Bonattite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Bonattite
Stefano A. Bonatti
Formula:
CuSO4 · 3H2O
Colour:
Pale blue
Specific Gravity:
2.663
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in honor of Stefano A. Bonatti (24 May 1902, Turin, Italy – 23 April 1968, Pisa, Italy), petrologist, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
718
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:718:8
Similar Names
IMA Classification of Bonattite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Cu2+S6+O4·3H2O
First published:
1957
Classification of Bonattite
7.CB.10
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations
25.2.2
25 : Sulphates
2 : Sulphates of Cu and Ag
25 : Sulphates
2 : Sulphates of Cu and Ag
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Bon | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Bonattite
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Pale blue
Density:
2.663 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.68 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
Measured on synthetic material
Optical Data of Bonattite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.554 nβ = 1.577 nγ = 1.618
2V:
Measured: 71° to 79°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.064
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Moderate (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
none
Chemistry of Bonattite
Mindat Formula:
CuSO4 · 3H2O
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Bonattite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
m - Domatic
Space Group:
Bb
Setting:
Cc
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.592(5) Å, b = 13.029(10) Å, c = 7.341(6) Å
β = 97.1°
β = 97.1°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.429 : 1 : 0.563
Unit Cell V:
530.75 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Comment:
Space group from synthetic
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0009338 | Bonattite | Zahrobsky R F, Baur W H (1968) On the crystal chemistry of salt hydrates. V. The determination of the crystal structure of CuSO4*3H2O (bonattite) Acta Crystallographica B24 508-513 |  | 1968 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.40 Å | (100) |
| 3.24 Å | (67) |
| 5.09 Å | (65) |
| 3.65 Å | (54) |
| 3.42 Å | (50) |
| 2.814 Å | (43) |
| 3.00 Å | (39) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 45b : [Other oxidized fumarolic minerals] | |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47b : [Sulfates and sulfites] |
Type Occurrence of Bonattite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Concretions composed of minute individuals
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
University of Florence, Florence, Italy, 1973/I.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Secondary mineral in a pyrite deposit.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Other Language Names for Bonattite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 2 photos of Bonattite associated with Metavoltine | K2Na6Fe2+Fe3+6O2(SO4)12 · 18H2O |
| 1 photo of Bonattite associated with Aluminocopiapite | Al2/3Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O |
| 1 photo of Bonattite associated with Pickeringite | MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 1 photo of Bonattite associated with Poitevinite | (Cu,Fe)SO4 · H2O |
| 1 photo of Bonattite associated with Caracolite | Na3Pb2(SO4)3Cl |
| 1 photo of Bonattite associated with Boyleite | ZnSO4 · 4H2O |
| 1 photo of Bonattite associated with Piypite | K4Cu4O2(SO4)4 · (Na,Cu)Cl |
| 1 photo of Bonattite associated with Dolerophanite | Cu2(SO4)O |
| 1 photo of Bonattite associated with Euchlorine | KNaCu3(SO4)3O |
| 1 photo of Bonattite associated with Khademite | Al(SO4)F · 5H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 7.CB. | Sarvodaite | Al2(SO4)3 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.02 | Voudourisite | CdSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Szmikite | MnSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Szomolnokite | FeSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Cobaltkieserite | CoSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Dwornikite | Ni(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Kieserite | MgSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Poitevinite | (Cu,Fe)SO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Gunningite | ZnSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.07 | Sanderite | MgSO4 · 2H2O |
| 7.CB.12 | Belogubite | CuZn(SO4)2 · 10H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Drobecite | CdSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Aplowite | CoSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Cranswickite | MgSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Rozenite | FeSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Starkeyite | MgSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Ilesite | Mn2+(SO4) · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Boyleite | ZnSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.20 | Siderotil | FeSO4 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.20 | Jôkokuite | MnSO4 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.20 | Pentahydrite | MgSO4 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.20 | Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.25 | Chvaleticeite | Mn2+(H2O)6(SO4) |
| 7.CB.25 | Nickelhexahydrite | Ni2+(H2O)6(SO4) |
| 7.CB.25 | Hexahydrite | Mg(H2O)6(SO4) |
| 7.CB.25 | Bianchite | Zn(H2O)6(SO4) |
| 7.CB.25 | Moorhouseite | Co2+(H2O)6(SO4) |
| 7.CB.25 | Ferrohexahydrite | Fe2+(H2O)6(SO4) |
| 7.CB.30 | Retgersite | NiSO4 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Zincmelanterite | Zn(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Melanterite | Fe2+(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Alpersite | (Mg,Cu2+)(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Bieberite | Co2+(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Boothite | Cu2+(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Mallardite | Mn2+(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.40 | Epsomite | MgSO4 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.40 | Goslarite | ZnSO4 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.40 | Morenosite | NiSO4 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.45 | Meta-alunogen | Al2(SO4)3 · 12H2O |
| 7.CB.45 | Alunogen | Al2(SO4)3 · 17H2O |
| 7.CB.50 | Aluminocoquimbite | Al2Fe2(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.50 | Lazaridisite | Cd3(SO4)3 · 8H2O |
| 7.CB.52 | Pararaisaite | CuMg[Te6+O4(OH)2] · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.55 | Paracoquimbite | Fe4(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.55 | Rhomboclase | (H5O2)Fe3+(SO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 7.CB.55 | Raisaite | CuMg[Te6+O4(OH)2] · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.55 | Coquimbite | AlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.57 | 'Caichengyunite' | Fe2+3Al2(SO4)6 · 30H2O |
| 7.CB.60 | Kornelite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.65 | Quenstedtite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 11H2O |
| 7.CB.70 | Lausenite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.75 | Römerite | Fe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 14H2O |
| 7.CB.75 | Lishizhenite | ZnFe2(SO4)4 · 14H2O |
| 7.CB.80 | Ransomite | CuFe2(SO4)4 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Dietrichite | ZnAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Halotrichite | Fe2+Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Apjohnite | Mn2+Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Redingtonite | Fe2+Cr3+2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Pickeringite | MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Bílinite | Fe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Wupatkiite | Co2+Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.90 | Meridianiite | MgSO4 · 11H2O |
Other Information
Special Storage/
Display Requirements:
Display Requirements:
Water-soluble.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Bonattite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-718.html
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References for Bonattite
Reference List:
Fleischer, Michael; Mandarino, J. A.; Servos, Kurt; Toulmin, Priestley, III (1962) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 47 (9-10). 1216-1223
Zahrobsky, Robert, Baur, Werner H. (1965) The crystal structure of copper(II) sulfate trihydrate. Die Naturwissenschaften, 52 (13). 389 doi:10.1007/bf00621416
Zahrobsky, R. F.; Baur, W. H. (1968) On the crystal chemistry of salt hydrates. V. The determination of the crystal structure of CuSO4.3H2O (bonattite). Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry, 24 (4). 508-513 doi:10.1107/s0567740868002748
Ibrahim, Mukaila A., Boeré, René T. (2022) The copper sulfate hydration cycle. Crystal structures of CuSO4 (Chalcocyanite), CuSO4·H2O (Poitevinite), CuSO4·3H2O (Bonattite) and CuSO4·5H2O (Chalcanthite) at low temperature using non-spherical atomic scattering factors. New Journal of Chemistry, 46 (12) 5479-5488 doi:10.1039/d2nj00169a
Localities for Bonattite
Showing 31 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Harris et al. (2003) |
Bulgaria | |
| Atanassova et al. (2009) |
Canada | |
| Jambor (1962) |
Chile | |
| Samples analysed by Dr. Jochen Schluter |
| samples analysed by Gerhard Moehn. |
China | |
| Chunqi Wen et al. (2002) |
Fiji | |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... |
Germany | |
| Schnorrer (2000) |
Greece | |
| Rieck et al. (2018) |
Hungary | |
| Mecsek-Oko |
Iran | |
| Khorasanipour et al. (2011) |
Italy | |
| Carbone et al. (2002) |
| Fernando Caboni et al. (2024) |
| Fernando Caboni et al. (2024) | |
| Ciriotti M.E. and Blass.G. (2010) |
| C.L. Garavelli (1957) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Furnes et al. (2019) |
Norway | |
| Rune S. Selbekk (2010) |
Russia | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Bortnikova et al. (2017) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| D. Krinov data |
| Kasatkin et al. (2014) |
Spain | |
| Valente et al. (2013) |
| Valente et al. (2013) | |
| Joan Abella i Creus (Joanabellacreus@gmail.com) |
Switzerland | |
| Ansermet (2012) |
USA | |
| Grant et al. (2005) |
| Brian Beck Collected |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Kilburn et al. (1996) |
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Steamboat Hot Springs, Steamboat Springs Mining District, Washoe County, Nevada, USA