(27)   0.24900   0.25000   0.51600   1.00000   0.02400
O(28)   0.24200   0.11300   0.55300   1.00000   0.05600
O(29)   0.24900   0.17100   0.24800   1.00000   0.07500
O(30)   0.31300   0.17600   0.51800   1.00000   0.04500
O(31)   0.24600   0.25000   0.94100   1.00000   0.08100
O(32)   0.25100   0.12500   0.89000   1.00000   0.09300
O(33)   0.31300   0.18700   0.03000   1.00000   0.03500
O(34)   0.22100   0.00900   0.74500   1.00000   0.04600
O(35)   0.30000   0.03100   0.76500   1.00000   0.09500
O(36)   0.15000   0.03200   0.85100   1.00000   0.05800
O(37)   0.14700   0.01200   0.51600   1.00000   0.03400
O(38)   0.83600   0.09800   0.29800   1.00000   0.06200
O(39)   0.08200   0.08600   0.84300   1.00000   0.07700
O(40)   0.11100   0.04300   0.17200   1.00000   0.08200
O(41)   0.92000   0.04400   0.07900   1.00000   0.06000
O(42)   0.91500   0.04500   0.60700   1.00000   0.04900
O(43)   0.08100   0.08900   0.47600   1.00000   0.03900
O(44)   0.05190   0.18600   0.62800   1.00000   0.03300
O(45)   0.01400   0.05800   0.63400   1.00000   0.06400
O(46)   0.98700   0.25000   0.79500   1.00000   0.03600
O(47)   0.98000   0.25000   0.49200   1.00000   0.08000
O(48)   0.95800   0.25000   0.10700   1.00000   0.13000
O(49)   0.92500   0.17600   0.84100   1.00000   0.06100
O(50)   0.92000   0.17600   0.33400   1.00000   0.08800
O-H   0.00700   0.04700   0.14300   0.50000   0.09200
F   0.00700   0.04700   0.14300   0.50000   0.09200
Wat   0.69700   0.25000   0.26100   0.41000   0.18000

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
3.348 Å	(100)
3.134 Å	(85)
12.5 Å	(70)
2.79 Å	(50)
2.71 Å	(35)
3.90 Å	(30)
2.97 Å	(30)

Comments:

Murun massif, Russia. Data from the type description.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks	>3.0
35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks

Geological Setting:

Potassic feldspar metasomatites

Type Occurrence of CharoiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Murunskii Massif, Chara and Tokko Rivers Confluence, Aldan Shield, Russia

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

University of Rome, Rome, Italy, number 24352.
A.E. Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Moscow, Russia.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

K-feldspar metasomatites at the contact of nepheline- and aegirine-syenites with limestones.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Canasite

Tinaksite

Synonyms of CharoiteHide

Charoite Jade

IMA1977-019

Other Language Names for CharoiteHide

Dutch:Charoiet

German:Charoit

Italian:Charoite

Japanese:チャロアイト

Lithuanian:Čaroitas

Polish:Czaroit

Russian:Чароит

Spanish:Charoita

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

195 photos of Charoite associated with Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
115 photos of Charoite associated with Tinaksite	K₂Na(Ca,Mn²⁺)₂TiO[Si₇O₁₈(OH)]
51 photos of Charoite associated with Steacyite	K_0.3(Na,Ca)₂ThSi₈O₂₀
42 photos of Charoite associated with Quartz	SiO₂
21 photos of Charoite associated with Frankamenite	K₃Na₃Ca₅(Si₁₂O₃₀)(F,OH)₄ · H₂O
17 photos of Charoite associated with Fedorite	(Na,K)_2-3(Ca₄Na₃)Si₁₆O₃₈(OH,F)₂ · 3.5H₂O
13 photos of Charoite associated with Tokkoite	K₂Ca₄[Si₇O₁₈(OH)](OH,F)
12 photos of Charoite associated with Microcline	K(AlSi₃O₈)
12 photos of Charoite associated with Pectolite	NaCa₂Si₃O₈(OH)
11 photos of Charoite associated with Galena	PbS

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

9.DG.	Barrydawsonite-(Y)	Na_1.5Y_0.5CaSi₃O₈(OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.DG.	Paratobermorite	Ca₅AlSi₅O₁₆(OH) · 5H₂O	Mon. 2/m
9.DG.	Calcinaksite	KNaCa(Si₄O₁₀) · H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DG.	Alvesite	NaKZrSi₆O₁₅ · 2H₂O	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
9.DG.02	Steedeite	NaMn₂[Si₃BO₉](OH)₂	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DG.02	Nolzeite	NaMn₂[Si₃BO₉](OH)₂ · 2H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DG.05	Murakamiite	LiCa₂Si₃O₈(OH)	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DG.05	Serandite	NaMn²⁺₂Si₃O₈(OH)	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DG.05	Bustamite	CaMn²⁺(Si₂O₆)	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DG.05	Pectolite	NaCa₂Si₃O₈(OH)	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DG.05	Tanohataite	LiMn₂Si₃O₈(OH)	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DG.05	Dalnegorskite	Ca₅Mn²⁺(Si₃O₉)₂	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DG.05	'Wollastonite-1A'	CaSiO₃	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DG.05	Wollastonite	Ca₃(Si₃O₉)	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DG.05	Ferrobustamite	CaFe²⁺(Si₂O₆)	Tric. 1
9.DG.05	Schizolite	NaCaMnSi₃O₈(OH)	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DG.07	Cascandite	CaScSi₃O₈(OH)	Tric. 1
9.DG.08	Plombièrite	Ca₅Si₆O₁₆(OH)₂ · 7H₂O	Orth.
9.DG.10	Clinotobermorite	Ca₅Si₆O₁₇ · 5H₂O	Mon.
9.DG.10	Riversideite	Ca₅Si₆O₁₆(OH)₂ · 2H₂O	Orth.
9.DG.10	Tobermorite	Ca₅Si₆O₁₇ · 5H₂O	Mon. 2 : P2₁
9.DG.12	Jusite	Na₂Ca₁₅Al₄Si₁₆O₅₄ · 17H₂O
9.DG.12	Kenotobermorite	Ca₄Si₆O₁₅(OH)₂ · 5H₂O	Mon.
9.DG.15	Foshagite	Ca₄(Si₃O₉)(OH)₂	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DG.20	Jennite	Ca₉(Si₃O₉)₂(OH)₈ · 8H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DG.20	Kamenevite	K₂TiSi₃O₉ · H₂O	Orth. 222 : P2₁2₁2₁
9.DG.25	Paraumbite	K₃Zr₂H(Si₃O₉)₂ · nH₂O	Orth. mm2
9.DG.25	Umbite	K₂(Zr,Ti)Si₃O₉ · H₂O	Orth. 222 : P2₁2₁2₁
9.DG.30	Sørensenite	Na₄SnBe₂Si₆O₁₆(OH)₄	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DG.32	Escheite	Ca₂NaMnTi₅[Si₁₂O₃₄]O₂(OH)₃ · 12H₂O	Orth. mm2 : Ama2
9.DG.35	Xonotlite	Ca₆(Si₆O₁₇)(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.DG.40	Hillebrandite	Ca₂(SiO₃)(OH)₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
9.DG.45	Zorite	Na₈(Ti,Nb)₅(Si₆O₁₇)₂(OH,O)₅ · 14H₂O	Orth.
9.DG.45	Chivruaiite	Ca₄(Ti,Nb)₅(Si₆O₁₇)₂(OH,O)₅ · 13-14H₂O	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmmm
9.DG.50	Haineaultite	(Na,Ca)₅Ca(Ti,Nb)₅(Si₆O₁₇)₂(OH,F)₈ · 5H₂O	Orth. 222 : C222
9.DG.55	Epididymite	Na₂Be₂Si₆O₁₅ · H₂O	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
9.DG.60	Eudidymite	Na₂Be₂Si₆O₁₅ · H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DG.65	Elpidite	Na₂ZrSi₆O₁₅ · 3H₂O	Orth.
9.DG.65	Patynite	NaKCa₄[Si₉O₂₃]	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DG.67	Whelanite	Cu²⁺₂Ca₆[Si₆O₁₇(OH)](CO₃)(OH)₃ · 2H₂O	Orth. mm2 : Pnn2
9.DG.70	Enricofrancoite	KNaCaSi₄O₁₀	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DG.70	Yusupovite	Na₂Zr(Si₆O₁₅) · 2.5H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.DG.70	Litidionite	KNaCuSi₄O₁₀	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DG.70	Fenaksite	(K,Na)₄(Fe,Mn)₂(Si₄O₁₀)₂(OH,F)	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DG.70	Manaksite	KNaMnSi₄O₁₀	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DG.75	Senkevichite	CsKNaCa₂TiO[Si₇O₁₈](OH)	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DG.75	Tinaksite	K₂Na(Ca,Mn²⁺)₂TiO[Si₇O₁₈(OH)]	Tric.
9.DG.75	Tokkoite	K₂Ca₄[Si₇O₁₈(OH)](OH,F)	Tric.
9.DG.80	Fluorcanasite	K₃Na₃Ca₅Si₁₂O₃₀F₄ · H₂O	Mon. m : Bm
9.DG.80	Canasite	K₃Na₃Ca₅Si₁₂O₃₀(OH)₄	Mon. m : Bm
9.DG.85	Miserite	K_1.5-x(Ca,Y,REE)₅(Si₆O₁₅)(Si₂O₇)(OH,F)₂ · yH₂O	Tric.
9.DG.90	Frankamenite	K₃Na₃Ca₅(Si₁₂O₃₀)(F,OH)₄ · H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
9.DG.95	Yuksporite	K₄(Ca,Na)₁₄(Sr,Ba)₂(◻,Mn,Fe)(Ti,Nb)₄(O,OH)₄(Si₆O₁₇)₂(Si₂O₇)₃(H₂O,OH)₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.DG.97	Eveslogite	(Na,K,Ca,Sr,Ba)₄₈ [(Ti,Nb,Mn,Fe²⁺)₁₂Si₄₈O₁₄₄(OH)₁₂](F,OH,Cl)₁₄	Mon. 2/m : P2/m

RadioactivityHide

Radioactivity:

Element	% Content	Activity (Bq/kg)	Radiation Type
Uranium (U)	0.0000%	0	α, β, γ
Thorium (Th)	0.0000%	0	α, β, γ
Potassium (K)	8.5780%	2,659	β, γ

For comparison:

Banana: ~15 Bq per fruit
Granite: 1,000–3,000 Bq/kg
EU exemption limit: 10,000 Bq/kg

Note: Risk is shown relative to daily recommended maximum exposure to non-background radiation of 1000 µSv/year. Note that natural background radiation averages around 2400 µSv/year so in reality these risks are probably extremely overstated! With infrequent handling and safe storage natural radioactive minerals do not usually pose much risk.

Interactive Simulator:

Note: The mass selector refers to the mass of radioactive mineral present, not the full specimen, also be aware that the matrix may also be radioactive, possibly more radioactive than this mineral!

Mass of radioactive mineral:

Shielding material:

Activity: –

Distance	Dose rate	Risk
1 cm
10 cm
1 m

The external dose rate (D) from a radioactive mineral is estimated by summing the gamma radiation contributions from its Uranium, Thorium, and Potassium content, disregarding daughter-product which may have a significant effect in some cases (eg 'pitchblende'). This involves multiplying the activity (A, in Bq) of each element by its specific gamma ray constant (Γ), which accounts for its unique gamma emissions. The total unshielded dose at 1 cm is then scaled by the square of the distance (r, in cm) and multiplied by a shielding factor (μ_shield). This calculation provides a 'worst-case' or 'maximum risk' estimate because it assumes the sample is a point source and entirely neglects any self-shielding where radiation is absorbed within the mineral itself, meaning actual doses will typically be lower. The resulting dose rate (D) is expressed in microsieverts per hour (μSv/h).

D = ((A_U × Γ_U) + (A_Th × Γ_Th) + (A_K × Γ_K)) / r² × μ_shield

Other InformationHide

IR Spectrum:

The IR spectrum shows the presence of both molecular
water and hydroxyl.

Thermal Behaviour:

About 2.4% H2O is lost up to 300° and l.3% more to 600°. Small endothermic effects are noted at 440°, 760°, and 970°.

Notes:

Insoluble in acids.

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Industrial Uses:

Jewelry

Charoite in petrologyHide

An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.

Metamorphic rock
- Metasomatic-rock
  - Charoitite

Internet Links for CharoiteHide

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https://www.mindat.org/min-972.html
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External Links:

Look for Charoite on Webmineral

Look for Charoite on Wikipedia

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

References for CharoiteHide

Reference List:

Acta Crystallographica: A40, Supplement C, 246.

Nikol'skaya, L.V., Novozhilov, A.I., Samoilovich, M.I. (1976) The nature of the color of a new alkali calcium silicate from eastern Transbaikal. Izuest Akad Nauk SSSR, Ser. Geol.: 10: ll6-120.

Fleischer, Michael; Pabst, Adolf, White, John Sampson (1978) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 63 (7-8). 793-796

Rogova, V.P., Rogov, Y.G., Drits, V.A., Kuznetsova, N.N. (1978) Charoite, a new mineral, and a new jewelry stone. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 107(1): 94-100.

Fleischer, Michael (1978) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 63 (11-12). 1282-1284

Nikishova, L.V., Lazebnik, K.A., Lazebnik, Y.D. (1985) About the crystallochemical formula of charoite. in Crystal Chemistry and Structure of Minerals, Nauka (Leningrad, Russia): 100-105.

Hawthorne, Frank C., Burke, Ernst A. J., Ercit, T. Scott, Grew, Edward S., Grice, Joel D., Jambor, John L., Puziewicz, Jacek, Roberts, Andrew C., Vanko, David A. (1988) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 73 (1-2) 189-199

Chiragov, M.I., Shirinova, A.F. (2004) Crystalline structure of charoite as a derivative of miserite, canasite and okenite. (Russian with English abstract): Mineralogical Journal (Ukraine): 26(4): 5–9.

Matesanz, E., Garcia-Guinea, J., Crespo-Feo, E., Lopez-Arce, P., Valle-Fuentes, F.J., Correcher, V. (2008) The high-temperature behavior of charoite. The Canadian Mineralogist: 46: 1207-1213.

Rozhdestvenskaya, I. V., Kogure, T., Abe, E., Drits, V. A. (2009) A structural model for charoite. Mineralogical Magazine, 73 (5) 883-890 doi:10.1180/minmag.2009.073.2.883

Buzatu, A., Buzgar, N. (2010) The Raman study of single-chain silicates. Analele Stiintifice Ale Universitatii, Al. I. Cuza Iasi Geologie: 56: 107-125.

Rozhdestvenskaya, I., Mugnaioli, E., Czank, M., Depmeier, W., Kolb, U., Reinholdt, A., Weirich, T. (2010) The structure of charoite, (K,Sr,Ba,Mn)_15–16(Ca,Na)₃₂[(Si₇₀(O,OH)₁₈₀)](OH,F)_4.0.nH₂O, solved by conventional and automated electron diffraction. Mineralogical Magazine, 74 (1) 159-177 doi:10.1180/minmag.2010.074.1.159

Rozhdestvenskaya, I. V., Mugnaioli, E., Czank, M., Depmeier, W., Kolb, U., Merlino, S. (2011) Essential features of the polytypic charoite-96 structure compared to charoite-90. Mineralogical Magazine, 75 (6) 2833-2846 doi:10.1180/minmag.2011.075.6.2833

Rozhdestvenskaya, I.V., Drits, V.A. (2013) Peculiarities of the charoite X-ray powder diffraction pattern. Zapiski RMO: 142(4): 101-112.

Vladykin, N. V., Borovikov, A. A., Dokuchits, E. Yu., Thomas, V. G. (2018) Genesis of Charoite Rocks in the Murun Massif, Aldan Shield, Russia. Geochemistry International, 56 (12) 1135-1147 doi:10.1134/s0016702918120108

Carter, D. (2020) Charoite - a chance discovery.https://www.mindat.org/article.php/3842/%3Cm%3ECharoite%3C_%3E+-+a+chance+discovery

(2020) Charoite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for CharoiteHide

Showing 14 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


India
Tamil Nadu Chengalpattu district ⓘ ~~Kalpakkam~~	Deepthi et al. (2015)

Russia (TL)
Aldan Shield Chara and Tokko Rivers Confluence ⓘ Murunskii Massif (TL)	Konev et al. (1993) +1 other reference
ⓘ Irkutskii area	Kaneva +4 other references
ⓘ Sirenevyi Kamen' Deposit	Solyanik et al. (2008) +3 other references
ⓘ Gol'tsovyi area	Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.)
ⓘ Grozovoi area	- (n.d.)
ⓘ Magistral'nyi area	Pekov (1998)
ⓘ Novyi area	Vorob'yov E.I. (2008)
ⓘ Staryi area	Vorob'yov E.I. (2008)
ⓘ Vostochnyi area (Eastern)	Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.)
ⓘ Yakutskiy district	Kaneva +3 other references
Irkutsk Oblast ⓘ Malyi Murun Massif (Malomurunskiy; Maly Murun alkaline pluton; Malyy Murun massif)	Vladykin et al. (2008)
ⓘ Severny area	Kaneva et al. (2020)
Kemerovo Oblast Tashtagolsky District Synzas River ⓘ Patyn Mt. Massif	doi.org (n.d.) +1 other reference

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Charoite

About CharoiteHide

Unique IdentifiersHide

Similar NamesHide

IMA Classification of CharoiteHide

Classification of CharoiteHide

Mineral SymbolsHide

Physical Properties of CharoiteHide

Optical Data of CharoiteHide