Voudourisite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Voudourisite
Professor Dr. Panagiotis Voudouris
Formula:
CdSO4 · H2O
Colour:
colorless
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
3
Specific Gravity:
3.80
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
The name is in honour of Professor Panagiotis Voudouris (b. 1962), Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, in recognition of his ground-breaking work on the Lavrion deposits.
Voudourisite is related to the kieserite group of minerals. It is the lower hydrate counterpart of drobecite and lazaridisite. Compare also Unnamed (Cd Sulphate).
The mineral formed through the oxidation of Pb-Zn ores (galena, sphalerite), and includes an assemblage of secondary Cd minerals. It was found at the type locality for niedermayrite.
The mineral formed through the oxidation of Pb-Zn ores (galena, sphalerite), and includes an assemblage of secondary Cd minerals. It was found at the type locality for niedermayrite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
43255
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:43255:1
IMA Classification of Voudourisite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Cd2+S6+O4·H2O
Approval year:
2012
First published:
2019
Classification of Voudourisite
7.CB.02
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Vou | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Voudourisite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Colorless
Streak:
White
Hardness:
3 on Mohs scale
Hardness Data:
Measured
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
3.80(5) g/cm3 (Measured) 3.693 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Voudourisite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.580(5) nβ = 1.624(5) nγ = 1.640(5)
2V:
Measured: 70° , Calculated: 61°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.060
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
n.o.
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic
Chemistry of Voudourisite
Mindat Formula:
CdSO4 · H2O
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Cu,Fe,Mg
Crystallography of Voudourisite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/m
Setting:
P21/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.633(1) Å, b = 7.458(1) Å, c = 6.623(1) Å
β = 115.41(1)°
β = 115.41(1)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.023 : 1 : 0.888
Unit Cell V:
391.97 ų
Z:
4
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Display Options
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
Stop | Start
Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M12059 | Voudourisite | Rieck, Branko, Lengauer, Christian L., Giester, Gerald (2019) Voudourisite, Cd(SO4)·H2O, and lazaridisite, Cd3(SO4)3·8H2O, two new minerals from the Lavrion Mining District, Greece. Mineralogical Magazine, 83 (4) 551-559 doi:10.1180/mgm.2018.157 | 2019 | Esperanza Mine, Attica, Greece | 0 | 296 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 6.460 Å | (3) |
| 5.066 Å | (10) |
| 4.881 Å | (65) |
| 4.075 Å | (2) |
| 3.729 Å | (26) |
| 3.574 Å | (100) |
| 3.448 Å | (3) |
| 3.388 Å | (5) |
| 3.279 Å | (14) |
| 3.226 Å | (44) |
| 3.128 Å | (13) |
| 2.961 Å | (4) |
| 2.753 Å | (3) |
| 2.663 Å | (1) |
| 2.531 Å | (32) |
| 2.504 Å | (1) |
| 2.440 Å | (8) |
| 2.397 Å | (29) |
| 2.319 Å | (16) |
| 2.166 Å | (2) |
| 2.150 Å | (2) |
| 2.122 Å | (13) |
| 2.091 Å | (6) |
| 2.066 Å | (10) |
| 2.038 Å | (5) |
| 2.015 Å | (3) |
| 1.964 Å | (4) |
| 1.943 Å | (3) |
| 1.900 Å | (4) |
| 1.879 Å | (5) |
| 1.863 Å | (4) |
| 1.842 Å | (6) |
| 1.814 Å | (1) |
| 1.787 Å | (5) |
| 1.772 Å | (6) |
| 1.722 Å | (5) |
| 1.693 Å | (6) |
| 1.676 Å | (3) |
| 1.640 Å | (6) |
| 1.625 Å | (6) |
| 1.612 Å | (2) |
| 1.575 Å | (2) |
| 1.563 Å | (5) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47b : [Sulfates and sulfites] | |
| Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
| 50 : Coal and/or oil shale minerals | <0.36 |
| Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
| 54 : Coal and other mine fire minerals (see also #51 and #56) |
Type Occurrence of Voudourisite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Glassy colourless grains on open surfaces.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Type material is deposited in the collections of the Institut für Mineralogie und Kristallographie, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Wien, Austria, catalogue number HS13.077.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Weathering of the primary cadmium sulfides hawleyite and greenockite.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Voudourisite
Other Language Names for Voudourisite
Dutch:Voudourisiet
German:Voudourisit
Relationship of Voudourisite to other Species
Structurally related to group(s):
| Kieserite Group | M2+SO4 · H2O |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 1 photo of Voudourisite associated with Niedermayrite | CdCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 7.CB. | Sarvodaite | Al2(SO4)3 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Szmikite | MnSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Szomolnokite | FeSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Cobaltkieserite | CoSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Dwornikite | Ni(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Kieserite | MgSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Poitevinite | (Cu,Fe)SO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Gunningite | ZnSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.07 | Sanderite | MgSO4 · 2H2O |
| 7.CB.10 | Bonattite | CuSO4 · 3H2O |
| 7.CB.12 | Belogubite | CuZn(SO4)2 · 10H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Drobecite | CdSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Aplowite | CoSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Cranswickite | MgSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Rozenite | FeSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Starkeyite | MgSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Ilesite | Mn2+(SO4) · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Boyleite | ZnSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.20 | Siderotil | FeSO4 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.20 | Jôkokuite | MnSO4 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.20 | Pentahydrite | MgSO4 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.20 | Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.25 | Chvaleticeite | Mn2+(H2O)6(SO4) |
| 7.CB.25 | Nickelhexahydrite | Ni2+(H2O)6(SO4) |
| 7.CB.25 | Hexahydrite | Mg(H2O)6(SO4) |
| 7.CB.25 | Bianchite | Zn(H2O)6(SO4) |
| 7.CB.25 | Moorhouseite | Co2+(H2O)6(SO4) |
| 7.CB.25 | Ferrohexahydrite | Fe2+(H2O)6(SO4) |
| 7.CB.30 | Retgersite | NiSO4 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Zincmelanterite | Zn(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Melanterite | Fe2+(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Alpersite | (Mg,Cu2+)(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Bieberite | Co2+(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Boothite | Cu2+(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Mallardite | Mn2+(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.40 | Epsomite | MgSO4 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.40 | Goslarite | ZnSO4 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.40 | Morenosite | NiSO4 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.45 | Meta-alunogen | Al2(SO4)3 · 12H2O |
| 7.CB.45 | Alunogen | Al2(SO4)3 · 17H2O |
| 7.CB.50 | Aluminocoquimbite | Al2Fe2(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.50 | Lazaridisite | Cd3(SO4)3 · 8H2O |
| 7.CB.52 | Pararaisaite | CuMg[Te6+O4(OH)2] · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.55 | Paracoquimbite | Fe4(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.55 | Rhomboclase | (H5O2)Fe3+(SO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 7.CB.55 | Raisaite | CuMg[Te6+O4(OH)2] · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.55 | Coquimbite | AlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.57 | 'Caichengyunite' | Fe2+3Al2(SO4)6 · 30H2O |
| 7.CB.60 | Kornelite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.65 | Quenstedtite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 11H2O |
| 7.CB.70 | Lausenite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.75 | Römerite | Fe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 14H2O |
| 7.CB.75 | Lishizhenite | ZnFe2(SO4)4 · 14H2O |
| 7.CB.80 | Ransomite | CuFe2(SO4)4 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Dietrichite | ZnAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Halotrichite | Fe2+Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Apjohnite | Mn2+Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Redingtonite | Fe2+Cr3+2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Pickeringite | MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Bílinite | Fe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Wupatkiite | Co2+Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.90 | Meridianiite | MgSO4 · 11H2O |
Fluorescence of Voudourisite
None
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Voudourisite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-43255.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Voudourisite
Reference List:
Williams, P. A., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2012) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2012. CNMNC Newsletter No 14. Mineralogical Magazine, 76 (5) 1281-1288 doi:10.1180/minmag.2012.076.5.15
Theppitak, Chatphorn; Chainok, Kittipong (2015) Crystal structure of CdSO4(H2O): a redetermination. Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications, 71 (10). i8-i9 doi:10.1107/s2056989015016904
Localities for Voudourisite
Showing 4 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Bolivia | |
| SEM-EDS & P-XRD confirmed by Joy Desor +1 other reference |
Czech Republic | |
| Sejkora et al. (1998) |
Greece (TL) | |
| Williams et al. (2012) +2 other references |
| Branko Rieck (2012) |
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Berenguela mining district, José Manuel Pando Province, La Paz, Bolivia