Quick Links : The Mindat Manual The Rock H. Currier Digital Library Mindat Newsletter [Free Download]

Home Page About Mindat The Mindat Manual History of Mindat Copyright Status Who We Are Contact Us Advertise on Mindat

Donate to Mindat Corporate Sponsorship Sponsor a Page Sponsored Pages Mindat Advertisers Advertise on Mindat

Learning Center What is a mineral?The most common minerals on earth Information for Educators Mindat Articles The Elements The Rock H. Currier Digital Library Geologic Time Explore Fossils

Minerals by Properties Minerals by Chemistry Mineral Visual Explorer Advanced Locality Search Random Mineral Random Locality Search by minID Localities Near Me Search Articles Search Glossary More Search Options

The Mindat Manual Add a New Photo Rate Photos Locality Edit Report Coordinate Completion Report Add Glossary Item

Mining Companies Statistics Users Mineral Museums Clubs & Organizations Mineral Shows & Events The Mindat Directory Device Settings The Mineral Quiz Time Machine

Photo Search Photo Galleries Search by Color Photo Colour Explorer New Photos Today New Photos Yesterday Members' Photo Galleries Past Photo of the Day Gallery Photography

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal i
Regional Level Types
Sintra Complex Complex
Sintra Municipality
Lisbon District
Portugal Country

Regional Level Types
Sintra Complex	Complex
Sintra	Municipality
Lisbon	District
Portugal	Country

This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.

Photos Maps Search Mineralogy

Standard

All Photos (63)Specimen Photos (56)Locality Photos (7)Photos by Color Gallery Photo Statistics Add Photo

Mineral Search Similar Localities Search Google

Predictive Mineralogy

Tectonic map of Sintra

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Hypsometric map

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Serra de Sintra

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Tectonic map of Sintra

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Hypsometric map

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Serra de Sintra

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Tectonic map of Sintra

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Hypsometric map

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):

38° North , 9° West (est.)

Estimate based on other nearby localities or region boundaries.

Margin of Error:

~14km

GRN:

N26W06

Type:

Complex

Köppen climate type:

Csa : Hot-summer Mediterranean climate

Mindat Locality ID:

155458

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:2:155458:1

GUID (UUID V4):

Other/historical names associated with this locality:

Sintra Mountain

Name(s) in local language(s):

Serra de Sintra, Sintra, Distrito de Lisboa, Portugal

Sintra Mountain, Portuguese "Serra de Sintra", mountain range, western Portugal. Also known as "Mount of the Moon".

The Sintra igneous complex outcrops approximately 25 km west of Lisbon, having an emerged area of approximately 40 km2. It reaches an altitude of 529 meters and is oriented east-west. It is integrated in the Natural Park of Sintra-Cascais, showing at its foot the town of Sintra. It extends about 10 miles (16 km) from Sintra to the Cape Roca on the Atlantic Ocean and continues underwater.

The complex can be considered as being constituted by three main units, as follows: i) the Sintra granite, ii) the Cabo da Roca complex, a unit located in the western part of the complex and formed by amphibole rich gabbros (mafraites), quartz diorites, quartz syenites and igneous breccias and iii) the surrounding complex of dykes.

Ferri-kaersutite occurs in the gabbros and some of the dykes, both as groundmass composition and as phenocrysts, and the amphibole crystals can locally reach “pegmatitic” size.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List

25 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Aegirine

Formula: NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆

References:

Wright, J. B. (1968). Re-interpretation of a mixed petrographic province—The Sintra intrusive complex (Portugal) and related rocks. Geologische Rundschau, 58(2), 538-564.

Sparks, R. S. J., & Wadge, G. (1975). Geological and geochemical studies of the Sintra alkaline igneous complex, Portugal. Bulletin Volcanologique, 39(3), 385-406.

Macintyre, R. M., & Berger, G. W. (1982). A note on the geochronology of the Iberian Alkaline Province. Lithos, 15(2), 133-136.

Le Maitre, R. W. - Ed. (2002) Igneous Rocks - A Classification and Glossary of Terms (2nd ed.) Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511535581

Grange, M., Scharer, U., Merle, R., Girardeau, J., Cornen, G. (2010) Plume-Lithosphere Interaction during Migration of Cretaceous Alkaline Magmatism in SW Portugal: Evidence from U-Pb Ages and Pb-Sr-Hf Isotopes. Journal of Petrology, 51 (5) 1143-1170 doi:10.1093/petrology/egq018

ⓘ Aegirine-augite

Formula: (Na_aCa_bFe²⁺_cMg_d)(Fe³⁺_eAl_fFe²⁺_gMg_h)Si₂O₆

References:

Wright, J. B. (1968). Re-interpretation of a mixed petrographic province—The Sintra intrusive complex (Portugal) and related rocks. Geologische Rundschau, 58(2), 538-564.

Sparks, R. S. J., & Wadge, G. (1975). Geological and geochemical studies of the Sintra alkaline igneous complex, Portugal. Bulletin Volcanologique, 39(3), 385-406.

Macintyre, R. M., & Berger, G. W. (1982). A note on the geochronology of the Iberian Alkaline Province. Lithos, 15(2), 133-136.

Le Maitre, R. W. - Ed. (2002) Igneous Rocks - A Classification and Glossary of Terms (2nd ed.) Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511535581

ⓘ Albite

Formula: Na(AlSi₃O₈)

References:

Wright, J. B. (1968). Re-interpretation of a mixed petrographic province—The Sintra intrusive complex (Portugal) and related rocks. Geologische Rundschau, 58(2), 538-564.

Sparks, R. S. J., & Wadge, G. (1975). Geological and geochemical studies of the Sintra alkaline igneous complex, Portugal. Bulletin Volcanologique, 39(3), 385-406.

Macintyre, R. M., & Berger, G. W. (1982). A note on the geochronology of the Iberian Alkaline Province. Lithos, 15(2), 133-136.

Le Maitre, R. W. - Ed. (2002) Igneous Rocks - A Classification and Glossary of Terms (2nd ed.) Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511535581

ⓘ Albite var. Andesine

Formula: (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]

References:

Wright, J. B. (1968). Re-interpretation of a mixed petrographic province—The Sintra intrusive complex (Portugal) and related rocks. Geologische Rundschau, 58(2), 538-564.

Sparks, R. S. J., & Wadge, G. (1975). Geological and geochemical studies of the Sintra alkaline igneous complex, Portugal. Bulletin Volcanologique, 39(3), 385-406.

Macintyre, R. M., & Berger, G. W. (1982). A note on the geochronology of the Iberian Alkaline Province. Lithos, 15(2), 133-136.

Le Maitre, R. W. - Ed. (2002) Igneous Rocks - A Classification and Glossary of Terms (2nd ed.) Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511535581

ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase

Formula: (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]

References:

Wright, J. B. (1968). Re-interpretation of a mixed petrographic province—The Sintra intrusive complex (Portugal) and related rocks. Geologische Rundschau, 58(2), 538-564.

Sparks, R. S. J., & Wadge, G. (1975). Geological and geochemical studies of the Sintra alkaline igneous complex, Portugal. Bulletin Volcanologique, 39(3), 385-406.

Macintyre, R. M., & Berger, G. W. (1982). A note on the geochronology of the Iberian Alkaline Province. Lithos, 15(2), 133-136.

Le Maitre, R. W. - Ed. (2002) Igneous Rocks - A Classification and Glossary of Terms (2nd ed.) Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511535581

ⓘ 'Alkali Feldspar'

References:

Wright, J. B. (1968). Re-interpretation of a mixed petrographic province—The Sintra intrusive complex (Portugal) and related rocks. Geologische Rundschau, 58(2), 538-564.

Sparks, R. S. J., & Wadge, G. (1975). Geological and geochemical studies of the Sintra alkaline igneous complex, Portugal. Bulletin Volcanologique, 39(3), 385-406.

Macintyre, R. M., & Berger, G. W. (1982). A note on the geochronology of the Iberian Alkaline Province. Lithos, 15(2), 133-136.

Le Maitre, R. W. - Ed. (2002) Igneous Rocks - A Classification and Glossary of Terms (2nd ed.) Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511535581

ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'

Formula: AB₂C₅(T₈O₂₂)W₂

References:

Rui Nunes ref "mafraito"

Wright, J. B. (1968). Re-interpretation of a mixed petrographic province—The Sintra intrusive complex (Portugal) and related rocks. Geologische Rundschau, 58(2), 538-564.

Sparks, R. S. J., & Wadge, G. (1975). Geological and geochemical studies of the Sintra alkaline igneous complex, Portugal. Bulletin Volcanologique, 39(3), 385-406.

Macintyre, R. M., & Berger, G. W. (1982). A note on the geochronology of the Iberian Alkaline Province. Lithos, 15(2), 133-136.

Le Maitre, R. W. - Ed. (2002) Igneous Rocks - A Classification and Glossary of Terms (2nd ed.) Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511535581

ⓘ Andradite

Formula: Ca₃Fe³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃

References:

Rui Nunes 2010

ⓘ Anorthite

Formula: Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)

References:

Rui Nunes 2010

ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite

Formula: (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]

References:

Rui Nunes 2010

Wright, J. B. (1968). Re-interpretation of a mixed petrographic province—The Sintra intrusive complex (Portugal) and related rocks. Geologische Rundschau, 58(2), 538-564.

Sparks, R. S. J., & Wadge, G. (1975). Geological and geochemical studies of the Sintra alkaline igneous complex, Portugal. Bulletin Volcanologique, 39(3), 385-406.

Macintyre, R. M., & Berger, G. W. (1982). A note on the geochronology of the Iberian Alkaline Province. Lithos, 15(2), 133-136.

Le Maitre, R. W. - Ed. (2002) Igneous Rocks - A Classification and Glossary of Terms (2nd ed.) Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511535581

ⓘ 'Apatite'

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄)₃A

References:

Carta Geológica de Portugal (1/50.000), Notícia Explicativa da Folha 34-A SINTRA, M.Ramalho, J.Pais, J.Rey, P.Y.Berthou, C.A.M.Alves, T.Palácios, N.Leal, M.C.Kullberg, Serviços Geológicos de Portugal, Lisboa 1993.

Wright, J. B. (1968). Re-interpretation of a mixed petrographic province—The Sintra intrusive complex (Portugal) and related rocks. Geologische Rundschau, 58(2), 538-564.

Sparks, R. S. J., & Wadge, G. (1975). Geological and geochemical studies of the Sintra alkaline igneous complex, Portugal. Bulletin Volcanologique, 39(3), 385-406.

Macintyre, R. M., & Berger, G. W. (1982). A note on the geochronology of the Iberian Alkaline Province. Lithos, 15(2), 133-136.

Le Maitre, R. W. - Ed. (2002) Igneous Rocks - A Classification and Glossary of Terms (2nd ed.) Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511535581

ⓘ Arfvedsonite

Formula: NaNa₂(Fe²⁺₄Fe³⁺)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂

References:

Wright, J. B. (1968). Re-interpretation of a mixed petrographic province—The Sintra intrusive complex (Portugal) and related rocks. Geologische Rundschau, 58(2), 538-564.

Sparks, R. S. J., & Wadge, G. (1975). Geological and geochemical studies of the Sintra alkaline igneous complex, Portugal. Bulletin Volcanologique, 39(3), 385-406.

Macintyre, R. M., & Berger, G. W. (1982). A note on the geochronology of the Iberian Alkaline Province. Lithos, 15(2), 133-136.

Le Maitre, R. W. - Ed. (2002) Igneous Rocks - A Classification and Glossary of Terms (2nd ed.) Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511535581

ⓘ Augite

Formula: (Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆

References:

C. F. Torre de Assunção, J. Brak-Lamy - Géologie et Pétrographie du Massif de Sintra (Portugal) - Boletim da Sociedade Geológica de Portugal, Vol. X, Fasc. I-II-III, 1952

ⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite

Formula: (Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)₂O₆

References:

Wright, J. B. (1968). Re-interpretation of a mixed petrographic province—The Sintra intrusive complex (Portugal) and related rocks. Geologische Rundschau, 58(2), 538-564.

Sparks, R. S. J., & Wadge, G. (1975). Geological and geochemical studies of the Sintra alkaline igneous complex, Portugal. Bulletin Volcanologique, 39(3), 385-406.

Macintyre, R. M., & Berger, G. W. (1982). A note on the geochronology of the Iberian Alkaline Province. Lithos, 15(2), 133-136.

Le Maitre, R. W. - Ed. (2002) Igneous Rocks - A Classification and Glossary of Terms (2nd ed.) Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511535581

ⓘ 'Biotite'

Formula: K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂

References:

Wright, J. B. (1968). Re-interpretation of a mixed petrographic province—The Sintra intrusive complex (Portugal) and related rocks. Geologische Rundschau, 58(2), 538-564.

Sparks, R. S. J., & Wadge, G. (1975). Geological and geochemical studies of the Sintra alkaline igneous complex, Portugal. Bulletin Volcanologique, 39(3), 385-406.

Macintyre, R. M., & Berger, G. W. (1982). A note on the geochronology of the Iberian Alkaline Province. Lithos, 15(2), 133-136.

Le Maitre, R. W. - Ed. (2002) Igneous Rocks - A Classification and Glossary of Terms (2nd ed.) Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511535581

ⓘ Calcite

Formula: CaCO₃

References:

Rui Nunes - June 2010

ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'

References:

ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'

References:

Wright, J. B. (1968). Re-interpretation of a mixed petrographic province—The Sintra intrusive complex (Portugal) and related rocks. Geologische Rundschau, 58(2), 538-564.

Sparks, R. S. J., & Wadge, G. (1975). Geological and geochemical studies of the Sintra alkaline igneous complex, Portugal. Bulletin Volcanologique, 39(3), 385-406.

Macintyre, R. M., & Berger, G. W. (1982). A note on the geochronology of the Iberian Alkaline Province. Lithos, 15(2), 133-136.

Le Maitre, R. W. - Ed. (2002) Igneous Rocks - A Classification and Glossary of Terms (2nd ed.) Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511535581

ⓘ Cuprite ?

Formula: Cu₂O

ⓘ Epidote

Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)

References:

ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'

References:

Wright, J. B. (1968). Re-interpretation of a mixed petrographic province—The Sintra intrusive complex (Portugal) and related rocks. Geologische Rundschau, 58(2), 538-564.

Sparks, R. S. J., & Wadge, G. (1975). Geological and geochemical studies of the Sintra alkaline igneous complex, Portugal. Bulletin Volcanologique, 39(3), 385-406.

Macintyre, R. M., & Berger, G. W. (1982). A note on the geochronology of the Iberian Alkaline Province. Lithos, 15(2), 133-136.

Le Maitre, R. W. - Ed. (2002) Igneous Rocks - A Classification and Glossary of Terms (2nd ed.) Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511535581

ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'

References:

Rui Nunes - June 2010

C. F. Torre de Assunção, J. Brak-Lamy - Géologie et Pétrographie du Massif de Sintra (Portugal) - Boletim da Sociedade Geológica de Portugal, Vol. X, Fasc. I-II-III, 1952

Wright, J. B. (1968). Re-interpretation of a mixed petrographic province—The Sintra intrusive complex (Portugal) and related rocks. Geologische Rundschau, 58(2), 538-564.

Sparks, R. S. J., & Wadge, G. (1975). Geological and geochemical studies of the Sintra alkaline igneous complex, Portugal. Bulletin Volcanologique, 39(3), 385-406.

Macintyre, R. M., & Berger, G. W. (1982). A note on the geochronology of the Iberian Alkaline Province. Lithos, 15(2), 133-136.

Le Maitre, R. W. - Ed. (2002) Igneous Rocks - A Classification and Glossary of Terms (2nd ed.) Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511535581

ⓘ Ferri-kaersutite

Formula: NaCa₂(Mg₃Fe³⁺Ti)(Si₆Al₂O₂₂)O₂

References:

Miranda, R. M. L. (2010). Petrogenesis and geochronology of the Late Cretaceous alkaline magmatism in the west Iberian Margin (Doctoral dissertation, Universidade de Lisboa (Portugal))

ⓘ 'Garnet Group'

Formula: X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃

References:

Nunes, Rui (n.d.) Personal communication.

ⓘ Goethite

Formula: Fe³⁺O(OH)

References:

ⓘ Hematite

Formula: Fe₂O₃

References:

Nunes, Rui (n.d.) Personal communication.

ⓘ Kaersutite

Formula: NaCa₂(Mg₃AlTi⁴⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂O₂

References:

Wright, J. B. (1968). Re-interpretation of a mixed petrographic province—The Sintra intrusive complex (Portugal) and related rocks. Geologische Rundschau, 58(2), 538-564.

Sparks, R. S. J., & Wadge, G. (1975). Geological and geochemical studies of the Sintra alkaline igneous complex, Portugal. Bulletin Volcanologique, 39(3), 385-406.

Macintyre, R. M., & Berger, G. W. (1982). A note on the geochronology of the Iberian Alkaline Province. Lithos, 15(2), 133-136.

Le Maitre, R. W. - Ed. (2002) Igneous Rocks - A Classification and Glossary of Terms (2nd ed.) Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511535581

ⓘ 'K Feldspar'

References:

Wright, J. B. (1968). Re-interpretation of a mixed petrographic province—The Sintra intrusive complex (Portugal) and related rocks. Geologische Rundschau, 58(2), 538-564.

Sparks, R. S. J., & Wadge, G. (1975). Geological and geochemical studies of the Sintra alkaline igneous complex, Portugal. Bulletin Volcanologique, 39(3), 385-406.

Macintyre, R. M., & Berger, G. W. (1982). A note on the geochronology of the Iberian Alkaline Province. Lithos, 15(2), 133-136.

Le Maitre, R. W. - Ed. (2002) Igneous Rocks - A Classification and Glossary of Terms (2nd ed.) Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511535581

ⓘ 'Limonite'

References:

Rui Nunes - June 2010

ⓘ Magnetite

Formula: Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄

References:

C. F. Torre de Assunção, J. Brak-Lamy - Géologie et Pétrographie du Massif de Sintra (Portugal) - Boletim da Sociedade Geológica de Portugal, Vol. X, Fasc. I-II-III, 1952

ⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite

Formula: Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Ti)₂O₄

References:

Wright, J. B. (1968). Re-interpretation of a mixed petrographic province—The Sintra intrusive complex (Portugal) and related rocks. Geologische Rundschau, 58(2), 538-564.

Sparks, R. S. J., & Wadge, G. (1975). Geological and geochemical studies of the Sintra alkaline igneous complex, Portugal. Bulletin Volcanologique, 39(3), 385-406.

Macintyre, R. M., & Berger, G. W. (1982). A note on the geochronology of the Iberian Alkaline Province. Lithos, 15(2), 133-136.

Le Maitre, R. W. - Ed. (2002) Igneous Rocks - A Classification and Glossary of Terms (2nd ed.) Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511535581

ⓘ 'Microperthite'

References:

Wright, J. B. (1968). Re-interpretation of a mixed petrographic province—The Sintra intrusive complex (Portugal) and related rocks. Geologische Rundschau, 58(2), 538-564.

Sparks, R. S. J., & Wadge, G. (1975). Geological and geochemical studies of the Sintra alkaline igneous complex, Portugal. Bulletin Volcanologique, 39(3), 385-406.

Macintyre, R. M., & Berger, G. W. (1982). A note on the geochronology of the Iberian Alkaline Province. Lithos, 15(2), 133-136.

Le Maitre, R. W. - Ed. (2002) Igneous Rocks - A Classification and Glossary of Terms (2nd ed.) Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511535581

ⓘ Muscovite

Formula: KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

References:

C. F. Torre de Assunção, J. Brak-Lamy - Géologie et Pétrographie du Massif de Sintra (Portugal) - Boletim da Sociedade Geológica de Portugal, Vol. X, Fasc. I-II-III, 1952

ⓘ Orthoclase

Formula: K(AlSi₃O₈)

References:

C. F. Torre de Assunção, J. Brak-Lamy - Géologie et Pétrographie du Massif de Sintra (Portugal) - Boletim da Sociedade Geológica de Portugal, Vol. X, Fasc. I-II-III, 1952

ⓘ 'Plagioclase'

Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈

References:

Wright, J. B. (1968). Re-interpretation of a mixed petrographic province—The Sintra intrusive complex (Portugal) and related rocks. Geologische Rundschau, 58(2), 538-564.

Sparks, R. S. J., & Wadge, G. (1975). Geological and geochemical studies of the Sintra alkaline igneous complex, Portugal. Bulletin Volcanologique, 39(3), 385-406.

Macintyre, R. M., & Berger, G. W. (1982). A note on the geochronology of the Iberian Alkaline Province. Lithos, 15(2), 133-136.

Le Maitre, R. W. - Ed. (2002) Igneous Rocks - A Classification and Glossary of Terms (2nd ed.) Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511535581

ⓘ Pyrite

Formula: FeS₂

Description: Rui Nunes collection

References:

ⓘ 'Pyroxene Group'

Formula: ADSi₂O₆

References:

Wright, J. B. (1968). Re-interpretation of a mixed petrographic province—The Sintra intrusive complex (Portugal) and related rocks. Geologische Rundschau, 58(2), 538-564.

Sparks, R. S. J., & Wadge, G. (1975). Geological and geochemical studies of the Sintra alkaline igneous complex, Portugal. Bulletin Volcanologique, 39(3), 385-406.

Macintyre, R. M., & Berger, G. W. (1982). A note on the geochronology of the Iberian Alkaline Province. Lithos, 15(2), 133-136.

Le Maitre, R. W. - Ed. (2002) Igneous Rocks - A Classification and Glossary of Terms (2nd ed.) Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511535581

ⓘ Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

References:

Rui Nunes - June 2010

Wright, J. B. (1968). Re-interpretation of a mixed petrographic province—The Sintra intrusive complex (Portugal) and related rocks. Geologische Rundschau, 58(2), 538-564.

Sparks, R. S. J., & Wadge, G. (1975). Geological and geochemical studies of the Sintra alkaline igneous complex, Portugal. Bulletin Volcanologique, 39(3), 385-406.

Macintyre, R. M., & Berger, G. W. (1982). A note on the geochronology of the Iberian Alkaline Province. Lithos, 15(2), 133-136.

Le Maitre, R. W. - Ed. (2002) Igneous Rocks - A Classification and Glossary of Terms (2nd ed.) Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511535581

ⓘ Quartz var. Amethyst

Formula: SiO₂

References:

Martins da Pedra collection

ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony

Formula: SiO₂

References:

Rui Nunes 2011

ⓘ Quartz var. Sceptre Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

References:

Martins da Pedra collection

ⓘ Riebeckite

Formula: ◻Na₂(Fe²⁺₃Fe³⁺₂)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂

References:

Wright, J. B. (1968). Re-interpretation of a mixed petrographic province—The Sintra intrusive complex (Portugal) and related rocks. Geologische Rundschau, 58(2), 538-564.

Sparks, R. S. J., & Wadge, G. (1975). Geological and geochemical studies of the Sintra alkaline igneous complex, Portugal. Bulletin Volcanologique, 39(3), 385-406.

Macintyre, R. M., & Berger, G. W. (1982). A note on the geochronology of the Iberian Alkaline Province. Lithos, 15(2), 133-136.

Le Maitre, R. W. - Ed. (2002) Igneous Rocks - A Classification and Glossary of Terms (2nd ed.) Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511535581

ⓘ Schorl

Formula: NaFe²⁺₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)

References:

Rui Nunes - June 2010

ⓘ Titanite

Formula: CaTiO(SiO₄)

References:

Wright, J. B. (1968). Re-interpretation of a mixed petrographic province—The Sintra intrusive complex (Portugal) and related rocks. Geologische Rundschau, 58(2), 538-564.

Sparks, R. S. J., & Wadge, G. (1975). Geological and geochemical studies of the Sintra alkaline igneous complex, Portugal. Bulletin Volcanologique, 39(3), 385-406.

Macintyre, R. M., & Berger, G. W. (1982). A note on the geochronology of the Iberian Alkaline Province. Lithos, 15(2), 133-136.

Le Maitre, R. W. - Ed. (2002) Igneous Rocks - A Classification and Glossary of Terms (2nd ed.) Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511535581

ⓘ 'Tourmaline'

Formula: AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z

References:

Nunes, Rui (n.d.) Personal communication.

ⓘ 'Tourmaline var. Indicolite' ?

Description: Galopim de Carvalho, A. M. (2000). Sopas de Pedra I – De Mineralibus. Edições Gradiva, pag. 356: "Merece referência especial a ocorrência, na Serra de Sintra, de uma rocha essencialmente formada por turmalina (indicolite), a que se deu o nome de turmalinito."

References:

Galopim de Carvalho, A. M. (2000). Sopas de Pedra I – De Mineralibus. Edições Gradiva.

ⓘ Vesuvianite

Formula: Ca₁₉Fe³⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH)₉

References:

Rui Nunes - June 2010

ⓘ Wollastonite

Formula: Ca₃(Si₃O₉)

References:

Rui Nunes 2010

ⓘ Zircon

Formula: Zr(SiO₄)

References:

Wright, J. B. (1968). Re-interpretation of a mixed petrographic province—The Sintra intrusive complex (Portugal) and related rocks. Geologische Rundschau, 58(2), 538-564.

Sparks, R. S. J., & Wadge, G. (1975). Geological and geochemical studies of the Sintra alkaline igneous complex, Portugal. Bulletin Volcanologique, 39(3), 385-406.

Macintyre, R. M., & Berger, G. W. (1982). A note on the geochronology of the Iberian Alkaline Province. Lithos, 15(2), 133-136.

Le Maitre, R. W. - Ed. (2002) Igneous Rocks - A Classification and Glossary of Terms (2nd ed.) Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511535581

Gallery:

Ca₃Fe³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃ⓘ Andradite

Andradite, etc.

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Andradite

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Andradite, etc.

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Andradite, etc.

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Andradite

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Andradite, etc.

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Andradite, etc.

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Andradite

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Fe₂O₃ⓘ Hematite

Hematite, etc.

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Hematite, etc.

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Hematite, etc.

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

K(AlSi₃O₈)ⓘ Orthoclase

Orthoclase, etc.

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Orthoclase, etc.

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Orthoclase, etc.

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

SiO₂ⓘ Quartz var. Amethyst

Amethyst

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Amethyst

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Amethyst

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Zⓘ 'Tourmaline'

Tourmaline

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Tourmaline

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Tourmaline, etc.

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Tourmaline

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Tourmaline

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Tourmaline, etc.

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Tourmaline

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Tourmaline

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Ca₁₉Fe³⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH)₉ⓘ Vesuvianite

Vesuvianite

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Vesuvianite

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Vesuvianite

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Vesuvianite

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Vesuvianite

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Vesuvianite

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Ca₃(Si₃O₉)ⓘ Wollastonite

Wollastonite, etc.

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Wollastonite, etc.

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Wollastonite

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Wollastonite, etc.

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Wollastonite, etc.

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Wollastonite

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Wollastonite, etc.

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

Wollastonite, etc.

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘ	Pyrite	2.EB.05a	FeS₂
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ	Goethite	4.00.	Fe³⁺O(OH)
ⓘ	Cuprite ?	4.AA.10	Cu₂O
ⓘ	Magnetite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Ti)₂O₄
ⓘ	Hematite	4.CB.05	Fe₂O₃
ⓘ	Quartz var. Amethyst	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	var. Chalcedony	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ		4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	var. Sceptre Quartz	4.DA.05	SiO₂
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘ	Calcite	5.AB.05	CaCO₃
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ	Andradite	9.AD.25	Ca₃Fe³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃
ⓘ	Zircon	9.AD.30	Zr(SiO₄)
ⓘ	Titanite	9.AG.15	CaTiO(SiO₄)
ⓘ	Epidote	9.BG.05a	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
ⓘ	Vesuvianite	9.BG.35	Ca₁₉Fe³⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH)₉
ⓘ	Schorl	9.CK.05	NaFe²⁺₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
ⓘ	Augite	9.DA.15	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
ⓘ	var. Titanium-bearing Augite	9.DA.15	(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)₂O₆
ⓘ	Aegirine-augite	9.DA.20	(Na_aCa_bFe²⁺_cMg_d)(Fe³⁺_eAl_fFe²⁺_gMg_h)Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Aegirine	9.DA.25	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Kaersutite	9.DE.15	NaCa₂(Mg₃AlTi⁴⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂O₂
ⓘ	Ferri-kaersutite	9.DE.15	NaCa₂(Mg₃Fe³⁺Ti)(Si₆Al₂O₂₂)O₂
ⓘ	Arfvedsonite	9.DE.25	NaNa₂(Fe²⁺₄Fe³⁺)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Riebeckite	9.DE.25	◻Na₂(Fe²⁺₃Fe³⁺₂)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
ⓘ	Wollastonite	9.DG.05	Ca₃(Si₃O₉)
ⓘ	Muscovite	9.EC.15	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Orthoclase	9.FA.30	K(AlSi₃O₈)
ⓘ	Albite	9.FA.35	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
ⓘ	var. Andesine	9.FA.35	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
ⓘ	Anorthite	9.FA.35	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
ⓘ	var. Labradorite	9.FA.35	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
ⓘ	Albite var. Oligoclase	9.FA.35	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Unclassified
ⓘ	'Alkali Feldspar'	-
ⓘ	'Amphibole Supergroup'	-	AB₂C₅(T₈O₂₂)W₂
ⓘ	'Biotite'	-	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
ⓘ	'Chlorite Group'	-
ⓘ	'Feldspar Group'	-
ⓘ	'Tourmaline var. Indicolite' ?	-	AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z
ⓘ	'Limonite'	-
ⓘ	'Tourmaline'	-	AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z
ⓘ	'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'	-
ⓘ	'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'	-
ⓘ	'Plagioclase'	-	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
ⓘ	'K Feldspar'	-
ⓘ	'Pyroxene Group'	-	ADSi₂O₆
ⓘ	'Garnet Group'	-	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
ⓘ	'Microperthite'	-
ⓘ	'Apatite'	-	Ca₅(PO₄)₃A

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Arfvedsonite	NaNa₂(Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
H	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
H	ⓘ Goethite	Fe³⁺O(OH)
H	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Riebeckite	◻Na₂(Fe₃²⁺Fe₂³⁺)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
H	ⓘ Vesuvianite	Ca₁₉Fe³⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH)₉
B	Boron
B	ⓘ Tourmaline var. Indicolite
B	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
B	ⓘ Tourmaline	AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z
C	Carbon
C	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Quartz var. Amethyst	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup	AB₂C₅(T₈O₂₂)W₂
O	ⓘ Albite var. Andesine	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
O	ⓘ Andradite	Ca₃Fe₂³⁺(SiO₄)₃
O	ⓘ Anorthite	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
O	ⓘ Arfvedsonite	NaNa₂(Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
O	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
O	ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Cuprite	Cu₂O
O	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
O	ⓘ Goethite	Fe³⁺O(OH)
O	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
O	ⓘ Tourmaline var. Indicolite
O	ⓘ Kaersutite	NaCa₂(Mg₃AlTi⁴⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂O₂
O	ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
O	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
O	ⓘ Orthoclase	K(AlSi₃O₈)
O	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Riebeckite	◻Na₂(Fe₃²⁺Fe₂³⁺)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
O	ⓘ Titanite	CaTiO(SiO₄)
O	ⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite	Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Ti)₂O₄
O	ⓘ Tourmaline	AD₃G₆(T₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃X₃Z
O	ⓘ Vesuvianite	Ca₁₉Fe³⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH)₉
O	ⓘ Wollastonite	Ca₃(Si₃O₉)
O	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
O	ⓘ Quartz var. Sceptre Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
O	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
O	ⓘ Pyroxene Group	ADSi₂O₆
O	ⓘ Garnet Group	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
O	ⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite	(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)₂O₆
O	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃A
O	ⓘ Ferri-kaersutite	NaCa₂(Mg₃Fe³⁺Ti)(Si₆Al₂O₂₂)O₂
F	Fluorine
F	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Na	Sodium
Na	ⓘ Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
Na	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
Na	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Na	ⓘ Albite var. Andesine	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Na	ⓘ Arfvedsonite	NaNa₂(Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Na	ⓘ Kaersutite	NaCa₂(Mg₃AlTi⁴⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂O₂
Na	ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Na	ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Na	ⓘ Riebeckite	◻Na₂(Fe₃²⁺Fe₂³⁺)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Na	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Na	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Na	ⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite	(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)₂O₆
Na	ⓘ Ferri-kaersutite	NaCa₂(Mg₃Fe³⁺Ti)(Si₆Al₂O₂₂)O₂
Mg	Magnesium
Mg	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Mg	ⓘ Kaersutite	NaCa₂(Mg₃AlTi⁴⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂O₂
Mg	ⓘ Vesuvianite	Ca₁₉Fe³⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH)₉
Mg	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Mg	ⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite	(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Ferri-kaersutite	NaCa₂(Mg₃Fe³⁺Ti)(Si₆Al₂O₂₂)O₂
Al	Aluminium
Al	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
Al	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Albite var. Andesine	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Al	ⓘ Anorthite	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
Al	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Al	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Al	ⓘ Kaersutite	NaCa₂(Mg₃AlTi⁴⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂O₂
Al	ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Al	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Al	ⓘ Orthoclase	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Al	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Al	ⓘ Vesuvianite	Ca₁₉Fe³⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH)₉
Al	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Al	ⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite	(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)₂O₆
Al	ⓘ Ferri-kaersutite	NaCa₂(Mg₃Fe³⁺Ti)(Si₆Al₂O₂₂)O₂
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Albite	Na(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Quartz var. Amethyst	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Albite var. Andesine	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Si	ⓘ Andradite	Ca₃Fe₂³⁺(SiO₄)₃
Si	ⓘ Anorthite	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
Si	ⓘ Arfvedsonite	NaNa₂(Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Si	ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Si	ⓘ Kaersutite	NaCa₂(Mg₃AlTi⁴⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂O₂
Si	ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Si	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Si	ⓘ Orthoclase	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Si	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Riebeckite	◻Na₂(Fe₃²⁺Fe₂³⁺)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Si	ⓘ Titanite	CaTiO(SiO₄)
Si	ⓘ Vesuvianite	Ca₁₉Fe³⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH)₉
Si	ⓘ Wollastonite	Ca₃(Si₃O₉)
Si	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
Si	ⓘ Quartz var. Sceptre Quartz	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Si	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Si	ⓘ Pyroxene Group	ADSi₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Garnet Group	X₃Z₂(SiO₄)₃
Si	ⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite	(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Ferri-kaersutite	NaCa₂(Mg₃Fe³⁺Ti)(Si₆Al₂O₂₂)O₂
P	Phosphorus
P	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃A
S	Sulfur
S	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
K	Potassium
K	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
K	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
K	ⓘ Orthoclase	K(AlSi₃O₈)
Ca	Calcium
Ca	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Albite var. Andesine	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Ca	ⓘ Andradite	Ca₃Fe₂³⁺(SiO₄)₃
Ca	ⓘ Anorthite	Ca(Al₂Si₂O₈)
Ca	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
Ca	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Ca	ⓘ Kaersutite	NaCa₂(Mg₃AlTi⁴⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂O₂
Ca	ⓘ Anorthite var. Labradorite	(Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si₂O₈]
Ca	ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase	(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si₂O₈]
Ca	ⓘ Titanite	CaTiO(SiO₄)
Ca	ⓘ Vesuvianite	Ca₁₉Fe³⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH)₉
Ca	ⓘ Wollastonite	Ca₃(Si₃O₉)
Ca	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Ca	ⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite	(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃A
Ca	ⓘ Ferri-kaersutite	NaCa₂(Mg₃Fe³⁺Ti)(Si₆Al₂O₂₂)O₂
Ti	Titanium
Ti	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Ti	ⓘ Kaersutite	NaCa₂(Mg₃AlTi⁴⁺)(Si₆Al₂)O₂₂O₂
Ti	ⓘ Titanite	CaTiO(SiO₄)
Ti	ⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite	Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Ti)₂O₄
Ti	ⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite	(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)₂O₆
Ti	ⓘ Ferri-kaersutite	NaCa₂(Mg₃Fe³⁺Ti)(Si₆Al₂O₂₂)O₂
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe_c²⁺Mg_d)(Fe_e³⁺Al_fFe_g²⁺Mg_h)Si₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Andradite	Ca₃Fe₂³⁺(SiO₄)₃
Fe	ⓘ Arfvedsonite	NaNa₂(Fe₄²⁺Fe³⁺)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Fe	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Fe	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Fe	ⓘ Goethite	Fe³⁺O(OH)
Fe	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
Fe	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Riebeckite	◻Na₂(Fe₃²⁺Fe₂³⁺)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
Fe	ⓘ Schorl	NaFe₃²⁺Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)
Fe	ⓘ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite	Fe²⁺(Fe³⁺,Ti)₂O₄
Fe	ⓘ Vesuvianite	Ca₁₉Fe³⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH)₉
Fe	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Fe	ⓘ Augite var. Titanium-bearing Augite	(Ca,Na)(Mg,Ti, Fe,Al,)(Si,Al)₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Ferri-kaersutite	NaCa₂(Mg₃Fe³⁺Ti)(Si₆Al₂O₂₂)O₂
Cu	Copper
Cu	ⓘ Cuprite	Cu₂O
Zr	Zirconium
Zr	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)

Geochronology

Mineralization age: Late/Upper Cretaceous : 83.4 ± 0.7 Ma to 80.1 ± 1.0 Ma

Important note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.

Geologic Time

Rocks, Minerals and Events

Phanerozoic

Mesozoic

Cretaceous

Late/Upper Cretaceous

ⓘ Zircon (youngest age)	80.1 ± 1.0 Ma
ⓘ Biotite	81.9 ± 0.4 Ma
ⓘ Zircon (oldest age)	83.4 ± 0.7 Ma

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate

EuropeContinent

Iberian PeninsulaPeninsula

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Ribeiro, O 1940 – Remarques sur la morphologie de la région de Sintra et Cascais. Rev. Géograph. Pyrénées Sud-Ouest, II, (3-4), 203-218.

Matos Alves, C. A. , 1964 – Estudo petrológico do maciço eruptivo de Sintra. Rev. Fac. Ciências Lisboa, 2.a Série, C, XII (2), 124-289.

Teixeira, C., Gonçalves, F., Nascimento A., Fernandes, S. C., 1981 – O maciço Eruptivo da Serra de Sintra. Soc. Port. Ciên. Nat., Col. Natura, N. S., vol.7, 48p.

Palacios, T. e Matos Alves, C. A., 1997 – Sintra Mineral. Edição do Departamento e Centro de Geologia da Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa.

Ribeiro, M. L. e Ramalho, M. M., 1997 – Notícia explicativa da carta geológica simplificada à escala 1/50000 do Parque Natural Sintra-Cascais, Instituto da Conservação da Natureza. Elaborada pelo Instituto Geológico e Mineiro.

Baltazar, L. e Martins, C. 2005 – Atlas do parque natural Sintra–Cascais. Edição de Junta de Turismo da Costa do Estoril e Parque natural Sintra – Cascais.

Eschwege, G. Barão de (1831) – Memória geognóstica ou golpe de vista do perfil das estratificações das diferentes rochas de que é composto o terreno desde a Serra de Cintra na linha de Noroeste a Sudeste até Lisboa, atravessando o Tejo até à Serra da Arrábida, e sobre a sua idade relativa. Memórias da Academia Real Siências. Lisboa, 11, parte 1, 253-271.

C. F. Torre de Assunção, J. Brak-Lamy (1952) - Géologie et Pétrographie du Massif de Sintra (Portugal) - Boletim da Sociedade Geológica de Portugal, Vol. X, Fasc. I-II-III, 1952.

Wright, J. B. (1968). Re-interpretation of a mixed petrographic province—The Sintra intrusive complex (Portugal) and related rocks. Geologische Rundschau, 58(2), 538-564.

Sparks, R. S. J., & Wadge, G. (1975). Geological and geochemical studies of the Sintra alkaline igneous complex, Portugal. Bulletin Volcanologique, 39(3), 385-406.

Ramalho, M. M., Rey, J., Zbyszwski, G., Alves, C. A. M., Costa, C. & Kullberg, M. C. (1981). Noticia explicativa da Carta Geológica 34-C, Cascais. Lisboa: Serviços Geológicos de Portugal.

Macintyre, R. M., & Berger, G. W. (1982). A note on the geochronology of the Iberian Alkaline Province. Lithos, 15(2), 133-136.

Kullberg, M. C. (1992), Geologia do Concelho de Sintra. Sintra.

Ramalho, M. M., Pais, J., Rey, J., Berthou, P. Y., Alves, C. A. M., Palácios, T., Leal, N. & Kullberg, M. C. (1993). Noticia explicativa da Carta Geológica 34-A, Sintra. Lisboa: Serviços Geológicos de Portugal.

Galopim de Carvalho, A. M. (1994), Aspectos Gerais da Geologia da serra de Sintra. Sintra.

Ribeiro, M.L. (1997) - A Geologia da Peninha. Sintra. IGM-ICN, 20 p. Lisboa.

KULLBERG, M. C & KULLBERG, J. C. (2000) - Tectónica da região de Sintra. In Tectónica das regiões de Sintra e Arrábida, Mem. Geociências, Museu Nac. Hist. Nat. Univ. Lisboa, nº 2, 1-34.

Le Maitre, R. W. - Ed. (2002) Igneous Rocks - A Classification and Glossary of Terms (2nd ed.) Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/cbo9780511535581

Miranda, R. M. L. (2010). Petrogenesis and geochronology of the Late Cretaceous alkaline magmatism in the west Iberian Margin (Doctoral dissertation, Universidade de Lisboa (Portugal))

Woolley, Alan R. (2019) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. Part 4: Antarctica, Asia and Europe (excluding the former USSR), Australasia and Oceanic Islands. The Geological Society of London. doi:10.1144/mpar4

Quick NavTop Mineral List Rock Types Geochronology Other Regions References

Mindat.org® is an outreach project of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization. Mindat® and mindat.org® are registered trademarks of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy.
Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2026, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are © OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 by Jolyon Ralph and Ida Chau.
Content on this site may not be used to train, fine-tune, or otherwise develop artificial intelligence or machine learning models without prior written permission - see our Terms & Conditions.
To cite: Ralph, J., Von Bargen, D., Martynov, P., Zhang, J., Que, X., Prabhu, A., Morrison, S. M., Li, W., Chen, W., & Ma, X. (2025). Mindat.org: The open access mineralogy database to accelerate data-intensive geoscience research. American Mineralogist, 110(6), 833–844. doi:10.2138/am-2024-9486.
Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions - Contact Us / DMCA issues - Report a bug/vulnerability Current server date and time: September 7, 2026 09:13:36 Page updated: July 24, 2026 04:51:38

Go to top of page

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, PortugaliRegional Level TypesSintra ComplexComplex SintraMunicipality LisbonDistrict PortugalCountry function showexplain() { $("#locexplain").toggle(); if (typeof movemap === "function") movemap(); }

Select Mineral List Type

Mineral List

Rock Types Recorded

Select Rock List Type

Detailed Mineral List:

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

List of minerals for each chemical element

Geochronology

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

References

Sintra Complex, Sintra, Lisbon, Portugal i
Regional Level Types
Sintra Complex Complex
Sintra Municipality
Lisbon District
Portugal Country