Hexahydrite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
About Hexahydrite
Formula:
Mg(H2O)6(SO4)
Colour:
Colourless, white, pale greenish white; colourless in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Pearly, Dull, Earthy
Hardness:
2 - 2½
Specific Gravity:
1.757
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1911 by Robert Angus Alister Johnston in allusion to its composition, having six (HEXA-) molecules of water (HYDR-) in its formula.
Hexahydrite Group.
May dehydrate to starkeyite (Chou, 2005).
A supposed polymorph reported by Maynard-Casely et al. (2021) was shown by Fortes and Meusburger (2022) to have an incorrect formula.
May dehydrate to starkeyite (Chou, 2005).
A supposed polymorph reported by Maynard-Casely et al. (2021) was shown by Fortes and Meusburger (2022) to have an incorrect formula.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1891
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1891:9
Similar Names
| Hexahedrite | A meteorite subtype |
IMA Classification of Hexahydrite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
MgS6+O4·6H2O
First published:
1911
Classification of Hexahydrite
7.CB.25
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations
29.6.8.1
29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
6 : AXO4·xH2O
29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
6 : AXO4·xH2O
25.3.5
25 : Sulphates
3 : Sulphates of Mg
25 : Sulphates
3 : Sulphates of Mg
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Hhy | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Pronunciation of Hexahydrite
Pronunciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Hexahydrite
Sub-Vitreous, Pearly, Dull, Earthy
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Colourless, white, pale greenish white; colourless in transmitted light.
Streak:
White
Hardness:
2 - 2½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
On {100}, perfect.
On {100}, perfect.
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
1.757 g/cm3 (Measured) 1.745 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Hexahydrite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.426 nβ = 1.453 nγ = 1.456
2V:
Measured: 38° , Calculated: 36°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.030
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
High (negative)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
none
Optical Extinction:
Y = b; X ∧ c = 25°.
Chemistry of Hexahydrite
Mindat Formula:
Mg(H2O)6(SO4)
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Hexahydrite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P2/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 24.44 Å, b = 7.21 Å, c = 10.11 Å
β = 98.28°
β = 98.28°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 3.39 : 1 : 1.402
Unit Cell V:
1,762.94 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Good crystals rare; sometimes thick tabular {001}. Also coarse columnar to delicately fibrous to acicular.
Twinning:
1. On {001}; 2. on {110}.
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Display Options
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
Stop | Start
Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0009280 | Hexahydrite | Zalkin A, Ruben H, Templeton D H (1964) The crystal structure and hydrogen bonding of magnesium sulfate hexahydrate Acta Crystallographica 17 235-240 |  | 1964 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Loading XRD data...
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 5.45 Å | (50) |
| 5.10 Å | (45) |
| 4.88 Å | (30) |
| 4.39 Å | (100) |
| 4.16 Å | (35) |
| 4.04 Å | (45) |
| 2.94 Å | (30) |
Comments:
ICDD 24-719
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation and alteration | 4.566-4.550 |
| 6 : Secondary asteroid phases | 4.566-4.560 |
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 21 : Chemically precipitated carbonate, phosphate, iron formations | |
| 25 : Evaporites (prebiotic) | |
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 45b : [Other oxidized fumarolic minerals] | |
| Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
| 49 : Oxic cellular biomineralization (see also #44) | <0.54 |
| 50 : Coal and/or oil shale minerals | <0.36 |
| Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
| 54 : Coal and other mine fire minerals (see also #51 and #56) | |
| 55 : Anthropogenic mine minerals |
Type Occurrence of Hexahydrite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Seams (to about 1 cm thick) and scattered patches in altered rock. A somewhat coarse columnar structure or sometimes delictae fibrous. No distinct crystals observed.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
No designated type specimen.
Other Language Names for Hexahydrite
Relationship of Hexahydrite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Hexahydrite Group:
| Bianchite | Zn(H2O)6(SO4) | Mon. 2/m : P2/m |
| Chvaleticeite | Mn2+(H2O)6(SO4) | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Ferrohexahydrite | Fe2+(H2O)6(SO4) | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Moorhouseite | Co2+(H2O)6(SO4) | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Nickelhexahydrite | Ni2+(H2O)6(SO4) | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 7 photos of Hexahydrite associated with Epsomite | MgSO4 · 7H2O |
| 6 photos of Hexahydrite associated with Betpakdalite-NaCa | [Na2(H2O)17Ca(H2O)6][Mo6+8As5+2Fe3+3O34(OH)3] |
| 6 photos of Hexahydrite associated with Bandylite | Cu[B(OH)4]Cl |
| 6 photos of Hexahydrite associated with Blödite | Na2Mg(SO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 6 photos of Hexahydrite associated with Nitratine | NaNO3 |
| 5 photos of Hexahydrite associated with Pickeringite | MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 4 photos of Hexahydrite associated with Native Sulphur | S8 |
| 4 photos of Hexahydrite associated with Aubertite | CuAl(SO4)2Cl · 14H2O |
| 3 photos of Hexahydrite associated with Metavoltine | K2Na6Fe2+Fe3+6O2(SO4)12 · 18H2O |
| 2 photos of Hexahydrite associated with Alunogen | Al2(SO4)3 · 17H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 7.CB. | Sarvodaite | Al2(SO4)3 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.02 | Voudourisite | CdSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Szmikite | MnSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Szomolnokite | FeSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Cobaltkieserite | CoSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Dwornikite | Ni(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Kieserite | MgSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Poitevinite | (Cu,Fe)SO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.05 | Gunningite | ZnSO4 · H2O |
| 7.CB.07 | Sanderite | MgSO4 · 2H2O |
| 7.CB.10 | Bonattite | CuSO4 · 3H2O |
| 7.CB.12 | Belogubite | CuZn(SO4)2 · 10H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Drobecite | CdSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Aplowite | CoSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Cranswickite | MgSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Rozenite | FeSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Starkeyite | MgSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Ilesite | Mn2+(SO4) · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.15 | Boyleite | ZnSO4 · 4H2O |
| 7.CB.20 | Siderotil | FeSO4 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.20 | Jôkokuite | MnSO4 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.20 | Pentahydrite | MgSO4 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.20 | Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.25 | Chvaleticeite | Mn2+(H2O)6(SO4) |
| 7.CB.25 | Nickelhexahydrite | Ni2+(H2O)6(SO4) |
| 7.CB.25 | Bianchite | Zn(H2O)6(SO4) |
| 7.CB.25 | Moorhouseite | Co2+(H2O)6(SO4) |
| 7.CB.25 | Ferrohexahydrite | Fe2+(H2O)6(SO4) |
| 7.CB.30 | Retgersite | NiSO4 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Zincmelanterite | Zn(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Melanterite | Fe2+(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Alpersite | (Mg,Cu2+)(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Bieberite | Co2+(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Boothite | Cu2+(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.35 | Mallardite | Mn2+(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.CB.40 | Epsomite | MgSO4 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.40 | Goslarite | ZnSO4 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.40 | Morenosite | NiSO4 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.45 | Meta-alunogen | Al2(SO4)3 · 12H2O |
| 7.CB.45 | Alunogen | Al2(SO4)3 · 17H2O |
| 7.CB.50 | Aluminocoquimbite | Al2Fe2(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.50 | Lazaridisite | Cd3(SO4)3 · 8H2O |
| 7.CB.52 | Pararaisaite | CuMg[Te6+O4(OH)2] · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.55 | Paracoquimbite | Fe4(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.55 | Rhomboclase | (H5O2)Fe3+(SO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 7.CB.55 | Raisaite | CuMg[Te6+O4(OH)2] · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.55 | Coquimbite | AlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.57 | 'Caichengyunite' | Fe2+3Al2(SO4)6 · 30H2O |
| 7.CB.60 | Kornelite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 7H2O |
| 7.CB.65 | Quenstedtite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 11H2O |
| 7.CB.70 | Lausenite | Fe2(SO4)3 · 5H2O |
| 7.CB.75 | Römerite | Fe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 14H2O |
| 7.CB.75 | Lishizhenite | ZnFe2(SO4)4 · 14H2O |
| 7.CB.80 | Ransomite | CuFe2(SO4)4 · 6H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Dietrichite | ZnAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Halotrichite | Fe2+Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Apjohnite | Mn2+Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Redingtonite | Fe2+Cr3+2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Pickeringite | MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Bílinite | Fe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.85 | Wupatkiite | Co2+Al2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 7.CB.90 | Meridianiite | MgSO4 · 11H2O |
Fluorescence of Hexahydrite
Fluoresces and phosphoresces dull cream white (Sterling Mine, Ogdensburg, NJ, USA).
Other Information
Thermal Behaviour:
Heated in a closed tube it yields a large amount of water of neutral pH. Before the blowpipe, on charcoal, it swells and emits bubbles of vapour, but does not melt; and leaves an infusible mass, of neutral pH. When moistened with a solution of cobalt nitrate and reignited the mass becomes pink.
Notes:
Dissolves readily in cold water, giving a clear solution with a bitter salty taste. Adding ammonium chloride, this solution does not give a precipitate, but when a solution of sodium phosphate is added to the ammoniacal solution, a large amount of white precipitate of ammonium-magnesium phosphate is produced. Adding HCl and barium chloride to the starting aqueous solution produces abundant white precipitate of barium sulphate.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Hexahydrite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1891.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Hexahydrite
Reference List:
Spencer, L. J. (1913) A (sixth) list of new mineral names. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 16 (77) 352-378 doi:10.1180/minmag.1913.016.77.09
Robson, Homer Louis (1927) The system MgSO4·H2O from 68 to 240°. Journal Of The American Chemical Society, 49 (11). 2772-2783 doi:10.1021/ja01410a016
Zalkin, A., Ruben, H., Templeton, D. H. (1964) The crystal structure and hydrogen bonding of magnesium sulfate hexahydrate. Acta Crystallographica, 17 (3) 235-240 doi:10.1107/s0365110x64000603
Nawaz, R. (1973) Nickel-hexahydrite from Tasmania, Australia. Mineralogical Magazine, 39 (302) 246-247 doi:10.1180/minmag.1973.039.302.15
Mitchell, Richard S. (1978) Minerals Which Alternate with the Seasons. Rocks & Minerals, 53 (4) 174-175 doi:10.1080/00357529.1978.11762746
Hon, Ken, Orr, Tim (2011) Hydrothermal hexahydrite spherules erupted during the 2008–2010 summit eruption of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai`i. Bulletin of Volcanology, 73 (9). 1369-1375 doi:10.1007/s00445-011-0484-x
Lopez-Reyes, G., Sobron, P., Lefebvre, C., Rull, F. (2014) Multivariate analysis of Raman spectra for the identification of sulfates: Implications for ExoMars. American Mineralogist, 99 (8) 1570-1579 doi:10.2138/am.2014.4724
Localities for Hexahydrite
Showing 326 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Antarctica | |
| Watanuki/ Torii/ Nishiyama/ Morikawa |
| Barczuk A. & Tatur A. 2003: BIOGENIC ... |
| Barczuk et al. (2003) | |
Argentina | |
| Márquez-Zavalía et al. (1995) +1 other reference |
| Peterson (2011) |
| Bengochea et al. (1998) |
Australia | |
| Ashley et al. (1999) |
| Red River Resources |
| Sielecki (1988) +1 other reference |
| Sielecki (1988) | |
| Harris et al. (2003) |
| Rob Fitzpatrick et al. (2010) |
| Raven et al. (2010, August) |
| Mark Raven |
| De Waele et al. (2026) |
| Wilson et al. (2014) |
| Mills et al. (2010) | |
Austria | |
| Götzinger et al. (2009) |
| Mörtl (2002) |
| Niedermayr et al. (2007) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Bojar (2007) |
| Postl et al. (2014) |
| Postl et al. (2019) |
| Taucher (1996) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Meixner (1977) +1 other reference |
| Kolitsch et al. (2006) |
| Exel (1993) |
Belgium | |
| Hatert et al. (2002) |
Brazil | |
| Silva et al. (2021) |
Bulgaria | |
| Младенова et al. (2007) |
Canada | |
| Kohut et al. (1993) | |
| Renaut et al. (1994) |
| Peatfield (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Peatfield (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Peatfield (n.d.) +2 other references | |
| |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| Geological Association of Canada (2014) |
| Battler et al. (2013) |
| Rocks & Min 81:1 pp 24-32 | |
| Zodrow (1989) |
| Gait et al. (1990) |
| Sabina (1974) |
| Sabina (1983) |
| Sabina (2003) |
| Sabina (1983) |
| Last (1990) |
| Greengrass et al. (1999) | |
| Robinson et al. (1992) |
| 150-152. +2 other references | |
| Sabina (1973) |
Chile | |
| Gerhard Möhn collection |
| Collao et al. (2002) |
| Samples analysed by Tony Kampf of LAC ... +1 other reference |
| Kampf et al. (2013) | |
| Pueyo et al. (2021) +1 other reference |
| Cabestrero et al. (2022) | |
China | |
| Shaoxiu (1991) |
| Shaoxiu (1991) |
| Shaoxiu (1991) |
| Shaoxiu (1991) |
| Yang et al. (2016) |
| Bingxiao (1992) |
| Bingxiao (1992) |
| Kaiyin Bai and Zhaoxin Han (2007) |
Costa Rica | |
| Ulloa et al. (2018) |
Cyprus | |
| Ng +1 other reference |
Czech Republic | |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| Jirásek (2001) |
| Hloušek et al. (2002) |
| Sejkora et al. (2019) |
| Matýsek et al. (2023) |
| Matýsek et al. (2014) |
| Matýsek et al. (2014) |
| Matýsek et al. (2026) | |
| Jirásek et al. (2011) |
| Matýsek et al. (2022) |
| Matýsek et al. (2022) | |
| Matýsek D. (1999) |
| Matýsek et al. (2024) |
| Hofmanovi P. a R.: Příspěvek k ... |
| Dokoupilova P. |
| Hršelová et al. (2013) | |
| Petr Němeček (2007) |
| Kruťa T. (1944) +1 other reference |
| Petr Pauliš |
Egypt | |
| |
El Salvador | |
| Stoiber et al. (1974) |
France | |
| R. Pierrot |
| R. Pierrot |
| Naze-Nancy Masalehdani et al. (2009) |
| Steven M. Richardson (1978) +1 other reference |
Germany | |
| Gerstenberg (n.d.) |
| Klaus Arnold Collection. Identified by ... |
| |
| Schnorrer (2000) +1 other reference |
| Blass et al. (1996) +1 other reference |
| Košek (2018) | |
| Blaß et al. (1995) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Brockt et al. (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Witzke (1992) |
| Witzke et al. (1998) |
| Witzke et al. (1998) |
| Hanneberg et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
| Liebeskind et al. (1992) |
Greece | |
| |
| |
| Rieck (n.d.) | |
| Blaß et al. (1998) |
| Wendel et al. (1999) | |
| Rieck (n.d.) | |
Greenland | |
| Petersen et al. (1993) |
Hungary | |
| Sándor et al. (2005) |
| Szakáll et al. (2008) |
| Koch (1985) |
| www.minerals- of-the- carpathians.eu (Editor:Szakáll) |
| Szakáll et al. (1997) |
| Szakáll et al. (1997) | |
| Szakáll et al. (1997) |
| Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya +1 other reference | |
| Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya +1 other reference | |
| Sándor et al. (2005) | |
| Szakáll et al. (1997) |
| HOM Collection 2005 |
| Sándor et al. (2005) | |
| Szakáll et al. (1997) +1 other reference |
| Szakáll et al. (1997) |
| Sándor et al. (2005) |
| Farkas et al. (2009) |
| Geoda - Journal of the Hungarian ... |
| Sándor et al. (2005) |
Iceland | |
| Balić-Žunić et al. (2016) |
| Balić-Žunić et al. (2025) |
India | |
| Equeenuddin (2015) |
Iran | |
| Khorasanipour (2015) |
Italy | |
| D'Angeli et al. (2018) |
| Scacchetti et al. (2023) |
| Galliano et al. (2022) +1 other reference |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| De Michele (1974) |
| D'Angeli et al. (2018) |
| Conticini F. et al. (1980) +1 other reference |
| C.L. Garavelli (1957) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Sabelli et al. (1984) |
| D'Angeli et al. (2018) |
Japan | |
| Seki et al. (1987) |
| Nambu et al (1980) |
| SHIMOBAYASHI et al. (2011) |
Kenya | |
| Bowell et al. (1996) |
Mexico | |
| Gazquez et al. (1) |
| |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| Yta et al. (2005) |
Morocco | |
| Weiß (2006) |
Namibia | |
| Dill et al. (2002) |
Nicaragua | |
| Hynek et al. (2013) |
North Macedonia | |
| Alois Lechner collection (analysed by Günter Blass) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2018) |
Norway | |
| Neumann (1985) |
| Neumann (1985) |
| Garmo (1974) +1 other reference |
| Raade (1989) |
| Raade (1973) +2 other references |
| Neumann (1985) |
| Raade et al. (1990) |
| Witsø (1994) +1 other reference |
| Jørgensen et al. (2001) |
| Jørgensen et al. (2001) |
| Raade (1989) |
| Ellingsen (1989) |
Peru | |
| Diaby et al. (2006) |
Poland | |
| powder rtg. 2007 |
| Cabała et al. (2008) |
| Ciesielczukk |
| Stepisiewicz (1983) |
| Lukasz Kruszewski 2005: Minerals arising in cause of underground fires of "Skalny" coal mine dump in Laziska (unpublished) +1 other reference |
| Kruszewski (2013) |
| Kruszewski (2013) |
| Bril et al. (2008) |
| Kruszewski (2013) | |
| Ł. Kruszewski PXRD data (to be published soon) |
| Kruszewski et al. (2018) |
Portugal | |
| Joana Ribeiro et al. (2013) |
| Álvarez-Valero et al. (2008) |
| Oliveira et al. (2024) |
Romania | |
| Apopei et al. (2014) |
| Januszewska et al. (2023) |
| A. Januszewska PXRD data / Januszewska et al. (in preparation) | |
Russia | |
| Cesnokov et al. (1998) |
| [Der Aufschluss 1995:4 p163-180] +1 other reference |
| [Der Aufschluss 1995:4 p163-180] | |
| |
| Indolev L N et al. (1971) |
| Антонов (2003) |
| Kasatkin et al. (2014) |
Senegal | |
| Montoroi (1995) |
Slovakia | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Ďuďa (1993) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Števko M. et al. (2017) |
| Myšľan P. et al. (Slovenská republika) |
South Africa | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
South Korea | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov's analytical data |
Spain | |
| Rewitzer et al. (2020) |
| Schnorrer (2000) |
| Valente et al. (2013) |
| Valente et al. (2013) | |
| Valente et al. (2013) | |
| MinMag 67 (2) |
| Romero et al. (2006) +1 other reference |
| Vizcayno et al. (1995) |
| Fernando Gascón collection +1 other reference |
| Fernando Gascón collection | |
| Calvo Rebollar (2018) |
| Campeny et al. (2023) |
| Buey et al. (2025) |
| Buey et al. (2025) | |
| Sanz-Montero et al. (2019) +1 other reference | |
| Garcia-Guinea et al. (2018) |
| Joan Abella i Creus (Joanabellacreus@gmail.com) |
| Crespo López et al. (2023) |
| Benavente +2 other references |
| Benavente et al. (2018, September) |
Switzerland | |
| Romani E. (2000) |
| Romani (2000) +1 other reference |
| Philipp R. (1983) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Cannon (2005) +1 other reference |
| Perroud et al. (1987) +2 other references |
| Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
Tunisia | |
| Smykatz-Kloss et al. (2010) |
Turkey | |
| Helvaci (1998) |
| Çelik Karakaya M & Karakaya N (2011) | |
| van Doesburg et al. (1982) |
Turkmenistan | |
| |
UK | |
| Smith et al. (2014) |
| Kemp et al. (2016) | |
| Livingstone et al. (1983) |
Ukraine | |
| Popov S.P. Mineralogy of the Crimea (1938) |
| Deyak M.A. Modern water-chemogenic ... |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| A. Tischenko. Minerals of the Crimea - ... |
| Dvoichenko P.A. The minerals of Crimea (1914) |
| Möckel et al. (1992) |
| Dobrovolskaya T.I. (2004) |
USA | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Graeme (1981) +1 other reference | |
| Wenrich (1988) +1 other reference | |
| Gornitz (2004) |
| Anthony et al. (1976) +1 other reference |
| Howard (2007) |
| Committee et al. (1989) |
| Committee et al. (1989) | |
| Adams et al. (2014) |
| Adams et al. (2014) |
| Crowley (1996) +1 other reference |
| Schlocker (1974) +2 other references |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Zielinski et al. (2001) |
| Januzzi (1976) |
| Hon et al. (2011) |
| |
| Cerato |
| Heinrich et al. (2004) |
| Buck et al. (2006) |
| USGS Prof Paper 860 +1 other reference |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Dunn (1995) |
| Caldwell (2018) |
| 2008 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ... |
| Patrick Haynes collection |
| Januzzi +1 other reference |
| Carlson (2015) |
| Carlson (2015) | |
| Carlson (2015) |
| King (n.d.) |
| Ernest H. Carlson. Jerret Whitford. ... | |
| Carlson (2015) |
| Carlson (2015) |
| gsa.confex.com (2002) |
| Carlson (2015) |
| Carlson (2015) |
| Carlson (2015) |
| Carlson (2015) |
| Carlson (2015) |
| Carlson (2015) | |
| Gold (2006, October) |
| Barnes (1973) +2 other references |
| Lapham et al. (1980) |
| www.jonesgeo.com (2011) |
| Coskren et al. (2000) |
| Journal of Geosciences (2015) +2 other references |
| USGS TEI #514 |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) | |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1990) | |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Dietrich (1985) |
| Dietrich (1990) | |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Kilburn et al. (1996) |
| Cannon (1975) |
| Cannon (1975) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
Uzbekistan | |
| Uklonskiy et al. (1964) +1 other reference |
| Slyusareva (1964) |
Venezuela | |
| Franco Urbani (2009) |
Quick NavTopAbout HexahydriteUnique IdentifiersSimilar NamesIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPronunciation Physical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence Other LanguagesRelationshipsCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatFluorescence Other InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Nabo Ravine, Teruel, Teruel, Aragon, Spain