Kornelite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Kornelite
Formula:
Fe2(SO4)3 · 7H2O
Colour:
Pale rose pink to violet.
Lustre:
Silky
Specific Gravity:
2.306
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
For Kornel Hlavacsek (1835-1914), Hungarian mining engineer at the pyrite mines, Banska Stavnica, Slovakia.
Type Locality:
This page provides mineralogical data about Kornelite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2253
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2253:4
IMA Classification of Kornelite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Fe3+2(S6+O4)3·7H2O
First published:
1888
Type description reference:
Classification of Kornelite
7.CB.60
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations
29.8.2.1
29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
8 : A2(XO4)3·H2O
29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
8 : A2(XO4)3·H2O
25.10.8
25 : Sulphates
10 : Sulphates of Fe alone
25 : Sulphates
10 : Sulphates of Fe alone
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Knl | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Kornelite
Silky
Transparency:
Transparent
Comment:
If fibrous
Colour:
Pale rose pink to violet.
Streak:
White
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
On {100}
On {100}
Density:
2.306 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.254 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Kornelite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.572 nβ = 1.586 nγ = 1.64
2V:
Measured: 49° to 62°, Calculated: 56°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.068
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
very weak r>v
Chemistry of Kornelite
Mindat Formula:
Fe2(SO4)3 · 7H2O
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Kornelite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 14.3(1) Å, b = 20.12(2) Å, c = 5.425(4) Å
β = 96.8(1)°
β = 96.8(1)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.711 : 1 : 0.27
Unit Cell V:
1,549.88 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Crystals lath-like {010} and acicular [001]. Crusts, tufted aggregates, globular masses with a radial-fibrous structure.
Twinning:
Polysynthetic on {100}.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0000322 | Kornelite | Robinson P D, Fang J H (1973) Crystal structures and mineral chemistry of hydrated ferric sulphates. III. The crystal structure of kornelite American Mineralogist 58 535-539 |  | 1973 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 10.0 Å | (FFF) |
| 6.64 Å | (FF) |
| 4.67 Å | (FF) |
| 4.30 Å | (F) |
| 3.14 Å | (F) |
| 4.39 Å | (mF) |
| 3.50 Å | (mF) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47b : [Sulfates and sulfites] | |
| Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
| 55 : Anthropogenic mine minerals |
Type Occurrence of Kornelite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary. Type specimen destroyed 1956, topotypes remain.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Weathering product in a pyrite mine
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Other Language Names for Kornelite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 2 photos of Kornelite associated with Szomolnokite | FeSO4 · H2O |
| 2 photos of Kornelite associated with Copiapite | Fe2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O |
| 1 photo of Kornelite associated with Coquimbite | AlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| 1 photo of Kornelite associated with Paracoquimbite | Fe4(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| 1 photo of Kornelite associated with Jarosite | KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| 1 photo of Kornelite associated with Römerite | Fe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 14H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 7.CB. | Sarvodaite | Al2(SO4)3 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.02 | Voudourisite | CdSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Szmikite | MnSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Szomolnokite | FeSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Cobaltkieserite | CoSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Dwornikite | Ni(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Kieserite | MgSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Poitevinite | (Cu,Fe)SO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Gunningite | ZnSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.07 | Sanderite | MgSO4 · 2H2O |
| 7.CB.10 | Bonattite | CuSO4 · 3H2O |
| 7.CB.12 | Belogubite | CuZn(SO4)2 · 10H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Drobecite | CdSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Aplowite | CoSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Cranswickite | MgSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Rozenite | FeSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Starkeyite | MgSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Ilesite | Mn2+(SO4) · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Boyleite | ZnSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.20 | Siderotil | FeSO4 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.20 | Jôkokuite | MnSO4 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.20 | Pentahydrite | MgSO4 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.20 | Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.25 | Chvaleticeite | Mn2+(H2O)6(SO4) |
| 7.CB.25 | Nickelhexahydrite | Ni2+(H2O)6(SO4) |
| 7.CB.25 | Hexahydrite | Mg(H2O)6(SO4) |
| 7.CB.25 | Bianchite | Zn(H2O)6(SO4) |
| 7.CB.25 | Moorhouseite | Co2+(H2O)6(SO4) |
| 7.CB.25 | Ferrohexahydrite | Fe2+(H2O)6(SO4) |
| 7.CB.30 | Retgersite | NiSO4 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Zincmelanterite | Zn(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Melanterite | Fe2+(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Alpersite | (Mg,Cu2+)(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Bieberite | Co2+(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Boothite | Cu2+(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Mallardite | Mn2+(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.40 | Epsomite | MgSO4 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.40 | Goslarite | ZnSO4 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.40 | Morenosite | NiSO4 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.45 | Meta-alunogen | Al2(SO4)3 · 12H2O |
| 7.CB.45 | Alunogen | Al2(SO4)3 · 17H2O |
| 7.CB.50 | Aluminocoquimbite | Al2Fe2(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.50 | Lazaridisite | Cd3(SO4)3 · 8H2O |
| 7.CB.52 | Pararaisaite | CuMg[Te6+O4(OH)2] · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.55 | Paracoquimbite | Fe4(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.55 | Rhomboclase | (H5O2)Fe3+(SO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 7.CB.55 | Raisaite | CuMg[Te6+O4(OH)2] · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.55 | Coquimbite | AlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.57 | 'Caichengyunite' | Fe2+3Al2(SO4)6 · 30H2O |
| 7.CB.65 | Quenstedtite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 11H2O |
| 7.CB.70 | Lausenite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.75 | Römerite | Fe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 14H2O |
| 7.CB.75 | Lishizhenite | ZnFe2(SO4)4 · 14H2O |
| 7.CB.80 | Ransomite | CuFe2(SO4)4 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Dietrichite | ZnAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Halotrichite | Fe2+Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Apjohnite | Mn2+Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Redingtonite | Fe2+Cr3+2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Pickeringite | MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Bílinite | Fe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Wupatkiite | Co2+Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.90 | Meridianiite | MgSO4 · 11H2O |
Other Information
Notes:
Water soluble
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Kornelite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2253.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Kornelite
Reference List:
Posnjak, E.; Merwin, H. E. (1922) The system, Fe2O3—SO3—H2O. Journal Of The American Chemical Society, 44 (9). 1965-1994 doi:10.1021/ja01430a016
Larsen, E.S.; Berman, H. (1934) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. Bulletin of the US Geological Survey Vol. 848. US Geological Survey p.1-266. doi:10.3133/b848 p.107
Merwin, H. E., F.Posnjak, (1937) Sulphate incrustations in the Copper Queen Mine, Bisbee, Arizona. American Mineralogist, 22 (5) 567-571
Cesbron, Fabien (1964) Contribution à la Minéralogie des sulfates de fer hydratés. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 87 (2) 125-143 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1964.5721
Robinson, Paul D., Fang, and Jen H. (1973) Crystal structures and mineral chemistry of hydrated ferric sulphates. III. The crystal structure of kornelite. American Mineralogist, 58 (5-6) 535-539
Localities for Kornelite
Showing 30 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Sielecki (1988) |
| Sielecki (1988) | |
| R Bottrill |
Chile | |
| XRD and Wet Chemical by Gerhard Möhn |
China | |
| Liu et al. (2018) |
Germany | |
| Walenta (1992) |
Greece | |
| Rieck et al. (1999) |
| Rieck (n.d.) | |
| Rieck (n.d.) |
Iran | |
| Khorasanipour et al. (2011) |
Japan | |
| Miura et al. (1994) |
Slovakia (TL) | |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| Koděra (1990) | |
Spain | |
| Calvo (1999) |
USA | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Merwin et al. (1937) +3 other references |
| Pemberton (1983) +1 other reference |
| |
| Anthony et al. (2016) |
| Pemberton (1983) +1 other reference | |
| www.mineralsocal.org (1999) | |
| Hasenmueller et al. (2005, March) | |
| Cooper et al. (1986) |
| Majzlan et al. (2011) |
| Loan et al. (1959) +1 other reference |
| Min News 6:8 p3 |
| Schindler et al. (2003) | |
| Patrick Haynes. ID via the late Howard ... |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| Dietrich (1990) |
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