Wöhlerite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Wöhlerite
Friedrich Wöhler
Formula:
Na2Ca4ZrNb(Si2O7)2O3F
Colour:
Honey-yellow, wine-yellow to sulfur-yellow, light to dark yellow, brown, gray
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
5½ - 6
Specific Gravity:
3.40 - 3.44
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named after the German chemist Friedrich Wöhler (31 July 1800, Eschersheim, Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel, Holy Roman Empire - 23 September 1882, Göttingen, German Empire), professor of chemistry in the University of Göttingen (Germany). He was the first to isolate the chemical elements beryllium and yttrium in pure metallic form.
Type Locality:
First described by Scheerer (1843) from several syenite pegmatites in Langesundsfjorden, Norway, among them Løvøya. The exact type locality is not known, but since Løvøya was mentioned specially by Scheerer (1843) this island has become listed as the type locality in several publications.
The crystal structure was solved by Mellino & Merlino (1979) on a sample from "Brevig" (= Langesundsfjorden, Norway).
Occurs in syenite pegmatite, syenites and carbonatites.
Note the name has also been used for the organic matter in carbonaceous chondrites.
The crystal structure was solved by Mellino & Merlino (1979) on a sample from "Brevig" (= Langesundsfjorden, Norway).
Occurs in syenite pegmatite, syenites and carbonatites.
Note the name has also been used for the organic matter in carbonaceous chondrites.
Name Encoding
ASCII-7:
Wohlerite
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
4303
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4303:4
Similar Names
| Weilerite | A valid IMA mineral species | BaAl3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
IMA Classification of Wöhlerite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Na2Ca4Zr4+(Nb5+,Ti4+)(Si2O7)2(O,F)4
First published:
1843
Classification of Wöhlerite
9.BE.17
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
E : Si2O7 groups, with additional anions; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
E : Si2O7 groups, with additional anions; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
56.2.4.5
56 : SOROSILICATES Si2O7 Groups, With Additional O, OH, F and H2O
2 : Si2O7 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [4] and/or >[4] coordination
56 : SOROSILICATES Si2O7 Groups, With Additional O, OH, F and H2O
2 : Si2O7 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [4] and/or >[4] coordination
17.8.10
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
8 : Silicates with niobate or tantalate
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
8 : Silicates with niobate or tantalate
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Wöh | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Wöhlerite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Honey-yellow, wine-yellow to sulfur-yellow, light to dark yellow, brown, gray
Streak:
Yellowish white; pale yellow
Hardness:
5½ - 6 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Distinct on {010}
Poor on {100}{110}
Distinct on {010}
Poor on {100}{110}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Splintery
Density:
3.40 - 3.44 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.42 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Wöhlerite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.700 - 1.705 nβ = 1.716 - 1.720 nγ = 1.726 - 1.728
2V:
Measured: 70° to 77°, Calculated: 70° to 76°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.023 - 0.026
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
r > v weak
Optical Extinction:
Z = b; X ∧ c = 45°.
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
X=Y= nearly colorless to pale yellow
Z= wine-yellow
Z= wine-yellow
Chemistry of Wöhlerite
Mindat Formula:
Na2Ca4ZrNb(Si2O7)2O3F
Element Weights:
Common Impurities:
Ti,Hf,Al,Y,Ce,La,Fe,Ta,Mn,Mg,Sr
Chemical Analysis
Oxide wt%:
| 1 | 2 | |
|---|---|---|
| SiO2 | 30.12 % | 30.62 % |
| TiO2 | 0.42 % | |
| ZrO2 | 16.11 % | 15.17 % |
| Fe2O3 | 0.48 % | |
| REE2O3 | 0.66 % | |
| Nb2O5 | 12.85 % | 14.47 % |
| FeO | 1.26 % | 2.12 % |
| MnO | 1.00 % | 1.55 % |
| MgO | 0.12 % | 0.42 % |
| CaO | 26.95 % | 26.08 % |
| Na2O | 7.50 % | 8.08 % |
| H2O | 0.74 % | 0.24 % |
| F | 2.98 % | |
| -O=F | -1.26 % | |
| Total: | 99.93 % | 98.75 % |
Sample references:
| ID | Type | Locality | Reference | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Skutesundskjær, Barkevik area, Larvik Commune, Vestfold, Norway | wet-chemical analysis by P. T. Cleve. The sample studied is most probably from Skudesundskjaer. | ||
| 2 | Type Specimen | Løvøya, Porsgrunn, Telemark, Norway | Wet-chemical analysis, Nb erroneously reported as Ta by Scheerer. Locality probably Loevoya |
Crystallography of Wöhlerite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2 - Sphenoidal
Space Group:
P21
Setting:
P21
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.824(1) Å, b = 10.249(1) Å, c = 7.2673(8) Å
β = 109.343(4)°
β = 109.343(4)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.056 : 1 : 0.709
Unit Cell V:
760.69 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Prismatic crystals to 3 cm, granular. Thick tabular on {100}. Brøgger (1890) list these forms as the more frequent ones {100}, {110}, {210}, {120}, {130}, {001}, {101}, {101}, {111} and {011}. Other forms observed are {010}, {720}, {012}, {021}, {111}, {121}, {311}, {201}, {212}, {121}, {211}, {221} and {161}.
Twinning:
Twin plane {010} common; may be complex, lamellar.
reflection twinning on (100)
reflection twinning on (100)
Crystallographic forms of Wöhlerite
Crystal Atlas:
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Wöhlerite no.22 - {100} - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by
www.smorf.nl.
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Edge Lines | Miller Indices | Axes
Transparency
Opaque | Translucent | Transparent
View
Along a-axis | Along b-axis | Along c-axis | Start rotation | Stop rotation
Edge Lines | Miller Indices | Axes
Transparency
Opaque | Translucent | Transparent
View
Along a-axis | Along b-axis | Along c-axis | Start rotation | Stop rotation
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.839 Å | (100) |
| 2.998 Å | (70) |
| 3.25 Å | (60) |
| 2.965 Å | (50) |
| 2.014 Å | (40) |
| 1.689 Å | (40) |
| 7.26 Å | (30) |
Locality:
Reference:
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 34 : Complex granite pegmatites | |
| 35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks | |
| 36 : Carbonatites, kimberlites, and related igneous rocks |
Geological Setting:
Late phase of alkalid pegmatites, nepheline syenites, fenites, carbonatites.
Type Occurrence of Wöhlerite
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Syenite pegmatite
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Wöhlerite
Other Language Names for Wöhlerite
Relationship of Wöhlerite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Wöhlerite Group:
| Baghdadite | Ca6Zr2(Si2O7)2O4 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Burpalite | Na2CaZr(Si2O7)F2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Cuspidine | Ca8(Si2O7)2F4 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Hiortdahlite | Na2Ca4(Ca0.5Zr0.5)Zr(Si2O7)2OF3 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Janhaugite | (Na,Ca)3(Mn2+,Fe2+)3(Ti,Zr,Nb)2(Si2O7)2O2(OH,F)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Låvenite | Na2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Madeiraite | Na2Ca2Fe2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Moxuanxueite | NaCa6Zr(Si2O7)2OF3 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Niocalite | (Ca,Nb)4(Si2O7)(O,OH,F)2 | Mon. m |
| Normandite | NaCa(Mn,Fe)(Ti,Nb,Zr)(Si2O7)OF | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Pilanesbergite | Na2Ca2Fe2Ti2(Si2O7)2O2F2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 50 photos of Wöhlerite associated with Låvenite | Na2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2 |
| 30 photos of Wöhlerite associated with Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| 18 photos of Wöhlerite associated with Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| 12 photos of Wöhlerite associated with Nepheline | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
| 11 photos of Wöhlerite associated with Sanidine | K(AlSi3O8) |
| 11 photos of Wöhlerite associated with Fluorite | CaF2 |
| 9 photos of Wöhlerite associated with Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5(T8O22)W2 |
| 9 photos of Wöhlerite associated with Augite | (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6 |
| 7 photos of Wöhlerite associated with Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| 5 photos of Wöhlerite associated with Hiortdahlite | Na2Ca4(Ca0.5Zr0.5)Zr(Si2O7)2OF3 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.BE. | Zinkgruvanite | Ba4Mn2+4Fe3+2(Si2O7)2(SO4)2O2(OH)2 |
| 9.BE. | Calciomurmanite | (Na,◻)2Ca(Ti,Mg,Nb)4[Si2O7]2O2(OH,O)2(H2O)4 |
| 9.BE. | Cámaraite | Ba3Na(Fe2+,Mn)8Ti4(Si2O7)4O4(OH,F)7 |
| 9.BE. | Alfredcasparite | Sr2TiO(Si2O7) |
| 9.BE. | Batievaite-(Y) | Y2Ca2Ti(Si2O7)2(OH)2(H2O)4 |
| 9.BE. | Nacareniobsite-(Y) | Na3Ca3YNb(Si2O7)2OF3 |
| 9.BE. | Alexkuznetsovite-(Ce) | Ce2Mn(CO3)(Si2O7) |
| 9.BE. | Bobshannonite | Na2KBa(Mn,Na)8(Nb,Ti)4(Si2O7)4O4(OH)4(O,F)2 |
| 9.BE. | Paralomonosovite | Na6◻4Ti4(Si2O7)2[PO3OH][PO2(OH)2]O2(OF) |
| 9.BE. | Madeiraite | Na2Ca2Fe2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2 |
| 9.BE. | Bortolanite | Ca2(Ca1.5Zr0.5)Na(NaCa)Ti(Si2O7)2(OF)F2 |
| 9.BE. | Longshoushanite-(Ce) | Ce4MgAl2Ti2(Si2O7)2O8 |
| 9.BE. | Moxuanxueite | NaCa6Zr(Si2O7)2OF3 |
| 9.BE. | Delhuyarite-(Ce) | Ce4Mg(Fe3+,W)3◻(Si2O7)2O6(OH)2 |
| 9.BE. | Christofschäferite-(Ce) | Ce3CaMnTiFe3+Ti2(Si2O7)2O8 |
| 9.BE.X | Asimowite | Fe2+4O(Si2O7) |
| 9.BE. | Biraite-(La) | La2Fe2+(CO3)(Si2O7) |
| 9.BE. | Pilanesbergite | Na2Ca2Fe2Ti2(Si2O7)2O2F2 |
| 9.BE.02 | Wadsleyite | Mg4O(Si2O7) |
| 9.BE.02 | Ohtaniite | Mg3(Si0.5◻0.5)Si2O8 |
| 9.BE.05 | Lawsonite | CaAl2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2O |
| 9.BE.05 | Hennomartinite | SrMn3+2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2O |
| 9.BE.05 | Cortesognoite | CaV2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2O |
| 9.BE.05 | Noelbensonite | BaMn3+2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2O |
| 9.BE.05 | Itoigawaite | SrAl2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2O |
| 9.BE.07 | Ilvaite | CaFe3+Fe2+2(Si2O7)O(OH) |
| 9.BE.07 | Amamoorite | CaMn2+2Mn3+(Si2O7)O(OH) |
| 9.BE.07 | Manganilvaite | CaFe2+Fe3+Mn2+(Si2O7)O(OH) |
| 9.BE.10 | Suolunite | Ca2(H2Si2O7) · H2O |
| 9.BE.12 | Jaffeite | Ca6(Si2O7)(OH)6 |
| 9.BE.15 | Fresnoite | Ba2Ti(Si2O7)O |
| 9.BE.17 | Janhaugite | (Na,Ca)3(Mn2+,Fe2+)3(Ti,Zr,Nb)2(Si2O7)2O2(OH,F)2 |
| 9.BE.17 | Burpalite | Na2CaZr(Si2O7)F2 |
| 9.BE.17 | Niocalite | (Ca,Nb)4(Si2O7)(O,OH,F)2 |
| 9.BE.17 | Normandite | NaCa(Mn,Fe)(Ti,Nb,Zr)(Si2O7)OF |
| 9.BE.17 | Hiortdahlite | Na2Ca4(Ca0.5Zr0.5)Zr(Si2O7)2OF3 |
| 9.BE.17 | Låvenite | Na2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2 |
| 9.BE.17 | Cuspidine | Ca8(Si2O7)2F4 |
| 9.BE.17 | Baghdadite | Ca6Zr2(Si2O7)2O4 |
| 9.BE.20 | Nacareniobsite-(Ce) | Na3Ca3(Ce,REE)Nb(Si2O7)2OF3 |
| 9.BE.20 | Roumaite | (Ca,Na,REE,◻)7(Nb,Ti)[Si2O7]2OF3 |
| 9.BE.20 | Rinkite-(Ce) | (Ca3Ce)Na(NaCa)Ti(Si2O7)2(OF)F2 |
| 9.BE.20 | Nacareniobsite-(Nd) | Ca2(CaNd)Na3Nb(Si2O7)2(OF)F2 |
| 9.BE.20 | Rinkite-(Y) | Na2Ca4YTi(Si2O7)2OF3 |
| 9.BE.20 | Mosandrite-(Ce) | (Ca3REE)[(H2O)2Ca0.5◻0.5]Ti(Si2O7)2(OH)2(H2O)2 |
| 9.BE.22 | Hainite-(Y) | Na2Ca4(Y,REE)Ti(Si2O7)2OF3 |
| 9.BE.22 | Rosenbuschite | Na6Ca6Zr3Ti(Si2O7)4O2F6 |
| 9.BE.22 | Götzenite | NaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3 |
| 9.BE.22 | Fogoite-(Y) | Na3Ca2Y2Ti(Si2O7)2OF3 |
| 9.BE.22 | Kochite | Na3Ca2MnZrTi(Si2O7)2OF3 |
| 9.BE.23 | Dovyrenite | Ca6Zr(Si2O7)2(OH)4 |
| 9.BE.25 | Lamprophyllite | (Na,Mn2+)3(Sr,Na)2(Ti,Fe3+)3(Si2O7)2O2(OH,O,F)2 |
| 9.BE.25 | Seidozerite | Na4MnZr2Ti(Si2O7)2O2F2 |
| 9.BE.25 | Nabalamprophyllite | (BaNa)Ti2Na3Ti(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2 |
| 9.BE.25 | Schüllerite | Ba2Na(Mn,Ca)(Fe3+,Mg,Fe2+)2Ti2(Si2O7)2(O,F)4 |
| 9.BE.25 | Ericssonite | BaMn2+2Fe3+(Si2O7)O(OH) |
| 9.BE.25 | Grenmarite | Na4MnZr3(Si2O7)2O2F2 |
| 9.BE.25 | Kazanskyite | BaNa3Ti2Nb(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2(H2O)4 |
| 9.BE.25 | Saamite | Ba◻Na3Ti2Nb(Si2O7)2O2(OH)F(H2O)2 |
| 9.BE.25 | Emmerichite | Ba2Na(Na,Fe2+)2(Fe3+,Mg)Ti2(Si2O7)2O2F2 |
| 9.BE.25 | Barytolamprophyllite | (Ba,Na)2(Na,Ti,Fe3+)4Ti2(Si2O7)2O(OH,F) |
| 9.BE.25 | 'Ericssonite-2O' | BaMn2+2Fe3+(Si2O7)O(OH) |
| 9.BE.25 | Fluorbarytolamprophyllite | (Ba,Sr)2[(Na,Fe2+)3(Ti,Mg)F2][Ti2(Si2O7)2O2] |
| 9.BE.25 | Fluorlamprophyllite | Na3(SrNa)Ti3(Si2O7)2O2F2 |
| 9.BE.25 | Lileyite | Ba2(Na,Fe,Ca)3MgTi2(Si2O7)2O2F2 |
| 9.BE.27 | Kolskyite | CaNa2Ti4(Si2O7)2O4(H2O)7 |
| 9.BE.27 | Vigrishinite | NaZnTi4(Si2O7)2O3(OH)(H2O)4 |
| 9.BE.27 | Selivanovaite | NaFe3+Ti4(Si2O7)2O4(H2O)4 |
| 9.BE.27 | Murmanite | Na2Ti2(Si2O7)O2 · 2H2O |
| 9.BE.30 | Epistolite | (Na◻)Nb2Na3Ti(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2(H2O)4 |
| 9.BE.32 | Lomonosovite | Na5Ti2(Si2O7)(PO4)O2 |
| 9.BE.35 | Vuonnemite | Na11Ti4+Nb2(Si2O7)2(PO4)2O3(F,OH) |
| 9.BE.37 | Sobolevite | Na13Ca2Mn2Ti3(Si2O7)2(PO4)4O3F3 |
| 9.BE.40 | Ferroinnelite | Ba4Ti2Na(NaFe2+)Ti(Si2O7)2[(SO4)(PO4)]O2[O(OH)] |
| 9.BE.40 | Phosphoinnelite | Na3Ba4Ti3(Si2O7)2(PO4,SO4)2O2F |
| 9.BE.40 | Innelite | Ba4Ti2Na(NaMn2+)Ti(Si2O7)2[(SO4)(PO4)]O2[O(OH)] |
| 9.BE.42 | Yoshimuraite | Ba2Mn2Ti(Si2O7)(PO4)O(OH) |
| 9.BE.42 | Horiite | Ba2Mn2Mn4Ti2(Si2O7)2(PO4)2O2(OH)2 |
| 9.BE.45 | Quadruphite | Na6Na2(CaNa)2Na2Ti2Na2Ti2(Si2O7)2(PO4)4O4F2 |
| 9.BE.47 | Polyphite | Na5(Na4Ca2)Ti2(Si2O7)(PO4)3O2F2 |
| 9.BE.50 | Shkatulkalite | Na2Nb2Na3Ti(Si2O7)2O2(FO)(H2O)4(H2O)3 |
| 9.BE.50 | Bornemanite | Na6BaTi2Nb(Si2O7)2(PO4)O2(OH)F |
| 9.BE.55 | Hejtmanite | Ba2Mn2+4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2F2 |
| 9.BE.55 | Bykovaite | (Ba,Na,K)2(Na,Ti,Mn)4(Ti,Nb)2(Si2O7)2O2(H2O,F,OH)2 · 3.5H2O |
| 9.BE.55 | Nechelyustovite | (Ba,Sr,K)2(Na,Ti,Mn)4(Ti,Nb)2(Si2O7)2O2(O,H2O,F)2 · 4.5H2O |
| 9.BE.55 | Bafertisite | Ba2Fe2+4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2F2 |
| 9.BE.60 | Delindeite | (Na,K)2(Ba,Ca)2(Ti,Fe,Al)3(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2 · 2H2O |
| 9.BE.62 | 'Orthochevkinite' | (Ce,La,Ca,Na,Th)4(Fe2+,Mg)2(Ti,Fe3+)3Si4O22 |
| 9.BE.62 va | 'Strontium Perrierite' | (Ce,Sr,La,Ca)4Fe2+(Ti,Zr,Fe)2Ti2(Si2O7)2O8 |
| 9.BE.62 | 'Chevkinite-(Nd)' | (Nd,REE)4(Fe2+,Mg)(Fe2+,Ti,Fe3+)2(Ti,Fe3+)2(Si2O7)2O8 ? |
| 9.BE.62 | 'Perrierite-(Nd)' | Nd4MgFe3+2Ti2(Si2O7)2O8 ? |
| 9.BE.65 | Bussenite | Na2Ba2Fe2+Ti(Si2O7)(CO3)(OH)3F |
| 9.BE.67 | Jinshajiangite | BaNaFe2+4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2F |
| 9.BE.67 | Perraultite | BaNaMn2+4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2F |
| 9.BE.70 | Dingdaohengite-(Ce) | (Ce,La)4Fe2+(Ti,Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)2Ti2(Si2O7)2O8 |
| 9.BE.70 | Perrierite-(Ce) | Ce4MgFe3+2Ti2(Si2O7)2O8 |
| 9.BE.70 | Karnasurtite-(Ce) | (Ce,La,Th)(Ti,Nb)(Al,Fe)(Si2O7)(OH)4 · 3H2O |
| 9.BE.70 | Maoniupingite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca)4(Fe3+,Ti,Fe2+,◻)(Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+,Nb)4(Si2O7)2O8 |
| 9.BE.70 | Matsubaraite | Sr4Ti5(Si2O7)2O8 |
| 9.BE.70 | Rengeite | Sr4ZrTi4(Si2O7)2O8 |
| 9.BE.70 | Polyakovite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca)4(Mg,Fe2+)(Cr3+,Fe3+)2(Ti,Nb)2(Si2O7)2O8 |
| 9.BE.70 | Hezuolinite | (Sr,REE)4Zr(Ti,Fe3+)4(Si2O7)2O8 |
| 9.BE.70 | 'UM2008-53-SiO:SrTiZr' | Sr4ZrTi4(Si2O7)2O8 |
| 9.BE.70 | Chevkinite-(Ce) | Ce4(Ti,Fe2+,Fe3+)5O8(Si2O7)2 |
| 9.BE.70 | Perrierite-(La) | (La,Ce,Ca)4(Fe2+,Mn)(Ti,Fe3+,Al)4[(Si2O7)O4]2 |
| 9.BE.70 | Strontiochevkinite | (Sr,La,Ce,Ca)4Fe2+(Ti,Zr)2Ti2(Si2O7)2O8 |
| 9.BE.72 | Fersmanite | Ca4(Na,Ca)4(Ti,Nb)4(Si2O7)2O8F3 |
| 9.BE.75 | Belkovite | Ba3(Nb,Ti)6(Si2O7)2O12 |
| 9.BE.77 | Nasonite | Pb6Ca4(Si2O7)3Cl2 |
| 9.BE.80 | Melanotekite | Pb2Fe3+2(Si2O7)O2 |
| 9.BE.80 | Kentrolite | Pb2Mn3+2(Si2O7)O2 |
| 9.BE.82 | Alexkuznetsovite-(La) | La2Mn(CO3)(Si2O7) |
| 9.BE.82 | Tilleyite | Ca5(Si2O7)(CO3)2 |
| 9.BE.85 | Killalaite | Ca6.4(H0.6Si2O7)2(OH)2 |
| 9.BE.87 | Stavelotite-(La) | (La,Nd,Ca)3Mn2+3Cu(Mn3+,Fe3+,Mn4+)26(Si2O7)6O30 |
| 9.BE.90 | Magnesiorowlandite-(Y) | Y4(Mg,Fe)(Si2O7)2F2 |
| 9.BE.90 | Biraite-(Ce) | Ce2Fe2+(Si2O7)(CO3) |
| 9.BE.92 | Cervandonite-(Ce) | (Ce,Nd,La)(Fe3+,Fe2+,Ti,Al)3O2(Si2O7)(As3+O3)(OH) |
| 9.BE.92 | Chirvinskyite | (Na,Ca)13(Fe,Mn,◻)2(Ti,Zr)5(Si2O7)4(OH,O)12 · 2H2O |
| 9.BE.95 | Rusinovite | Ca10(Si2O7)3Cl2 |
| 9.BE.95 | Batisivite | BaV3+8Ti6(Si2O7)O22 |
| 9.BE.97 | Schlüterite-(Y) | (Y,REE)2AlSi2O7(OH)2F |
Other Information
Notes:
Cathodoluminescence is blue-green.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Wöhlerite
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References for Wöhlerite
Reference List:
Scheerer, Th. (1843) Ueber den Wöhlerit, eine neue Mineralspecies. Annalen der Physik und Chemie, 135. 327-336 doi:10.1002/andp.18431350611
Dauber, H. (1854) Untersuchungen an Mineralien der Sammlung des Hrn. Dr. Krantz in Bonn. Annalen der Physik und Chemie, 168. 237-251 doi:10.1002/andp.18541680604Morphological study of a sample from Langesundsfjorden ("Brevig")
Mellini, M., Merlino, S. (1979) Refinement of the crystal structure of wöhlerite. Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 26 (1). 109-123 doi:10.1007/bf01081296
Biagioni, C., Merlino, S., Parodi, G. C., Perchiazzi, N. (2012) Crystal chemistry of minerals of the wöhlerite group from the Los Archipelago, Guinea. The Canadian Mineralogist, 50 (3) 593-609 doi:10.3749/canmin.50.3.593
Dal Bo, Fabrice, Friis, Henrik, Mills, Stuart J. (2022) Nomenclature of wöhlerite-group minerals. Mineralogical Magazine, 86 (4) 661-676 doi:10.1180/mgm.2022.10
Fischer, R. X.; Birkenstock, J.; Biskup, G.; Fischer, L. A.; Klügel, A.; Nezamabadi, S.; Spürgin, S. (2026) Crystal structure, chemical composition, and twinning of götzenite and wöhlerite from the Fohberg phonolite, Kaiserstuhl. European Journal of Mineralogy, 38 (1). 75-101 doi:10.5194/ejm-38-75-2026
Localities for Wöhlerite
Showing 149 localities.
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All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
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Laacher See Volcanic Complex, Germany