Bianchite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Bianchite
Angelo Bianchi
Formula:
Zn(H2O)6(SO4)
Colour:
White, Yellowish; colourless in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
2½
Specific Gravity:
2.03 - 2.07
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1930 by C. Andeatta in honor of Angelo Bianchi (20 December 1892, Casalpusterlengo, Italy - 24 September 1970, Padova, Italy), Italian mineralogist at the National Research Council (CNR) and the University of Padova.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
660
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:660:2
Similar Names
| Branchite | A valid IMA mineral species | C20H34 |
IMA Classification of Bianchite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Zn2+S6+O4·6H2O
Classification of Bianchite
7.CB.25
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations
29.6.8.2
29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
6 : AXO4·xH2O
29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
6 : AXO4·xH2O
25.5.13
25 : Sulphates
5 : Sulphates of Zn and Hg
25 : Sulphates
5 : Sulphates of Zn and Hg
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Bnc | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Bianchite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
White, Yellowish; colourless in transmitted light.
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale
Density:
2.03 - 2.07 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.00 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Bianchite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.465 nβ = 1.494 nγ = 1.495
2V:
Measured: 10° , Calculated: 20°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.030
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r > v weak
Optical Extinction:
Y = b; X ∧ c = –26°.
Chemistry of Bianchite
Mindat Formula:
Zn(H2O)6(SO4)
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Bianchite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P2/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.09 Å, b = 7.2 Å, c = 24.49 Å
β = 98.27°
β = 98.27°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.401 : 1 : 3.401
Unit Cell V:
1,760.65 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Crusts of indistinct crystals. Artificial crystals are tabular {001} with {110} and {112} prominent.
Twinning:
On {001} (common in artificial material).
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0019606 | Bianchite | Anderson J L, Peterson R C, Swainson I (2012) The atomic structure of deuterated boyleite ZnSO4*4D2O, ilesite MnSO4*4D2O, and bianchite ZnSO4*6D2O American Mineralogist 97 1905-1914 | 2012 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
| 0018487 | Bianchite | Spiess M, Gruehn R (1979) Zur thermischen Dehydratisierung des ZnSO4*7H2O und zum Hochtemperaturverhalten von wasserfreiem ZnSO4 Zeitschrift fur Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie 456 222-240 | 1979 | synthetic, made by dehydration of ZnSO4*7H2O | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.42 Å | (100) |
| 4.03 Å | (90) |
| 2.965 Å | (80) |
| 2.911 Å | (80) |
| 5.47 Å | (70) |
| 3.61 Å | (60) |
| 5.85 Å | (50) |
Comments:
Boleslaw, Poland. ICDD 12-16.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47b : [Sulfates and sulfites] | |
| Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
| 55 : Anthropogenic mine minerals |
Geological Setting:
Post mining mineral, alteration of sulfides.
Type Occurrence of Bianchite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Istituto di Mineralogia e Petrografia dell’Università, Padova, Italy, number 1039/1774.
Other Language Names for Bianchite
Relationship of Bianchite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Hexahydrite Group:
| Chvaleticeite | Mn2+(H2O)6(SO4) | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Ferrohexahydrite | Fe2+(H2O)6(SO4) | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Hexahydrite | Mg(H2O)6(SO4) | Mon. 2/m : P2/m |
| Moorhouseite | Co2+(H2O)6(SO4) | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Nickelhexahydrite | Ni2+(H2O)6(SO4) | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 1 photo of Bianchite associated with Greenockite | CdS |
| 1 photo of Bianchite associated with Sphalerite | ZnS |
| 1 photo of Bianchite associated with Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| 1 photo of Bianchite associated with Ktenasite | ZnCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 6H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 7.CB. | Sarvodaite | Al2(SO4)3 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.02 | Voudourisite | CdSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Szmikite | MnSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Szomolnokite | FeSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Cobaltkieserite | CoSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Dwornikite | Ni(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Kieserite | MgSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Poitevinite | (Cu,Fe)SO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Gunningite | ZnSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.07 | Sanderite | MgSO4 · 2H2O |
| 7.CB.10 | Bonattite | CuSO4 · 3H2O |
| 7.CB.12 | Belogubite | CuZn(SO4)2 · 10H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Drobecite | CdSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Aplowite | CoSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Cranswickite | MgSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Rozenite | FeSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Starkeyite | MgSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Ilesite | Mn2+(SO4) · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Boyleite | ZnSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.20 | Siderotil | FeSO4 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.20 | Jôkokuite | MnSO4 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.20 | Pentahydrite | MgSO4 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.20 | Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.25 | Chvaleticeite | Mn2+(H2O)6(SO4) |
| 7.CB.25 | Nickelhexahydrite | Ni2+(H2O)6(SO4) |
| 7.CB.25 | Hexahydrite | Mg(H2O)6(SO4) |
| 7.CB.25 | Moorhouseite | Co2+(H2O)6(SO4) |
| 7.CB.25 | Ferrohexahydrite | Fe2+(H2O)6(SO4) |
| 7.CB.30 | Retgersite | NiSO4 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Zincmelanterite | Zn(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Melanterite | Fe2+(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Alpersite | (Mg,Cu2+)(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Bieberite | Co2+(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Boothite | Cu2+(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Mallardite | Mn2+(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.40 | Epsomite | MgSO4 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.40 | Goslarite | ZnSO4 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.40 | Morenosite | NiSO4 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.45 | Meta-alunogen | Al2(SO4)3 · 12H2O |
| 7.CB.45 | Alunogen | Al2(SO4)3 · 17H2O |
| 7.CB.50 | Aluminocoquimbite | Al2Fe2(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.50 | Lazaridisite | Cd3(SO4)3 · 8H2O |
| 7.CB.52 | Pararaisaite | CuMg[Te6+O4(OH)2] · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.55 | Paracoquimbite | Fe4(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.55 | Rhomboclase | (H5O2)Fe3+(SO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 7.CB.55 | Raisaite | CuMg[Te6+O4(OH)2] · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.55 | Coquimbite | AlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.57 | 'Caichengyunite' | Fe2+3Al2(SO4)6 · 30H2O |
| 7.CB.60 | Kornelite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.65 | Quenstedtite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 11H2O |
| 7.CB.70 | Lausenite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.75 | Römerite | Fe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 14H2O |
| 7.CB.75 | Lishizhenite | ZnFe2(SO4)4 · 14H2O |
| 7.CB.80 | Ransomite | CuFe2(SO4)4 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Dietrichite | ZnAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Halotrichite | Fe2+Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Apjohnite | Mn2+Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Redingtonite | Fe2+Cr3+2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Pickeringite | MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Bílinite | Fe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Wupatkiite | Co2+Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.90 | Meridianiite | MgSO4 · 11H2O |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Bianchite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-660.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Bianchite
Reference List:
Bury, Charles R. (1924) The system zinc sulphate–water. J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 125. 2538-2541 doi:10.1039/ct9242502538
Spiess, M.; Gruehn, R. (1979) Beiträge zum thermischen Verhalten von Sulfaten. II. Zur thermischen Dehydratisierung des ZnSO4 · 7 H2O und zum Hochtemperaturverhalten von wasserfreiem ZnSO4. Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie, 456 (1). 222-240 doi:10.1002/zaac.19794560124
Chou, I-Ming, Seal, Robert R. (2005) Determination of goslarite–bianchite equilibria by the humidity-buffer technique at 0.1 MPa. Chemical Geology, 215 (1) 517-523 doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.06.047
Localities for Bianchite
Showing 55 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... |
| Ashley et al. (1999) |
| R Bottrrill |
Austria | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
Bolivia | |
| Joan Martinez-Bofill et al. (2021) |
Bulgaria | |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... |
Canada | |
| Anderson et al. (2012) |
| Rocks & Min 81:1 pp 24-32 |
| Gait et al. (1990) |
Cape Verde | |
| Silva et al. (2019) |
Finland | |
| I. Mikkola Collection |
Germany | |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Jambor et al. (1962) +1 other reference |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Schnorrer et al. (1998) |
| SEM-EDS and XRD by Joy Desor and ... |
Greece | |
| Gröbner (2001) |
| |
| Krause et al. (2006) |
| Triantafyllidis et al. (2007) |
Hungary | |
| Szakáll S. |
Italy (TL) | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Stara et al. (1996) |
| Fiori et al. (1999) |
| Forti P. (1985) | |
| Anderson et al. (2012) |
| Bazzoni C. et al. (2001) |
| Bazzoni et al. (2001) | |
Norway | |
| Raade (1970) +2 other references |
Pacific Ocean | |
| Friesen et al. (1995) |
Poland | |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... |
| Cabała et al. (2008) |
| Bril et al. (2008) |
Romania | |
| Buzatu et al. (2012) |
| Januszewska et al. (2023) |
Russia | |
| Bortnikova et al. (2017) |
| Shcherbakova (2004) |
| Zhdanov Yu.Ya. (1998) |
| Ерохин et al. (2008) |
| Kasatkin et al. (2014) |
Spain | |
| Rewitzer et al. (2023) |
Switzerland | |
| XRD Analyses by N. Meisser +1 other reference |
UK | |
| Palumbo-Roe et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
USA | |
| Graeme (1981) +1 other reference |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Adams (2017) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... | |
| Hendricks (1960) +2 other references |
| Rocks & Min.: 6:26 +4 other references |
| Dietrich (1990) |
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Jean Baptiste Mine, Kamariza Mines, Agios Konstantinos, Lavreotiki, East Attica, Attica, Greece