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Aqishan Pb-Zn deposit, Shanshan Co., Turpan, Xinjiang, Chinai
Regional Level Types
Aqishan Pb-Zn depositDeposit
Shanshan Co.County
TurpanPrefecture
XinjiangAutonomous Region
ChinaCountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
41° 49' 11'' North , 90° 51' 23'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
41.81972,90.85639
GRN:
N28E50
Type:
Deposit
Köppen climate type:
BWk : Cold desert climate
Mindat Locality ID:
455555
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:455555:4
GUID (UUID V4):
0


The Yamansu Formation is the dominant lithologic strata covering an area of ∼ 6 km2, which is composed, stratigraphically from bottom to top, of the lower rhyolitic tuff intercalated with limestone, the middle intermediate-acid volcanics and clastic rocks, the upper feldspar sandstone, limestone, and tuffaceous sandstone with minor acid volcanic clastic rocks, and the uppermost volcanics and clastic sedimentary rocks including andesitic tuff, tuff, dacite, and tuffaceous siltstone. Tugutubulake Formation is confined to the southeast of Aqishan ore district, consisting mainly of tuff, andesitic tuff, basalt, and andesite. A portion of Yamansu volcanoclastic rocks occur as interlayers between green skarn (andradite) and red skarn (grossular).
Geological surveys have outlined a total of 45 Pb-Zn orebodies at Aqishan, with mineralization confined to a 4200-m-long and 300 to 800-m-wide zone. The ores commonly occur as stratiform, stratiform-like, veins, and locally lenticular that were hosted by the altered tuff and skarn that occur distal to an intrusion of granite porphyry, with minor ores near the contact zone between the intrusions and tuff rocks. The Pb-Zn orebodies have a dominant northeast strike roughly subparallel to the bedding of volcanics and skarn, displaying typical features of stratigraphic controls. These orebodies are approximately 0.14–3.74 km long and 2.06–48.54 m thick. Pb and Zn grade are estimated at 0.05%–0.77%, and 0.55%–2.50%, respectively. To date, the obtained metal reserve is 1.97 Mt with an average grade of 1.05% Pb + Zn. Three paragenetic sequences of skarn alteration and ore formation were identified, characterized by assemblages of prograde skarn (pre-ore), retrograde skarn and Pb-Zn sulfides (syn-ore), and barren carbonates (post-ore), respectively, with each stage partially overprinting or replacing earlier stages.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.


Mineral List


25 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Actinolite
Formula: ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘ Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ Almandine
Formula: Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3
ⓘ Andradite
Formula: Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
ⓘ 'Andradite-Grossular Series'
ⓘ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ Arsenopyrite
Formula: FeAsS
ⓘ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
ⓘ 'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup'
Formula: AnCa2(Z2+5-mZ3+m)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
ⓘ 'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende'
Formula: AnCa2(Z2+5-mZ3+m)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
ⓘ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
ⓘ Chamosite
Formula: (Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8
ⓘ Chamosite var. Brunsvigite
Formula: (Fe2+,Mg,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'
ⓘ Epidote
Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'
ⓘ Galena
Formula: PbS
ⓘ 'Garnet Group'
Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3
ⓘ Grossular
Formula: Ca3Al2(SiO4)3
ⓘ Kaolinite
Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
ⓘ 'K Feldspar'
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ 'Plagioclase'
Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ Pyrope
Formula: Mg3Al2(SiO4)3
ⓘ 'Pyroxene Group'
Formula: ADSi2O6
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Quartz var. Microcrystalline quartz
ⓘ Sanidine
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ Spessartine
Formula: Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3
ⓘ Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS
ⓘ Tinzenite
Formula: Ca2Mn2+4Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2
ⓘ Titanite
Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O
ⓘ Tremolite
Formula: ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
ⓘ Uvarovite
Formula: Ca3Cr2(SiO4)3
ⓘ Zircon
Formula: Zr(SiO4)

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘSphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
ⓘChalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
ⓘGalena2.CD.10PbS
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
ⓘArsenopyrite2.EB.20FeAsS
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘQuartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘvar. Microcrystalline quartz4.DA.05SiO2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘAndradite9.AD.25Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
ⓘAlmandine9.AD.25Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3
ⓘGrossular9.AD.25Ca3Al2(SiO4)3
ⓘPyrope9.AD.25Mg3Al2(SiO4)3
ⓘSpessartine9.AD.25Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3
ⓘUvarovite9.AD.25Ca3Cr2(SiO4)3
ⓘZircon9.AD.30Zr(SiO4)
ⓘTitanite9.AG.15CaTi(SiO4)O
ⓘTinzenite9.BD.20Ca2Mn2+4Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2
ⓘEpidote9.BG.05a(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘActinolite9.DE.10◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘTremolite9.DE.10◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
ⓘMuscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘvar. Sericite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘChamosite9.EC.55(Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8
ⓘvar. Brunsvigite9.EC.55(Fe2+,Mg,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
ⓘKaolinite9.ED.05Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
ⓘSanidine9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘAlbite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
Unclassified
ⓘ'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ'Chlorite Group'-
ⓘ'Feldspar Group'-
ⓘ'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup
var. Hornblende'		-AnCa2(Z2+5-mZ3+m)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
ⓘ'Andradite-Grossular Series'-
ⓘ'Plagioclase'-(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ'K Feldspar'-
ⓘ'Pyroxene Group'-ADSi2O6
ⓘ'Garnet Group'-X3Z2(SiO4)3
ⓘ'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup'-AnCa2(Z2+5-mZ3+m)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Hⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hⓘ Chamosite(Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8
Hⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Hⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. HornblendeAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
Hⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Hⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ TinzeniteCa2Mn42+Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2
Hⓘ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Hⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ Chamosite var. Brunsvigite(Fe2+,Mg,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Hⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Hⓘ Calcium Amphibole SubgroupAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
BBoron
Bⓘ TinzeniteCa2Mn42+Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2
CCarbon
Cⓘ CalciteCaCO3
OOxygen
Oⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Oⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ AndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Oⓘ AlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Oⓘ Chamosite(Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8
Oⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Oⓘ GrossularCa3Al2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. HornblendeAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
Oⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ PyropeMg3Al2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ TinzeniteCa2Mn42+Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2
Oⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Oⓘ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Oⓘ UvaroviteCa3Cr2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Oⓘ Andradite-Grossular Series
Oⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Oⓘ Chamosite var. Brunsvigite(Fe2+,Mg,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Oⓘ Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
Oⓘ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Oⓘ Calcium Amphibole SubgroupAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
FFluorine
Fⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Fⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. HornblendeAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
Fⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Fⓘ Calcium Amphibole SubgroupAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
NaSodium
Naⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Naⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Mgⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mgⓘ Chamosite(Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8
Mgⓘ PyropeMg3Al2(SiO4)3
Mgⓘ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Mgⓘ Chamosite var. Brunsvigite(Fe2+,Mg,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
AlAluminium
Alⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ AlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
Alⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alⓘ Chamosite(Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8
Alⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Alⓘ GrossularCa3Al2(SiO4)3
Alⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. HornblendeAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
Alⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Alⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ PyropeMg3Al2(SiO4)3
Alⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
Alⓘ TinzeniteCa2Mn42+Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2
Alⓘ Andradite-Grossular Series
Alⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Alⓘ Chamosite var. Brunsvigite(Fe2+,Mg,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Alⓘ Calcium Amphibole SubgroupAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
SiSilicon
Siⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Siⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ AndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Siⓘ AlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
Siⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siⓘ Chamosite(Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8
Siⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Siⓘ GrossularCa3Al2(SiO4)3
Siⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. HornblendeAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
Siⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Siⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ PyropeMg3Al2(SiO4)3
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
Siⓘ TinzeniteCa2Mn42+Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2
Siⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Siⓘ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Siⓘ UvaroviteCa3Cr2(SiO4)3
Siⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Siⓘ Andradite-Grossular Series
Siⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Siⓘ Chamosite var. Brunsvigite(Fe2+,Mg,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Siⓘ Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
Siⓘ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
Siⓘ Calcium Amphibole SubgroupAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
SSulfur
Sⓘ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Sⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sⓘ GalenaPbS
Sⓘ PyriteFeS2
Sⓘ SphaleriteZnS
ClChlorine
Clⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. HornblendeAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
Clⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Clⓘ Calcium Amphibole SubgroupAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
KPotassium
Kⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
Kⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Caⓘ AndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Caⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Caⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Caⓘ GrossularCa3Al2(SiO4)3
Caⓘ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. HornblendeAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
Caⓘ TinzeniteCa2Mn42+Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2
Caⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Caⓘ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Caⓘ UvaroviteCa3Cr2(SiO4)3
Caⓘ Andradite-Grossular Series
Caⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Caⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Caⓘ Calcium Amphibole SubgroupAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Tiⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
CrChromium
Crⓘ UvaroviteCa3Cr2(SiO4)3
MnManganese
Mnⓘ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
Mnⓘ TinzeniteCa2Mn42+Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2
FeIron
Feⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Feⓘ AndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Feⓘ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Feⓘ AlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
Feⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feⓘ Chamosite(Fe2+,Mg,Al,Fe3+)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8
Feⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ PyriteFeS2
Feⓘ Andradite-Grossular Series
Feⓘ Chamosite var. Brunsvigite(Fe2+,Mg,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
CuCopper
Cuⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
ZnZinc
Znⓘ SphaleriteZnS
AsArsenic
Asⓘ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
ZrZirconium
Zrⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
PbLead
Pbⓘ GalenaPbS

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

AsiaContinent
Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate
TurkestanArea

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

[1]Wang, Kang, Wang, Yinhong, Deng, Jun, Liu, Jiajun, Zhang, Fangfang, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Hui, Gu, Wenxin, Chen, Hong (2024) Geology and genesis of the Aqishan Pb-Zn deposit, NW China: Insights from mineralogy, geochemistry, and in situ U-Pb geochronology. Geoscience Frontiers, 15 (5). doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2024.101877
Liu, Yao, Liu, Gaozhi, Zhao, Chongbin (2025) Dual length-scale modelling of the formation mechanism relevant to the Caixiashan Pb-Zn deposit, Xinjiang, China: Effects of regional-model bottom boundary-conditions on mineralization patterns. Ore Geology Reviews, 180. 106547 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106547
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