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Lawsonite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

This page kindly sponsored by Donna Whitney

Photos of Lawsonite (88)Discuss Lawsonite View 'Best Of' Article

Lawsonite Gallery Search Photos of Lawsonite

Edit Lawsonite Add Synonym Edit CIF structures Clear Cache

Lawsonite

Reed Station, Tiburon Peninsula, Marin County, California, USA

Lawsonite

Mendocino County, California, USA

Lawsonite

Mendocino County, California, USA

Lawsonite

Reed Station, Tiburon Peninsula, Marin County, California, USA

Lawsonite

Mendocino County, California, USA

Lawsonite

Mendocino County, California, USA

Lawsonite

Reed Station, Tiburon Peninsula, Marin County, California, USA

Lawsonite

Mendocino County, California, USA

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About LawsoniteHide

Andrew C. Lawson

Formula:

CaAl₂(Si₂O₇)(OH)₂ · H₂O

Colour:

colorless, white, grayish blue, pale blue, pink

Lustre:

Vitreous, Pearly

Hardness:

7½

Specific Gravity:

3.1

Crystal System:

Orthorhombic

Member of:

Lawsonite Group

Name:

Named by Frederick Leslie Ransome and Charles Palache in 1895 in honour of geologist Andrew Cowper Lawson (July 25, 1861 Anstruther, Scotland — San Leandro, California, June 16, 1952), geologist with the Canadian Geological Survey and for most of his career a professor of geology and mineralogy at the University of California.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Reed Station, Tiburon Peninsula, Marin County, California, USA

The Al analogue of cortesognoite.

Chemically and stoichiometrically very similar to anorthite (which is anhydrous, however).

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

2353

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:2353:1

Similar NamesHide

Dawsonite	A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered	NaAlCO₃(OH)₂
Lausenite	A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered	Fe₂(SO₄)₃ · 5H₂O
Lazionite	A synonym of Wavellite
Lisanite	A valid IMA mineral species - pending publication	CaNiP₂O₇
Lossenite	A discredited species name
Luzonite	A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered	Cu₃AsS₄
Mawsonite	A valid IMA mineral species	Cu₆Fe₂SnS₈
Slawsonite	A valid IMA mineral species	Sr(Al₂Si₂O₈)

IMA Classification of LawsoniteHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

IMA Formula:

CaAl₂Si₂O₇(OH)₂·H₂O

First published:

1895

Type description reference:

Ransome, Frederick Leslie (1895) On lawsonite, a new rock-forming mineral from the Tiburon Peninsula, Marin County. Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences, 1. 301-312

Classification of LawsoniteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

9.BE.05

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
E : Si₂O₇ groups, with additional anions; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination

Dana 8th ed.:

56.2.3.1

56 : SOROSILICATES Si₂O₇ Groups, With Additional O, OH, F and H₂O
2 : Si₂O₇ Groups and O, OH, F, and H₂O with cations in [4] and/or >[4] coordination

Hey's CIM Ref.:

16.9.18

16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
9 : Aluminosilicates of Ca

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Lws	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Lws	Kretz (1983)	Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279.
Lws	Siivolam & Schmid (2007)	Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download
Lws	Whitney & Evans (2010)	Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371
Lws	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019)	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of LawsoniteHide

Lustre:

Vitreous, Pearly

Transparency:

Translucent

Colour:

Colorless, white, grayish blue, pale blue, pink

Streak:

White

Hardness:

7½ on Mohs scale

Cleavage:

Perfect
[001] perfect
[110] poor

Fracture:

Irregular/Uneven

Density:

3.1 g/cm³ (Measured) 3.09 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of LawsoniteHide

Type:

Biaxial (+)

RI values:

n_α = 1.665 n_β = 1.674(2) n_γ = 1.685(1)

2V:

Measured: 84° to 85°, Calculated: 76° to 86°

Max. Birefringence:

δ = 0.020
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.

Thickness: 30 µm Order divisions

Rotation:

Surface Relief:

Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).

This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral colouration.

Focus:

In focus

Interference Figure:

This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure - the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are isogyres.

Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.

Thickness: 30 µm

Stage rotation: 0°

Dispersion:

strong

Chemistry of LawsoniteHide

Mindat Formula:

CaAl₂(Si₂O₇)(OH)₂ · H₂O

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
O	50.915 %
Si	17.875 %
Al	17.173 %
Ca	12.754 %
H	1.283 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Al, Ca, H, O, Si - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of LawsoniteHide

Crystal System:

Orthorhombic

Class (H-M):

mmm(2/m2/m2/m) - Dipyramidal

Space Group:

Cmcm

Cell Parameters:

a = 5.847 Å, b = 8.79 Å, c = 13.128 Å

Ratio:

a:b:c = 0.665 : 1 : 1.494

Unit Cell V:

674.72 Å³

Morphology:

prismatic/tabular

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0018952	Lawsonite	Liebscher A, Dorsam G, Franz G, Wunder B, Gottschalk M (2010) Crystal chemistry of synthetic lawsonite solid-solution series CaAl2 [(OH)2/(Si2O7)](H2O)-SrAl2[(OH)2/(Si2O7)](H2O) and the Cmcm-P2_1/m phase transition American Mineralogist 95 724-735	2010	synthetic	0	293
0018951	Lawsonite	Liebscher A, Dorsam G, Franz G, Wunder B, Gottschalk M (2010) Crystal chemistry of synthetic lawsonite solid-solution series CaAl2 [(OH)2/(Si2O7)](H2O)-SrAl2[(OH)2/(Si2O7)](H2O) and the Cmcm-P2_1/m phase transition American Mineralogist 95 724-735	2010	synthetic	0	293
0018950	Lawsonite	Liebscher A, Dorsam G, Franz G, Wunder B, Gottschalk M (2010) Crystal chemistry of synthetic lawsonite solid-solution series CaAl2 [(OH)2/(Si2O7)](H2O)-SrAl2[(OH)2/(Si2O7)](H2O) and the Cmcm-P2_1/m phase transition American Mineralogist 95 724-735	2010	synthetic	0	293
0018949	Lawsonite	Liebscher A, Dorsam G, Franz G, Wunder B, Gottschalk M (2010) Crystal chemistry of synthetic lawsonite solid-solution series CaAl2 [(OH)2/(Si2O7)](H2O)-SrAl2[(OH)2/(Si2O7)](H2O) and the Cmcm-P2_1/m phase transition American Mineralogist 95 724-735	2010	synthetic	0	293
0018948	Lawsonite	Liebscher A, Dorsam G, Franz G, Wunder B, Gottschalk M (2010) Crystal chemistry of synthetic lawsonite solid-solution series CaAl2 [(OH)2/(Si2O7)](H2O)-SrAl2[(OH)2/(Si2O7)](H2O) and the Cmcm-P2_1/m phase transition American Mineralogist 95 724-735	2010	synthetic	0	293
0018947	Lawsonite	Liebscher A, Dorsam G, Franz G, Wunder B, Gottschalk M (2010) Crystal chemistry of synthetic lawsonite solid-solution series CaAl2 [(OH)2/(Si2O7)](H2O)-SrAl2[(OH)2/(Si2O7)](H2O) and the Cmcm-P2_1/m phase transition American Mineralogist 95 724-735	2010	synthetic	0	293
0018946	Lawsonite	Liebscher A, Dorsam G, Franz G, Wunder B, Gottschalk M (2010) Crystal chemistry of synthetic lawsonite solid-solution series CaAl2 [(OH)2/(Si2O7)](H2O)-SrAl2[(OH)2/(Si2O7)](H2O) and the Cmcm-P2_1/m phase transition American Mineralogist 95 724-735	2010	synthetic	0	293
0018939	Lawsonite	Liebscher A, Dorsam G, Franz G, Wunder B, Gottschalk M (2010) Crystal chemistry of synthetic lawsonite solid-solution series CaAl2 [(OH)2/(Si2O7)](H2O)-SrAl2[(OH)2/(Si2O7)](H2O) and the Cmcm-P2_1/m phase transition American Mineralogist 95 724-735	2010	synthetic	0	293
0018938	Lawsonite	Liebscher A, Dorsam G, Franz G, Wunder B, Gottschalk M (2010) Crystal chemistry of synthetic lawsonite solid-solution series CaAl2 [(OH)2/(Si2O7)](H2O)-SrAl2[(OH)2/(Si2O7)](H2O) and the Cmcm-P2_1/m phase transition American Mineralogist 95 724-735	2010	synthetic	0	293
0018937	Lawsonite	Liebscher A, Dorsam G, Franz G, Wunder B, Gottschalk M (2010) Crystal chemistry of synthetic lawsonite solid-solution series CaAl2 [(OH)2/(Si2O7)](H2O)-SrAl2[(OH)2/(Si2O7)](H2O) and the Cmcm-P2_1/m phase transition American Mineralogist 95 724-735	2010	synthetic	0	293
0018936	Lawsonite	Liebscher A, Dorsam G, Franz G, Wunder B, Gottschalk M (2010) Crystal chemistry of synthetic lawsonite solid-solution series CaAl2 [(OH)2/(Si2O7)](H2O)-SrAl2[(OH)2/(Si2O7)](H2O) and the Cmcm-P2_1/m phase transition American Mineralogist 95 724-735	2010	synthetic	0	293
0018935	Lawsonite	Liebscher A, Dorsam G, Franz G, Wunder B, Gottschalk M (2010) Crystal chemistry of synthetic lawsonite solid-solution series CaAl2 [(OH)2/(Si2O7)](H2O)-SrAl2[(OH)2/(Si2O7)](H2O) and the Cmcm-P2_1/m phase transition American Mineralogist 95 724-735	2010	synthetic	0	293
0018934	Lawsonite	Liebscher A, Dorsam G, Franz G, Wunder B, Gottschalk M (2010) Crystal chemistry of synthetic lawsonite solid-solution series CaAl2 [(OH)2/(Si2O7)](H2O)-SrAl2[(OH)2/(Si2O7)](H2O) and the Cmcm-P2_1/m phase transition American Mineralogist 95 724-735	2010	synthetic	0	293
0018953	Lawsonite	Pawley A R, Allan D R (2001) A high-pressure study of lawsonite using angle-dispersive powder-diffraction methods with synchrotron radiation Mineralogical Magazine 65 41-58	2001	synthetic	0	293
0000639	Lawsonite	Baur W H (1978) Crystal structure refinement of lawsonite American Mineralogist 63 311-315	1978	Tiburon Peninsula, Marin County, California, USA	0	293
0018954	Lawsonite	Pawley A R, Allan D R (2001) A high-pressure study of lawsonite using angle-dispersive powder-diffraction methods with synchrotron radiation Mineralogical Magazine 65 41-58	2001	synthetic	9.8	293
0018955	Lawsonite	Pawley A R, Allan D R (2001) A high-pressure study of lawsonite using angle-dispersive powder-diffraction methods with synchrotron radiation Mineralogical Magazine 65 41-58	2001	synthetic	11.9	293
0018956	Lawsonite	Pawley A R, Allan D R (2001) A high-pressure study of lawsonite using angle-dispersive powder-diffraction methods with synchrotron radiation Mineralogical Magazine 65 41-58	2001	synthetic	16.5	293
0007253	Lawsonite	Kolesov B A, Lager G A, Schultz A J (2008) Behaviour of H2O and OH in lawsonite: a single-crystal neutron diffraction and Raman spectroscopic investigation European Journal of Mineralogy 20 63-72	2008		0	293
0001800	Lawsonite	Comodi P, Zanazzi P F (1996) Effects of temperature and pressure on the structure of lawsonite American Mineralogist 81 833-841	1996		0.0001	293
0001768	Lawsonite	Libowitzky E, Armbruster T (1995) Low-temperature phase transitions and the role of hydrogen bonds in lawsonite American Mineralogist 80 1277-1285	1995		0	293
0001767	Lawsonite	Libowitzky E, Armbruster T (1995) Low-temperature phase transitions and the role of hydrogen bonds in lawsonite American Mineralogist 80 1277-1285	1995		0	293
0001766	Lawsonite	Libowitzky E, Armbruster T (1995) Low-temperature phase transitions and the role of hydrogen bonds in lawsonite American Mineralogist 80 1277-1285	1995		0	293
0001765	Lawsonite	Libowitzky E, Armbruster T (1995) Low-temperature phase transitions and the role of hydrogen bonds in lawsonite American Mineralogist 80 1277-1285	1995		0	293
0001764	Lawsonite	Libowitzky E, Armbruster T (1995) Low-temperature phase transitions and the role of hydrogen bonds in lawsonite American Mineralogist 80 1277-1285	1995		0	293
0001763	Lawsonite	Libowitzky E, Armbruster T (1995) Low-temperature phase transitions and the role of hydrogen bonds in lawsonite American Mineralogist 80 1277-1285	1995		0	293
0006433	Lawsonite	Armbruster T, Oberhansli R, Bermanec V (1992) Crystal structure of SrMn2(Si2O7)(OH)2.H2O, a new mineral of the lawsonite type European Journal of Mineralogy 4 17-22	1992		0	293
0003737	Lawsonite	Sondergeld P, Schranz W, Troster A, Armbruster T, Giester G, Kityk A, Carpenter M A (2005) Ordering and elasticity associated with low-temperature phase transitions in lawsonite American Mineralogist 90 448-456	2005		0	215
0001803	Lawsonite	Comodi P, Zanazzi P F (1996) Effects of temperature and pressure on the structure of lawsonite American Mineralogist 81 833-841	1996		0.0001	717
0001804	Lawsonite	Comodi P, Zanazzi P F (1996) Effects of temperature and pressure on the structure of lawsonite American Mineralogist 81 833-841	1996		0.0001	811
0001801	Lawsonite	Comodi P, Zanazzi P F (1996) Effects of temperature and pressure on the structure of lawsonite American Mineralogist 81 833-841	1996		0.05	293
0001802	Lawsonite	Comodi P, Zanazzi P F (1996) Effects of temperature and pressure on the structure of lawsonite American Mineralogist 81 833-841	1996		2.87	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Lawsonite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Liebscher A'
'Dorsam G'
'Franz G'
'Wunder B'
'Gottschalk M'
_journal_name_full 'American Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 95 
_journal_year 2010
_journal_page_first 724
_journal_page_last 735
_publ_section_title
;
 Crystal chemistry of synthetic lawsonite solid-solution series CaAl2
 [(OH)2/(Si2O7)](H2O)-SrAl2[(OH)2/(Si2O7)](H2O) and the Cmcm-P2_1/m phase transition
 Note: Run #AU83
;
_database_code_amcsd 0018952
_chemical_compound_source 'Synthetic'
_chemical_formula_sum '(Ca.82 Sr.18) Al2 Si2 O10 H4'
_cell_length_a 5.8433
_cell_length_b 8.8169
_cell_length_c 13.1726
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 678.650
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      3.159
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'C m c m'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '1/2+x,1/2+y,z'
  'x,-y,1/2+z'
  '1/2+x,1/2-y,1/2+z'
  '-x,y,1/2-z'
  '1/2-x,1/2+y,1/2-z'
  '-x,y,z'
  '1/2-x,1/2+y,z'
  'x,-y,-z'
  '1/2+x,1/2-y,-z'
  'x,y,1/2-z'
  '1/2+x,1/2+y,1/2-z'
  '-x,-y,1/2+z'
  '1/2-x,1/2-y,1/2+z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
  '1/2-x,1/2-y,-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
Ca   0.00000   0.33120   0.25000   0.82000
Sr   0.00000   0.33120   0.25000   0.18000
Al   0.25000   0.25000   0.00000   1.00000
Si   0.00000   0.98080   0.13240   1.00000
O1   0.00000   0.04900   0.25000   1.00000
O2   0.27100   0.38100   0.11750   1.00000
O3   0.00000   0.14200   0.06600   1.00000
O-H4   0.00000   0.64100   0.04900   1.00000
Wat5   0.00000   0.61000   0.25000   1.00000

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Loading XRD data...

2θ (degrees) d-spacing (Å)

Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
4.84 Å	(60)
3.66 Å	(60)
2.726 Å	(70)
2.680 Å	(50)
2.624 Å	(100)
2.433 Å	(60)
2.129 Å	(60)
1.550 Å	(80)

Locality:

Reed Station, Tiburon Peninsula, Marin County, California, USA

Reference:

Ransome, Frederick Leslie (1895) On lawsonite, a new rock-forming mineral from the Tiburon Peninsula, Marin County. Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences, 1. 301-312

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere	>4.45
16 : Low-? aqueous alteration of Hadean subaerial lithologies (see also #23)
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics	<3.5-2.5
39 : High-? metamorphism (blueschist, eclogite, ultrahigh ? facies)
40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies)
41 : Mantle metasomatism

Geological Setting:

Lawsonite forms at high pressures and low temperatures, especially in low-grade regionally metamorphosed glaucophane schists. It also forms from plagioclase during saussuritization of gabbros and diabases; rarely in eclogites.

Type Occurrence of LawsoniteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Reed Station, Tiburon Peninsula, Marin County, California, USA

Reference:

Ransome, Frederick Leslie (1895) On lawsonite, a new rock-forming mineral from the Tiburon Peninsula, Marin County. Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences, 1. 301-312

Other Language Names for LawsoniteHide

Dutch:Lawsoniet

German:Lawsonit

Russian:Лавсонит

Spanish:Lawsonita

Varieties of LawsoniteHide

Chromium-bearing Lawsonite

A chromium-bearing variety of Lawsonite.

Relationship of Lawsonite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Lawsonite Group

Other Members of Lawsonite Group:

Amamoorite	CaMn²⁺₂Mn³⁺(Si₂O₇)O(OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
Cortesognoite	CaV₂(Si₂O₇)(OH)₂ · H₂O	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
Hennomartinite	SrMn³⁺₂(Si₂O₇)(OH)₂ · H₂O	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
Ilvaite	CaFe³⁺Fe²⁺₂(Si₂O₇)O(OH)	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
Itoigawaite	SrAl₂(Si₂O₇)(OH)₂ · H₂O	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
Manganilvaite	CaFe²⁺Fe³⁺Mn²⁺(Si₂O₇)O(OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
Noelbensonite	BaMn³⁺₂(Si₂O₇)(OH)₂ · H₂O	Orth. mm2

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

40 photos of Lawsonite associated with Glaucophane	◻Na₂(Mg₃Al₂)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
16 photos of Lawsonite associated with Quartz	SiO₂
10 photos of Lawsonite associated with Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
2 photos of Lawsonite associated with Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
2 photos of Lawsonite associated with Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
1 photo of Lawsonite associated with Joaquinite-(Ce)	NaBa₂Ce₂FeTi₂[Si₄O₁₂]₂O₂(OH,F) · H₂O
1 photo of Lawsonite associated with Omphacite	(Na_aCa_bFe²⁺_cMg_d)(Al_eFe³⁺_fFe²⁺_gMg_h)Si₂O₆
1 photo of Lawsonite associated with Cymrite	BaAl₂Si₂(O,OH)₈ · H₂O
1 photo of Lawsonite associated with Actinolite	◻Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
1 photo of Lawsonite associated with 'Bitumen'

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

9.BE.	Zinkgruvanite	Ba₄Mn²⁺₄Fe³⁺₂(Si₂O₇)₂(SO₄)₂O₂(OH)₂	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.	Calciomurmanite	(Na,◻)₂Ca(Ti,Mg,Nb)₄[Si₂O₇]₂O₂(OH,O)₂(H₂O)₄	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.	Cámaraite	Ba₃Na(Fe²⁺,Mn)₈Ti₄(Si₂O₇)₄O₄(OH,F)₇	Tric. 1
9.BE.	Alfredcasparite	Sr₂TiO(Si₂O₇)	Tet. 4mm : P4bm
9.BE.	Batievaite-(Y)	Y₂Ca₂Ti(Si₂O₇)₂(OH)₂(H₂O)₄	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.	Nacareniobsite-(Y)	Na₃Ca₃YNb(Si₂O₇)₂OF₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.	Alexkuznetsovite-(Ce)	Ce₂Mn(CO₃)(Si₂O₇)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.	Bobshannonite	Na₂KBa(Mn,Na)₈(Nb,Ti)₄(Si₂O₇)₄O₄(OH)₄(O,F)₂	Tric.
9.BE.	Paralomonosovite	Na₆◻₄Ti₄(Si₂O₇)₂[PO₃OH][PO₂(OH)₂]O₂(OF)	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.	Madeiraite	Na₂Ca₂Fe₂Zr₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₂F₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.	Bortolanite	Ca₂(Ca_1.5Zr_0.5)Na(NaCa)Ti(Si₂O₇)₂(OF)F₂	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.	Longshoushanite-(Ce)	Ce₄MgAl₂Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₈	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.	Moxuanxueite	NaCa₆Zr(Si₂O₇)₂OF₃	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.	Delhuyarite-(Ce)	Ce₄Mg(Fe³⁺,W)₃◻(Si₂O₇)₂O₆(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.	Christofschäferite-(Ce)	Ce₃CaMnTiFe³⁺Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₈	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BE.X	Asimowite	Fe²⁺₄O(Si₂O₇)	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Imma
9.BE.	Biraite-(La)	La₂Fe²⁺(CO₃)(Si₂O₇)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.	Pilanesbergite	Na₂Ca₂Fe₂Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₂F₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.02	Wadsleyite	Mg₄O(Si₂O₇)	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Imma
9.BE.02	Ohtaniite	Mg₃(Si_0.5◻_0.5)Si₂O₈	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Imma
9.BE.05	Hennomartinite	SrMn³⁺₂(Si₂O₇)(OH)₂ · H₂O	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
9.BE.05	Cortesognoite	CaV₂(Si₂O₇)(OH)₂ · H₂O	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
9.BE.05	Noelbensonite	BaMn³⁺₂(Si₂O₇)(OH)₂ · H₂O	Orth. mm2
9.BE.05	Itoigawaite	SrAl₂(Si₂O₇)(OH)₂ · H₂O	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
9.BE.07	Ilvaite	CaFe³⁺Fe²⁺₂(Si₂O₇)O(OH)	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
9.BE.07	Amamoorite	CaMn²⁺₂Mn³⁺(Si₂O₇)O(OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.07	Manganilvaite	CaFe²⁺Fe³⁺Mn²⁺(Si₂O₇)O(OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.10	Suolunite	Ca₂(H₂Si₂O₇) · H₂O	Orth. mm2 : Fdd2
9.BE.12	Jaffeite	Ca₆(Si₂O₇)(OH)₆	Trig. 3 : P3
9.BE.15	Fresnoite	Ba₂Ti(Si₂O₇)O	Tet. 4mm : P4bm
9.BE.17	Janhaugite	(Na,Ca)₃(Mn²⁺,Fe²⁺)₃(Ti,Zr,Nb)₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₂(OH,F)₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BE.17	Burpalite	Na₂CaZr(Si₂O₇)F₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.17	Niocalite	(Ca,Nb)₄(Si₂O₇)(O,OH,F)₂	Mon. m
9.BE.17	Normandite	NaCa(Mn,Fe)(Ti,Nb,Zr)(Si₂O₇)OF	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.17	Hiortdahlite	Na₂Ca₄(Ca_0.5Zr_0.5)Zr(Si₂O₇)2OF₃	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.17	Låvenite	Na₂Ca₂Mn₂Zr₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₂F₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.17	Cuspidine	Ca₈(Si₂O₇)₂F₄	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.17	Wöhlerite	Na₂Ca₄ZrNb(Si₂O₇)₂O₃F	Mon. 2 : P2₁
9.BE.17	Baghdadite	Ca₆Zr₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₄	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.20	Nacareniobsite-(Ce)	Na₃Ca₃(Ce,REE)Nb(Si₂O₇)₂OF₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.20	Roumaite	(Ca,Na,REE,◻)₇(Nb,Ti)[Si₂O₇]₂OF₃	Mon. m : Bb
9.BE.20	Rinkite-(Ce)	(Ca₃Ce)Na(NaCa)Ti(Si₂O₇)₂(OF)F₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.20	Nacareniobsite-(Nd)	Ca₂(CaNd)Na₃Nb(Si₂O₇)₂(OF)F₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.20	Rinkite-(Y)	Na₂Ca₄YTi(Si₂O₇)₂OF₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.20	Mosandrite-(Ce)	(Ca₃REE)[(H₂O)₂Ca_0.5◻_0.5]Ti(Si₂O₇)₂(OH)₂(H₂O)₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.22	Hainite-(Y)	Na₂Ca₄(Y,REE)Ti(Si₂O₇)₂OF₃	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.22	Rosenbuschite	Na₆Ca₆Zr₃Ti(Si₂O₇)₄O₂F₆	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.22	Götzenite	NaCa₆Ti(Si₂O₇)₂OF₃	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.22	Fogoite-(Y)	Na₃Ca₂Y₂Ti(Si₂O₇)₂OF₃	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.22	Kochite	Na₃Ca₂MnZrTi(Si₂O₇)₂OF₃	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.23	Dovyrenite	Ca₆Zr(Si₂O₇)₂(OH)₄	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
9.BE.25	Lamprophyllite	(Na,Mn²⁺)₃(Sr,Na)₂(Ti,Fe³⁺)₃(Si₂O₇)₂O₂(OH,O,F)₂	Mon. 2/m
9.BE.25	Seidozerite	Na₄MnZr₂Ti(Si₂O₇)₂O₂F₂	Mon. 2/m : P2/b
9.BE.25	Nabalamprophyllite	(BaNa)Ti₂Na₃Ti(Si₂O₇)₂O₂(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : P2/m
9.BE.25	Schüllerite	Ba₂Na(Mn,Ca)(Fe³⁺,Mg,Fe²⁺)₂Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂(O,F)₄	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.25	Ericssonite	BaMn²⁺₂Fe³⁺(Si₂O₇)O(OH)	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.25	Grenmarite	Na₄MnZr₃(Si₂O₇)₂O₂F₂	Mon. 2/m : P2/b
9.BE.25	Kazanskyite	BaNa₃Ti₂Nb(Si₂O₇)₂O₂(OH)₂(H₂O)₄	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.25	Saamite	Ba◻Na₃Ti₂Nb(Si₂O₇)₂O₂(OH)F(H₂O)₂	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.25	Emmerichite	Ba₂Na(Na,Fe²⁺)₂(Fe³⁺,Mg)Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₂F₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.25	Barytolamprophyllite	(Ba,Na)₂(Na,Ti,Fe³⁺)₄Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂O(OH,F)	Mon.
9.BE.25	'Ericssonite-2O'	BaMn²⁺₂Fe³⁺(Si₂O₇)O(OH)	Orth.
9.BE.25	Fluorbarytolamprophyllite	(Ba,Sr)₂[(Na,Fe²⁺)₃(Ti,Mg)F₂][Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₂]	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.25	Fluorlamprophyllite	Na₃(SrNa)Ti₃(Si₂O₇)₂O₂F₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.25	Lileyite	Ba₂(Na,Fe,Ca)₃MgTi₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₂F₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.27	Kolskyite	CaNa₂Ti₄(Si₂O₇)₂O₄(H₂O)₇	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.27	Vigrishinite	NaZnTi₄(Si₂O₇)₂O₃(OH)(H₂O)₄	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.27	Selivanovaite	NaFe³⁺Ti₄(Si₂O₇)₂O₄(H₂O)₄	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.27	Murmanite	Na₂Ti₂(Si₂O₇)O₂ · 2H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.30	Epistolite	(Na◻)Nb₂Na₃Ti(Si₂O₇)₂O₂(OH)₂(H₂O)₄	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.32	Lomonosovite	Na₅Ti₂(Si₂O₇)(PO₄)O₂	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.35	Vuonnemite	Na₁₁Ti⁴⁺Nb₂(Si₂O₇)₂(PO₄)₂O₃(F,OH)	Tric.
9.BE.37	Sobolevite	Na₁₃Ca₂Mn₂Ti₃(Si₂O₇)₂(PO₄)₄O₃F₃	Mon. m : Pb
9.BE.40	Ferroinnelite	Ba₄Ti₂Na(NaFe²⁺)Ti(Si₂O₇)₂[(SO₄)(PO₄)]O₂[O(OH)]	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.40	Phosphoinnelite	Na₃Ba₄Ti₃(Si₂O₇)₂(PO₄,SO₄)₂O₂F	Tric.
9.BE.40	Innelite	Ba₄Ti₂Na(NaMn²⁺)Ti(Si₂O₇)₂[(SO₄)(PO₄)]O₂[O(OH)]	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.42	Yoshimuraite	Ba₂Mn₂Ti(Si₂O₇)(PO₄)O(OH)	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.42	Horiite	Ba₂Mn₂Mn₄Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂(PO₄)₂O₂(OH)₂	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.45	Quadruphite	Na₆Na₂(CaNa)₂Na₂Ti₂Na₂Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂(PO₄)₄O₄F₂	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.47	Polyphite	Na₅(Na₄Ca₂)Ti₂(Si₂O₇)(PO₄)₃O₂F₂	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.50	Shkatulkalite	Na₂Nb₂Na₃Ti(Si₂O₇)₂O₂(FO)(H₂O)₄(H₂O)₃	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.50	Bornemanite	Na₆BaTi₂Nb(Si₂O₇)₂(PO₄)O₂(OH)F	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.55	Hejtmanite	Ba₂Mn²⁺₄Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₂(OH)₂F₂	Tric. 1
9.BE.55	Bykovaite	(Ba,Na,K)₂(Na,Ti,Mn)₄(Ti,Nb)₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₂(H₂O,F,OH)₂ · 3.5H₂O	Mon. 2/m
9.BE.55	Nechelyustovite	(Ba,Sr,K)₂(Na,Ti,Mn)₄(Ti,Nb)₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₂(O,H₂O,F)₂ · 4.5H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.55	Bafertisite	Ba₂Fe²⁺₄Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₂(OH)₂F₂	Tric.
9.BE.60	Delindeite	(Na,K)₂(Ba,Ca)₂(Ti,Fe,Al)₃(Si₂O₇)₂O₂(OH)₂ · 2H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.62	'Orthochevkinite'	(Ce,La,Ca,Na,Th)₄(Fe²⁺,Mg)₂(Ti,Fe³⁺)₃Si₄O₂₂	Orth.
9.BE.62 va	'Strontium Perrierite'	(Ce,Sr,La,Ca)₄Fe²⁺(Ti,Zr,Fe)₂Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₈
9.BE.62	'Chevkinite-(Nd)'	(Nd,REE)₄(Fe²⁺,Mg)(Fe²⁺,Ti,Fe³⁺)₂(Ti,Fe³⁺)₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₈ ?
9.BE.62	'Perrierite-(Nd)'	Nd₄MgFe³⁺₂Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₈ ?
9.BE.65	Bussenite	Na₂Ba₂Fe²⁺Ti(Si₂O₇)(CO₃)(OH)₃F	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.67	Jinshajiangite	BaNaFe²⁺₄Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₂(OH)₂F	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.67	Perraultite	BaNaMn²⁺₄Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₂(OH)₂F	Tric. 1
9.BE.70	Dingdaohengite-(Ce)	(Ce,La)₄Fe²⁺(Ti,Fe²⁺,Mg,Fe³⁺)₂Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₈	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.70	Perrierite-(Ce)	Ce₄MgFe³⁺₂Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₈	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.70	Karnasurtite-(Ce)	(Ce,La,Th)(Ti,Nb)(Al,Fe)(Si₂O₇)(OH)₄ · 3H₂O	Amor.
9.BE.70	Maoniupingite-(Ce)	(Ce,Ca)₄(Fe³⁺,Ti,Fe²⁺,◻)(Ti,Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺,Nb)₄(Si₂O₇)₂O₈	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.70	Matsubaraite	Sr₄Ti₅(Si₂O₇)₂O₈	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.70	Rengeite	Sr₄ZrTi₄(Si₂O₇)₂O₈	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.70	Polyakovite-(Ce)	(Ce,Ca)₄(Mg,Fe²⁺)(Cr³⁺,Fe³⁺)₂(Ti,Nb)₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₈	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.70	Hezuolinite	(Sr,REE)₄Zr(Ti,Fe³⁺)₄(Si₂O₇)₂O₈	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.70	'UM2008-53-SiO:SrTiZr'	Sr₄ZrTi₄(Si₂O₇)₂O₈	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
9.BE.70	Chevkinite-(Ce)	Ce₄(Ti,Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺)₅O₈(Si₂O₇)₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.70	Perrierite-(La)	(La,Ce,Ca)₄(Fe²⁺,Mn)(Ti,Fe³⁺,Al)₄[(Si₂O₇)O₄]₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.70	Strontiochevkinite	(Sr,La,Ce,Ca)₄Fe²⁺(Ti,Zr)₂Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₈	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.72	Fersmanite	Ca₄(Na,Ca)₄(Ti,Nb)₄(Si₂O₇)₂O₈F₃	Tric.
9.BE.75	Belkovite	Ba₃(Nb,Ti)₆(Si₂O₇)₂O₁₂	Hex. 6m2 : P62m
9.BE.77	Nasonite	Pb₆Ca₄(Si₂O₇)₃Cl₂	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
9.BE.80	Melanotekite	Pb₂Fe³⁺₂(Si₂O₇)O₂	Orth. 222 : C222₁
9.BE.80	Kentrolite	Pb₂Mn³⁺₂(Si₂O₇)O₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbcm
9.BE.82	Alexkuznetsovite-(La)	La₂Mn(CO₃)(Si₂O₇)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.82	Tilleyite	Ca₅(Si₂O₇)(CO₃)₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.85	Killalaite	Ca_6.4(H_0.6Si₂O₇)₂(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BE.87	Stavelotite-(La)	(La,Nd,Ca)₃Mn²⁺₃Cu(Mn³⁺,Fe³⁺,Mn⁴⁺)₂₆(Si₂O₇)₆O₃₀	Trig. 3 : P3₁
9.BE.90	Magnesiorowlandite-(Y)	Y₄(Mg,Fe)(Si₂O₇)₂F₂	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.90	Biraite-(Ce)	Ce₂Fe²⁺(Si₂O₇)(CO₃)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.92	Cervandonite-(Ce)	(Ce,Nd,La)(Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺,Ti,Al)₃O₂(Si₂O₇)(As³⁺O₃)(OH)	Trig. 3m : R3m
9.BE.92	Chirvinskyite	(Na,Ca)₁₃(Fe,Mn,◻)₂(Ti,Zr)₅(Si₂O₇)₄(OH,O)₁₂ · 2H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.95	Rusinovite	Ca₁₀(Si₂O₇)₃Cl₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
9.BE.95	Batisivite	BaV³⁺₈Ti₆(Si₂O₇)O₂₂	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.97	Schlüterite-(Y)	(Y,REE)₂AlSi₂O₇(OH)₂F	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

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Lawsonite in petrologyHide

An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.

Metamorphic rock
- Meta-igneous rock
  - Metavolcanic rock
    - Metabasalt
      - Glaucophane-lawsonite metabasalt

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References for LawsoniteHide

Reference List:

Ransome, Frederick Leslie (1895) On lawsonite, a new rock-forming mineral from the Tiburon Peninsula, Marin County. Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences, 1. 301-312

Ransome, F.L., Palache, C. (1896) Ueber Lawsonit en Neues gesteinbildendes Mineral aus Californien: Zeitschr. Kristallographie, Band 25: 531-537.

Schaller, W.T., Hillebrand, W.F. (1904) Crystallographical and chemical notes on lawsonite: American Journal of Science, 4th. Series: 17: 195-197.

Schaller, W.T., Hillebrand, W.F. (1905) Notes on lawsonite. United States Geological Survey Bulllletin: 262: 58-60.

Davis, G. A. (1960) Lawsonite and pumpellyite in glaucophane schist, North Berkeley Hills, California, with notes on the X-ray crystallography of lawsonite, by A. Pabst. American Journal of Science, 258 (10) 689-704 doi:10.2475/ajs.258.10.689

Crawford, W.A., Fyfe, W.S. (1965) Lawsonite equilibria. American Journal of Science: 263: 262-270.

Nitsch, K. -H. (1968) Die Stabilität von Lawsonit. Die Naturwissenschaften, 55 (8) 388 doi:10.1007/bf00593292

Nitsch, Karl-Heinz (1972) Das P - T - X_CO2 Stabilitätsfeld von Lawsonit. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 34 (2) 116-134 doi:10.1007/bf00373768

Labotka, Theodore C., Rossman, George R. (1974) The infrared pleochroism of lawsonite: The orientation of the water and hydroxide groups. American Mineralogist, 59 (7-8). 799-806

Brown, E. H. (1977) Phase equilibria among pumpellyite, lawsonite, epidote and associated minerals in low grade metamorphic rocks. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 64 (2) 123-136 doi:10.1007/bf00371507

Baur, Werner H. (1978) Crystal structure refinement of lawsonite. American Mineralogist, 63 (3-4) 311-315

Le Cléac'h, Andrée; Gillet, Philippe (1990) IR and Raman spectroscopic study of natural lawsonite. European Journal of Mineralogy, 2 (1). p.43-54. doi:10.1127/ejm/2/1/0043

Pawley, A.R. (1994) The pressure and temperature stability limits of lawsonite: implications for H2O recycling in subduction zones. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology: 118: 99-108.

Schmidt, Max W., Poli, Stefano (1994) The stability of lawsonite and zoisite at high pressures: Experiments in CASH to 92 kbar and implications for the presence of hydrous phases in subducted lithosphere. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 124 (1) 105-118 doi:10.1016/0012-821x(94)00080-8

Schmidt, M.W. (1995) Lawsonite: upper pressure stability and formation of higher density hydrous phases. American Mineralogist: 80: 1286-1292.

Libowitzky, Eugen, Armbruster, Thomas (1995) Low-temperature phase transitions and role of hydrogen bonds in lawsonite. American Mineralogist, 80 (11) 1277-1285 doi:10.2138/am-1995-11-1217

Pawley, A. R., Redfern, Simon A. T., Holland, T. J. B. (1996) Volume behavior of hydrous minerals at high pressure and temperature: I. Thermal expansion of lawsonite, zoisite, clinozoisite, and diaspore. American Mineralogist, 81 (3). 335-340 doi:10.2138/am-1996-3-407

Holland, T. J. B., Redfern, Simon A. T., Pawley, A. R. (1996) Volume behavior of hydrous minerals at high pressure and temperature: II. Compressibilities of lawsonite, zoisite, clinozoisite, and epidote. American Mineralogist, 81 (3). 341-348 doi:10.2138/am-1996-3-408

Libowitzky, Eugen, Rossman, George R. (1996) FTIR spectroscopy of lawsonite between 82 and 325 K. American Mineralogist, 81 (9) 1080-1091 doi:10.2138/am-1996-9-1004

Scott, H. P., Williams, Q. (1999) An infrared spectroscopic study of lawsonite to 20 GPa. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 26 (6) 437-445 doi:10.1007/s002690050206

Sinogeikin, Stanislav V., Schilling, Frank R., Bass, Jay D. (2000) Single crystal elasticity of lawsonite. American Mineralogist, 85 (11) 1834-1837 doi:10.2138/am-2000-11-1230

Daniel, Isabelle, Fiquet, Guillaume, Gillet, Philippe, Schmidt, Max W., Hanfland, Michael (2000) High-pressure behaviour of lawsonite: a phase transition at 8.6 GPa. European Journal of Mineralogy, 12 (4) 721-733 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2000/0012-0721

Grevel, Klaus-D., Nowlan, Elke Ursula, Fasshauer, Detlef W., Burchard, Michael (2000) In situ X-ray diffraction investigation of lawsonite and zoisite at high pressures and temperatures. American Mineralogist, 85 (1) 206-216 doi:10.2138/am-2000-0120

Meyerl, Hinrich-Wilhelm, Carpenterl, Michael A., Graeme-Barberl, Anne, Sondergeld, Peter, Schranz, Wilfried (2000) Local and macroscopic order parameter variations associated with low temperature phase transitions in lawsonite, CaAl2Si2O7(OH)2 . H2O. European Journal of Mineralogy, 12 (6) 1139-1150 doi:10.1127/ejm/12/6/1139

Sondergeld, P., Schranz, W., Kityk, A. V., Carpenter, M. A., Libowitzky, E. (2000) Ordering behaviour of the mineral lawsonite. Phase Transitions, 71 (3) 189-203 doi:10.1080/01411590008229651

Sondergeld, P., Schranz, W., Tröster, A., Carpenter, M. A., Libowitzky, E., Kityk, A. V. (2000) Optical, elastic, and dielectric studies of the phase transitions in lawsonite. Physical Review B, 62 (10) 6143-6147 doi:10.1103/physrevb.62.6143

Martín-Olalla, José -María, Hayward, Stuart A., Meyer, Hinrich-Wilhelm, Ramos, Saturio, Cerro, Jaime Del, Carpenter, Michael A. (2001) Phase transitions in lawsonite: a calorimetric study. European Journal of Mineralogy, 13 (1) 5-14 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/01/0013-0005

(2001) Lawsonite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Meyer, Hinrich-Wilhelm, Marion, Stefan, Sondergeld, Peter, Carpenter, Michael A., Knight, Kevin S., Redfern, Simon A.T., Dove, Martin T. (2001) Displacive components of the low-temperature phase transitions in lawsonite. American Mineralogist, 86 (4) 566-577 doi:10.2138/am-2001-0419

Pawley, A. R., Allan, D. R. (2001) A high-pressure structural study of lawsonite using angle-dispersive powder-diffraction methods with synchrotron radiation. Mineralogical Magazine, 65 (1) 41-58 doi:10.1180/002646101550118

Sondergeld, P.; Schranz, W.; Tröster, A.; Kabelka, H.; Meyer, H.; Carpenter, M. A.; Lodziana, Z.; Kityk, A. V. (2001) Dielectric relaxation and order-parameter dynamics in lawsonite. Physical Review B, 64 (2). 024105 doi:10.1103/physrevb.64.024105

Hayward, Stuart A., Burriel, Ramon, Marion, Stefan, Meyer, Hinrich-Wilhelm, Carpenter, Michael A. (2002) Kinetic effects associated with the low-temperature phase transitions in lawsonite. European Journal of Mineralogy, 14 (6) 1145-1153 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2002/0014-1145

Boffa Ballaran, T., Angel, R.J. (2003) Equation of state and high-pressure phase transitions in lawsonite. European Journal of Mineralogy: 15: 241-246.

Carpenter, Michael A., Meyer, Hinrich-Wilhelm, Sondergeld, Peter, Marion, Stefan, Knight, Kevin S. (2003) Spontaneous strain variations through the low temperature phase transitions of deuterated lawsonite. American Mineralogist, 88 (4) 534-546 doi:10.2138/am-2003-0407

Schilling, Frank R., Sinogeikin, Stanislav V., Bass, Jay D. (2003) Single-crystal elastic properties of lawsonite and their variation with temperature. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 136 (1). 107-118 doi:10.1016/s0031-9201(03)00024-4

Sondergeld, P. (2005) Ordering and elasticity associated with low-temperature phase transitions in lawsonite. American Mineralogist, 90 (2) 448-456 doi:10.2138/am.2005.1243

Weber, S.-U., Grodzicki, M., Geiger, C. A., Lottermoser, W., Tippelt, G., Redhammer, G. J., Bernroider, M., Amthauer, G. (2006) 57Fe Mössbauer measurements and electronic structure calculations on natural lawsonites. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 34 (1) 1-9 doi:10.1007/s00269-006-0121-y

Mulcahy, Sean R., King, Robert L., Vervoort, Jeffrey D. (2009) Lawsonite Lu-Hf geochronology: A new geochronometer for subduction zone processes. Geology, 37 (11) 987-990 doi:10.1130/g30292a.1

Kozlova, S. G., Gabuda, S. P. (2013) Single-crystal 1H NMR data and hydrogen atom disorder in lawsonite, CaAl2[Si2O7](OH)2·H2O. Journal of Structural Chemistry, 54 (S1). S146-S151 doi:10.1134/s0022476613070159

Vitale Brovarone, A., Alard, O., Beyssac, O., Martin, L., Picatto, M. (2014) Lawsonite metasomatism and trace element recycling in subduction zones. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 32 (5) 489-514 doi:10.1111/jmg.12074

Martin, L. A. J., Hermann, J., Gauthiez-Putallaz, L., Whitney, D. L., Vitale Brovarone, A., Fornash, K. F., Evans, N. J. (2014) Lawsonite geochemistry and stability - implication for trace element and water cycles in subduction zones. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 32 (5) 455-478 doi:10.1111/jmg.12093

Fornash, Katherine F., Whitney, Donna L., Seaton, Nicholas C.A. (2019) Lawsonite composition and zoning as an archive of metamorphic processes in subduction zones. Geosphere, 15. 24-46 doi:10.1130/ges01455.1

Whitney, Donna L., Fornash, Katherine F., Kang, Patricia, Ghent, Edward D., Martin, Laure, Okay, Aral I., Vitale Brovarone, Alberto (2020) Lawsonite composition and zoning as tracers of subduction processes: A global review. Lithos, 370. 105636pp. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2020.105636

Kang, Patricia, Whitney, Donna L, Martin, Laure A J, Fornash, Katherine F (2022) Trace and Rare Earth Element Compositions of Lawsonite as a Chemical Tracer of Metamorphic Processes in Subduction Zones. Journal of Petrology, 63 (8) doi:10.1093/petrology/egac065

Whitney, Donna L., Wilke, Max, Hanel, Sara E., Heidelbach, Florian, Mathon, Olivier, Rosa, Angelika D. (2025) Fe³⁺∕ΣFe variation in lawsonite and epidote in subducted oceanic crust. European Journal of Mineralogy, 37 (2). 143-149 doi:10.5194/ejm-37-143-2025

Localities for LawsoniteHide

Showing 170 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Antarctica


Australia
New South Wales Macquarie Co. Port Macquarie ⓘ Rocky Beach	Och et al. (2003)
Queensland Cloncurry Shire ⓘ Duchess ?	Edwards et al. (1953)

Austria
Salzburg Zell am See District Fusch an der Grossglocknerstrasse ⓘ Untere Pfandlscharte	Exel (1993)
Tyrol Landeck District Nauders ⓘ Saderer Joch (Zadresjoch)	Leimser et al. (1980)
Lienz District Prägraten am Großvenediger Timmelbach valley ⓘ Eissee eclogite *	Hoschek (2004)

Canada
British Columbia Omineca Mining Division Pinchi Lake ⓘ Blueschist occurrence	Ghent et al. (1990)

China
Gansu Zhangye Sunan Co. Nine Springs area ⓘ Blueschist outcrops	Qian-Jie Wang et al. (2007)
Inner Mongolia Xilingol League (Xilinguole Prefecture) Erenhot City (Erlianhaote Co.) ⓘ Wenduermiao Fe deposit	Chuanshi Xu and Jianzhen Zhang (1987)
Sonid Right Banner (Sunite Youqi) Ondor Sum ⓘ Schist outcrops	Zhuyun Yan et al. (1989)
Jiamusi Block ⓘ Heilongjiang Complex	Sun et al. (2025)
Jiangxi Shangrao Dexing Co. ⓘ Zuomiban	Zhou Guoqing (1997)
Qinghai Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture ⓘ Qilian Co.	Zhang et al. (2007)
Xinjiang Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture Tekesi Co. (Tekes Co.) Kekesu river valley ⓘ Blueschist outcrops	Jun Gao et al. (1995)

Cuba
Guantánamo Province ⓘ Sierra del Convento	Cárdenas-Párraga et al. (2010)
Villa Clara Province ⓘ Escambray Mountain (Sierra de Escambray)	Stanek et al. (2006)

Dominican Republic
María Trinidad Sánchez Province Río San Juan ⓘ Río San Juan Complex	Krebs et al. (2008) +1 other reference

Finland
South Karelia Lappeenranta ⓘ Ihalainen limestone quarry	Martin et al. (2026)

France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Savoie Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne ⓘ Modane	Abdel-Karim et al. (1989)
Brittany Morbihan Lorient Groix Pivisy ⓘ Stanvrec	Chauris (2014)
Primiture ⓘ Côte d'Héno	Chauris (2014)
ⓘ Le Gripp	Chauris (2014)
ⓘ Le Rolaz	Chauris (2014)
ⓘ Nosterven (Porh Coustic; Les Sables Rouges)	Chauris (2014)
ⓘ Porh Morvil creek	Inventaire Minéralogique de la France numero 9 Morbihan ( éditions BRGM )
ⓘ Spernec Point	Chauris (2014)
ⓘ Corsica
Haute-Corse Corte Castagniccia ⓘ Monte San Petrone	Beyssac et al. (2014)
New Caledonia Northern Province ⓘ Diahot River Valley	Briggs (1975)
Ouégoa ⓘ Mérétrice Mine	Briggs (1975)
ⓘ Pam Peninsula	Clarke et al. (1997)
Poum ⓘ Ao Mine	Briggs (1975)
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Hautes-Alpes Briançon Ceillac ⓘ Roche Noire west slope	[var: Chromium-bearing Lawsonite] Mevel et al. (1980)
Cervières ⓘ Lac des Cordes	Desmons (1990)
Saint-Véran ⓘ Les Clausis mine	R. Pierrot
ⓘ Pic Marcel	Desmons (1990)

Greece
Attica East Attica Lavreotiki Km 3 Kaminiza mines ⓘ Iron mines	Uwe Kolitsch (SEM-EDS analyses, to be published)
ⓘ Lavrion Mining District	Baziotis et al. (2009)
Central Greece Euboea ⓘ Chalcis	Xypolias et al. (2012)
South Aegean Milos Milos Island ⓘ Fyriplaka mine	Hoffman et al. (1979)
Syros-Ermoupoli ⓘ Syros	Able et al. (2001) +5 other references
Grammata Bay ⓘ Cape Marmari	[var: Chromium-bearing Lawsonite] King (n.d.)

Guatemala
Alta Verapaz Department ⓘ La Ensenada mine	Harlow et al. (2011)
Motagua Valley ⓘ Sierra de las Minas	Tsujimori (2005)
Zacapa Department ⓘ Carrizal Grande mine	Harlow et al. (2011)

Iran
Kerman Province Arzuiyeh County Soghan ⓘ Sorkhan	Oberhänsli et al. (2007)
ⓘ Sabzevar ophiolite	Rahmani et al. (2020)

Italy
Aosta Valley Champdepraz ⓘ Mont Avic	Lecacheur et al. (2024)
La Thuile ⓘ Breuil Valley	Goffé et al. (1997)
Valtournenche ⓘ Cignana Lake (Tsignanaz Lake)	Compagnoni Roberto et al. (2011)
Liguria Genoa Ne ⓘ Molinello Mine	Balestra (2016) +1 other reference
Savona Province Savona ⓘ Naso di Gatto	Antofilli et al. (1985)
Piedmont Cuneo Province ⓘ Acceglio	A. Del Caldo +2 other references
Marmora ⓘ Marmora Valley	Goffé (2002)
Pontechianale ⓘ Roc della Niera east slope	Franchi (1896 a) +4 other references
ⓘ Tour Real	Inglis et al. (2017)
Robilante ⓘ Cialancie Valley	Goffé (2002)
ⓘ Sant'Anna	Goffé (2002)
ⓘ Dora-Maira Massif	Santoro et al. (2025)
Metropolitan City of Turin ⓘ Alpette	Piccoli et al. (2007)
Bobbio Pellice ⓘ Colle del Baracun coesite occurrence	Festa et al. (2015)
Borgofranco d'Ivrea ⓘ Ivozio	Piccoli et al. (2007) +2 other references
Cesana Torinese ⓘ Monte Cruzore (Monte Cruzeau)	Martin (1984)
ⓘ Corio	Eur. J. Mineral.
ⓘ Alpe Mecio outcrop	Zuccali et al. (2010) +1 other reference
Cuorgnè ⓘ Gallenga Creek	Piccoli et al. (2007)
Lanzo Valleys ⓘ Tesso Valley	Eur. J. Mineral.
Malone Valley ⓘ Monte Croass paraschist outcrops	Eur. J. Mineral (1989)
Massello ⓘ Monte Gran Miuls south slope	Corno et al. (2022)
ⓘ Monastero di Lanzo	Eur. J. Mineral.
ⓘ Monte Soglio-Rocca Canavese micaschist outcrops	Monte Soglio-Rocca Canavese +5 other references
Pragelato ⓘ Monte Albergian basaltic metabreccia outcrop	Corno et al. (2022)
ⓘ Monte Gran Miuls northwest slope	Corno et al. (2022)
Rocca Canavese ⓘ "Gneiss Minuti" outcrops	Eur. J. Mineral.
ⓘ Paraschist outcrops	Eur. J. Mineral (1989)
ⓘ Thrust-sheet outcrops	Eur. J. Mineral.
ⓘ Salbertrand	Piccoli et al. (2007)
Tuscany Grosseto Province Isola del Giglio Giglio Island Franco Promontory ⓘ Poggio Zuffolone	Marinai
ⓘ Monte Argentario	Azzaro E. et al. (1977)
ⓘ Cala Grande	Azzaro E. et al. (1977) +3 other references
ⓘ Cala Moresca	Azzaro E. et al. (1977) +3 other references
Livorno Province Livorno ⓘ Gorgona Island	Barsotti et al. (2006)

Japan
Kumamoto Prefecture Yatsushiro City Toyo ⓘ Taneyama mine	Deer (inosilicates vol.)
Niigata Prefecture ⓘ Itoigawa City	Shi et al. (2012)
Okayama Prefecture Niimi City ⓘ Mt Ohsa (Ohsayama; Osayama)	Toshio Nozaka and Tsugio Shibata (1994)
ⓘ Sanbagawa metamorphic belt	WATANABE et al. (1984)
Shimane Prefecture Gotsu City ⓘ Shikuma	Watanabe et al. (1983)
Shizuoka Prefecture ⓘ Shibukawa	Tomioka et al. (2025)
Tokushima Prefecture Katsuura district ⓘ Katsu-ura	Petrology exhibit at Stone Fair

North Macedonia
Prilep Municipality ⓘ Vitolište	Altherr et al. (2017)

Norway
Svalbard Spitsbergen Oscar II land ⓘ Vestgötabreen Formation	Hirajima et al. (1984)
ⓘ Lawsonite occurrences	Hirajima et al. (1984)

Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Ząbkowice Śląskie County Gmina Kamieniec Zabkowicki ⓘ Kamieniec Ząbkowicki	Ilnicki et al. (2023)

Romania
Sibiu County Făgăraș Mountains ⓘ Cr-lawsonite occurrence	[var: Chromium-bearing Lawsonite] Negulescu et al. (2012)

Russia
Bashkortostan ⓘ Maksyutov Complex	Leech et al. (2000)

Slovakia
Košice Region Košice-okolie District ⓘ Medzev	Koděra et al. (1986)

Switzerland
Valais ⓘ Zermatt - Saas Fee area	Lecacheur et al. (2024)

Turkey
Bursa Province Harmancık District ⓘ Bektaşlar	Okay (1997)
ⓘ Orhaneli District	Okay (2002)
Eskişehir Province Sivrihisar District ⓘ Kaymaz deposit	Turan et al. (2026)
ⓘ Sivrihisar Massif	DAVIS et al. (2006)
ⓘ Tavşanlı Zone	[var: Chromium-bearing Lawsonite] Sherlock et al. (1999)
Kütahya Province Tavşanlı District ⓘ Tavşanlı	Okay (1981)
ⓘ Tavşanlı Porphyry Belt	Kocatürk et al. (2025)
Tekirdag Province Şarköy District ⓘ Yeniköy-Kocaeli area	Şentürk et al. (1981-82)

USA
Arizona Apache County Dennehotso ⓘ Garnet Ridge	Watson et al. (1969) +1 other reference
California Alameda County Berkeley ⓘ Unnamed Lawsonite occurrence [1]	Thelen (1905) +2 other references
Callahan Gulch ⓘ Unnamed Lawsonite occurrence [2]	[…Neues Jahrb. +3 other references
Livermore Mining District (Tesla District) Tesla ⓘ Unnamed Lawsonite occurrence [3]	Rogers (1915a) +3 other references
Coastal Range Dos Rios ⓘ Burger Creek	Murdoch (1966) +2 other references
Laytonville ⓘ Laytonville Quarry	Chesterman (1966b) +2 other references
Longvale North of Longvale ⓘ New Covelo Road roadcuts	Murdoch (1966)
ⓘ Outlet Creek occurrence	Färber (n.d.)
State route 162 (Covelo Road) ⓘ Syke Rock	Pemberton (1983) +1 other reference
McClure Place Jumpoff Creek ⓘ Headwaters of Jumpoff Creek	Murdoch et al. (1966)
Colusa County Coast Ranges Goat Mountain ⓘ Unnamed Garnet occurrence [1]	Ernst et al. (1970) +2 other references
Contra Costa County El Cerrito ⓘ Mrs. Anson Blake estate	Davis (1960) +5 other references
Del Norte County ⓘ Unspecified lawsonite-glaucophane occurrence [1]	Blake et al. (1967) +2 other references
ⓘ Diablo Range	Tsujimori
ⓘ Humboldt County	Blake et al. (1967) +2 other references
ⓘ Yager Junction	Rogers (1915a) +1 other reference
Los Angeles County Palos Verdes Peninsula Palos Verdes Hills George Canyon (George F. Canyon) ⓘ Unspecified Mn occurrence	Woodring et al. (1946) +2 other references
San Pedro ⓘ Point Fermin	Woodford (1924) +2 other references
ⓘ Santa Catalina Island	Rowland (1984)
Escondido Canyon ⓘ North of Orizaba Peak (Mount Orizaba)	Bailey (1941a) +2 other references
ⓘ Western Tip of Santa Catalina Island	Woodford (1924) +3 other references
Marin County ⓘ Angel Island	Bloxam (1960) +4 other references
Novato ⓘ RMP pit No. 1	Chuck Trantham specimen
Tiburon Peninsula ⓘ Reed Station (TL)	Ransome (1895) +4 other references
ⓘ Mendocino County	Blake et al. (1967) +2 other references
San Benito County Glaucophane Ridge ⓘ Unnamed Lawsonite-Glaucophane occurrence [1]	Murdoch et al. (1966)
ⓘ New Idria Mining District	Shi et al. (2012)
ⓘ Panoche Pass	Ernst (1965) +2 other references
ⓘ Cymrite-Jadeite occurrence [1]	Essene (1967)
Picacho Peak ⓘ Clear Creek area	Yoder et al. (1951) +2 other references
ⓘ San Diego County	its nature and origin: University of ... +3 other references
San Luis Obispo County San Luis Obispo ⓘ East of San Luis Obispo	Eakle (1906) +2 other references
Santa Lucia Mts (Santa Lucia Range) ⓘ Cayucos	Smith (1906) +1 other reference
San Mateo County Redwood City ⓘ Unnamed Lawsonite occurrence [1]	Eakle (1906) +2 other references
Santa Barbara County Channel Islands National Park Santa Rosa Island ⓘ Lawsonite occurrence	Bailey (1928) +1 other reference
Santa Clara County Black Wonder Mining District Alum Rock ⓘ Smith Creek	Rogers (1915a) +2 other references
Eylar Mountain ⓘ Unnamed Lawsonite occurrence [1]	Rogers (1915a) +3 other references
Mount Hamilton ⓘ Garzas	Barrel Sidney Cowan (1978)
ⓘ Unnamed Lawsonite occurrence [2]	[…Neues Jahrb. +4 other references
Calaveras Valley ⓘ North End of Calaveras Valley	Rogers (1915a) +3 other references
ⓘ Coyote Canyon area	Smith (1906) +1 other reference
ⓘ Mines Road cross section
Pacheco Pass ⓘ Pacheco Pass area	McKee (1962) +5 other references
ⓘ Road West of the Pacheco Pass summit	Essene (1967) +3 other references
San Jose Oak Hill ⓘ Hillsdale Mine (Chaboya-Hillsdale Mine; San Juan Bautista Mine; San Juan Mine; San Juan Quicksilver Mine; Sheboya Mine; Chapman Mine; Oak Hill Mine)	Smith (1906) +2 other references
Sonoma County ⓘ Buckeye Creek	Murdoch et al. (1966)
Coast Range ⓘ Camp Meeker	Murdoch (1966) +2 other references
Cazadero ⓘ Cazadero Highway occurrence	Murdoch (1966) +2 other references
ⓘ Ward Creek [2]	DHZ +4 other references
Guerneville Mining District ⓘ Guerneville	Smith (1906) +1 other reference
Healdsburg ⓘ Mill Creek area	Irving et al. (1932) +4 other references
ⓘ Porter Creek	Switzer (1951) +2 other references
ⓘ Valley Ford	King (n.d.)
ⓘ Unnamed Glaucophane occurrence [2]	70 +4 other references
West Mayacmas Mining District Cloverdale ⓘ Russian River occurrences	Essene et al. (1967) +2 other references
Stanislaus County Ladd-Buckeye Mining District Mount Oso ⓘ Buckeye Mine (Buckeye Mines; Wright Mine)	Huebner +3 other references
North Carolina ⓘ Alleghany County	National Geochemical Database -Rocks
Oregon Coos County ⓘ Powers quarry	Muir Wood (1982)
Utah San Juan County ⓘ Moses Rock	Schulze et al. (2014)
Washington Kittitas County ⓘ Hicks Butte complex	MacDonald Jr et al. (2022)
Snohomish County Darrington Mining District ⓘ Swede Haven Lawsonite Occurrence	Cannon (1975)

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Lawsonite

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