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Basalt outcrops, Salmi, Pitkyaranta mining district, Pitkyarantsky District, Republic of Karelia, Russiai
Regional Level Types
Basalt outcropsGroup of Outcrops
SalmiVillage
Pitkyaranta mining districtMining District (Abandoned)
Pitkyarantsky DistrictDistrict
Republic of KareliaRepublic
RussiaCountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
61° North , 31° East (est.)
Estimate based on other nearby localities or region boundaries.
Margin of Error:
~3km
GRN:
N41E12
Type:
Group of Outcrops
Deposit first discovered:
1969
Köppen climate type:
Dfc : Subarctic climate
Mindat Locality ID:
195574
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:195574:6
GUID (UUID V4):
0


The occurrence of so-called Salmi agates (after the name of the nearby village) was initially discovered in 1969 during a geologic exploration to the south of Pitkäranta town and later described by Polekhovsky and Punin in 2008.

Agates from the volcanic rocks of the Mesoproterozoic Pasha–Ladoga Basin (Fennoscandian Shield, NW Russia). Agate mineralization is mainly exposed in the upper part of Priozersk Formation (PrF) which is composed of terrigenous sedimentary sequence (with a thickness from the first to 450 m) of red-coloured arkose sandstones, mudstones, gravels, and conglomerates, underlying the volcanic sequence (with a total thickness of 120 m or more). Volcanics are presented by nine lava flows of basalts interbedded with horizons of tuff, tuff-breccia, tuffites, and sandstones. Agates are widespread as an infill of fissures, gas vesicles in lavas, and an infill of cavities in slags and lava-breccias. Most agates are round-shaped nodules and veinlets, their size ranges from 1 to 15−20 cm. The frequency of agate occurrence is about of 3–14 per 10 m² of the lava flow surface.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.


Mineral List


19 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Anorthite
Formula: Ca(Al2Si2O8)
ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite
Formula: (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
ⓘ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ Augite
Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
ⓘ Baryte
Formula: BaSO4
ⓘ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
ⓘ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'
ⓘ Clinochlore
Formula: Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
ⓘ Epidote
Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'
ⓘ Forsterite
Formula: Mg2SiO4
ⓘ Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
ⓘ Hydroxylapatite
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(OH)
ⓘ Ilmenite
Formula: Fe2+TiO3
ⓘ 'Leucoxene'
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
ⓘ Manganite
Formula: Mn3+O(OH)
ⓘ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ 'Plagioclase'
Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Quartz var. Agate
Formula: SiO2
Habit: The agates are characterized by diverse textures and frequently exhibited concentric zoning patterns. The vein agates most often have a poor-fancy texture pattern.
Colour: red-brownish
Description: The Salmi agates are characterized by specific red-brownish coloration. The colour likely results from chromogenic Fe-oxides compounds disseminated within the agate matrix. The agate nodules often exhibit concentrically zoning patterns. Some of them are characterized by distinct coarse (1−2 cm) and fine (from few micrometres) banding, poor-fancy agate varieties are also widespread. Frequently agates contain large calcite and/or quartz crystals. Aggregations of chlorite inclusions were commonly observed in the contact area to the host rock.[[1]]
ⓘ Quartz var. Amethyst
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Quartz var. Carnelian
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Quartz var. Onyx
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Rutile
Formula: TiO2
ⓘ Titanite
Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O
ⓘ Zircon
Formula: Zr(SiO4)

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘChalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘvar. Titanium-bearing Magnetite4.BB.05Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
ⓘHematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
ⓘIlmenite4.CB.05Fe2+TiO3
ⓘQuartz
var. Agate		4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘvar. Amethyst4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘvar. Chalcedony4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘvar. Onyx4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘ4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘvar. Carnelian4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘRutile4.DB.05TiO2
ⓘManganite4.FD.15Mn3+O(OH)
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘBaryte7.AD.35BaSO4
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘHydroxylapatite8.BN.05Ca5(PO4)3(OH)
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘForsterite9.AC.05Mg2SiO4
ⓘZircon9.AD.30Zr(SiO4)
ⓘTitanite9.AG.15CaTi(SiO4)O
ⓘEpidote9.BG.05a(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘAugite9.DA.15(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
ⓘMuscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘClinochlore9.EC.55Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
ⓘAnorthite9.FA.35Ca(Al2Si2O8)
ⓘvar. Labradorite9.FA.35(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Unclassified
ⓘ'Chlorite Group'-
ⓘ'Feldspar Group'-
ⓘ'Leucoxene'-
ⓘ'Plagioclase'-(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Hⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Hⓘ HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4)3(OH)
Hⓘ ManganiteMn3+O(OH)
Hⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
CCarbon
Cⓘ CalciteCaCO3
OOxygen
Oⓘ Quartz var. AgateSiO2
Oⓘ Quartz var. AmethystSiO2
Oⓘ AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Oⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Oⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Oⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Oⓘ Quartz var. ChalcedonySiO2
Oⓘ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Oⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Oⓘ ForsteriteMg2SiO4
Oⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Oⓘ HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4)3(OH)
Oⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Oⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Oⓘ ManganiteMn3+O(OH)
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ Quartz var. OnyxSiO2
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ RutileTiO2
Oⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Oⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
Oⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Oⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Oⓘ Quartz var. CarnelianSiO2
Oⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
FFluorine
Fⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
NaSodium
Naⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Naⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Mgⓘ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Mgⓘ ForsteriteMg2SiO4
AlAluminium
Alⓘ AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Alⓘ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Alⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Alⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Alⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
SiSilicon
Siⓘ Quartz var. AgateSiO2
Siⓘ Quartz var. AmethystSiO2
Siⓘ AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Siⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Siⓘ Quartz var. ChalcedonySiO2
Siⓘ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Siⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Siⓘ ForsteriteMg2SiO4
Siⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Siⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ Quartz var. OnyxSiO2
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Siⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Siⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Siⓘ Quartz var. CarnelianSiO2
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4)3(OH)
Pⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
SSulfur
Sⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Sⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sⓘ PyriteFeS2
ClChlorine
Clⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
KPotassium
Kⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caⓘ AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Caⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Caⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Caⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Caⓘ HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4)3(OH)
Caⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]
Caⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Caⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Caⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Tiⓘ RutileTiO2
Tiⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Tiⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
MnManganese
Mnⓘ ManganiteMn3+O(OH)
FeIron
Feⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Feⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Feⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Feⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ PyriteFeS2
Feⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
CuCopper
Cuⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
ZrZirconium
Zrⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
BaBarium
Baⓘ BaryteBaSO4

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

Baltic Shield (Fennoscandian Shield)Shield
Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate
EuropeContinent
Soviet Union (1922-1991)Country

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Polekhovsky, Yu. S., Punin, Yu. O. (2008) Agate mineralization in basaltoids of the northeastern Ladoga region, South Karelia. Geology of Ore Deposits, 50 (7) 642-646 doi:10.1134/s1075701508070167
[1]Svetova, Evgeniya N., and Sergei A. Svetov. (2023) "Agates from Mesoproterozoic Volcanics (Pasha–Ladoga Basin, NW Russia): Characteristics and Proposed Origin" Minerals 13, no. 1: 62. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13010062
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