Radekškodaite-(Ce)
A valid IMA mineral species
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Formula:
(CaCe5)(Al4Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3
Colour:
Greenish-brown
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
6½
Specific Gravity:
4.651 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in honor of Radek Škoda (b. 1979), mineralogist and Associate Professor at Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. He is known for his contribution to the mineralogy and geochemistry of REE. The mineral name is pronounced: ra dek shko da ait.
Type Locality:
Name Encoding
Latin-1:
Radekskodaite-(Ce)
ASCII-7:
Radekskodaite-(Ce)
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
53756
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:53756:4
Similar Names
| Radekškodaite-(La) | A valid IMA mineral species | (CaLa5)(Al4Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3 |
IMA Classification of Radekškodaite-(Ce)
Approved
IMA Formula:
(CaCe3+5)(Al4Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3
Approval year:
2019
First published:
2020
Type description reference:
Kasatkin, Anatoly V., Zubkova, Natalia V., Pekov, Igor V., Chukanov, Nikita V., Ksenofontov, Dmitriy A., Agakhanov, Atali A., Belakovskiy, Dmitriy I., Polekhovsky, Yury S., Kuznetsov, Aleksey M., Britvin, Sergey N., Pushcharovsky, Dmitry Yu., Nestola, Fabrizio (2020) The mineralogy of the historical Mochalin Log REE deposit, South Urals, Russia. Part II. Radekškodaite-(La), (CaLa5)(Al4Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3 and radekškodaite-(Ce), (CaCe5)(Al4Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3, two new minerals with a novel structure-type belonging to the epidote–törnebohmite polysomatic series. Mineralogical Magazine, 84 (6) 839-853 doi:10.1180/mgm.2020.64
Classification of Radekškodaite-(Ce)
9.BG.60
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
G : Sorosilicates with mixed SiO4 and Si2O7 groups; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
G : Sorosilicates with mixed SiO4 and Si2O7 groups; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Ršk-Ce | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Radekškodaite-(Ce)
Vitreous
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Greenish-brown
Streak:
Brown
Hardness:
6½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN150=800 - 922 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Hardness Data:
Measured
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Good in one direction (possibly {100}), imperfect in another.
Good in one direction (possibly {100}), imperfect in another.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
4.651 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Radekškodaite-(Ce)
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.798(6) nβ = 1.806(6) nγ = 1.833(8)
2V:
Measured: 65° (10), Calculated: 58°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.035
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
weak, r < v
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
Marsh green hues with the absorption scheme Z > Y > X.
Chemistry of Radekškodaite-(Ce)
Mindat Formula:
(CaCe5)(Al4Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Radekškodaite-(Ce)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/m
Setting:
P21/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.9702(4) Å, b = 5.7044(2) Å, c = 25.164(1) Å
β = 116.766(6)°
β = 116.766(6)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.573 : 1 : 4.411
Unit Cell V:
1,149.67 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 22.5 Å | (38) |
| 8.08 Å | (42) |
| 4.640 Å | (76) |
| 3.528 Å | (99) |
| 3.031 Å | (100) |
| 2.844 Å | (46) |
| 2.654 Å | (87) |
| 2.073 Å | (37) |
Reference:
Kasatkin, Anatoly V., Zubkova, Natalia V., Pekov, Igor V., Chukanov, Nikita V., Ksenofontov, Dmitriy A., Agakhanov, Atali A., Belakovskiy, Dmitriy I., Polekhovsky, Yury S., Kuznetsov, Aleksey M., Britvin, Sergey N., Pushcharovsky, Dmitry Yu., Nestola, Fabrizio (2020) The mineralogy of the historical Mochalin Log REE deposit, South Urals, Russia. Part II. Radekškodaite-(La), (CaLa5)(Al4Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3 and radekškodaite-(Ce), (CaCe5)(Al4Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3, two new minerals with a novel structure-type belonging to the epidote–törnebohmite polysomatic series. Mineralogical Magazine, 84 (6) 839-853 doi:10.1180/mgm.2020.64
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks |
Type Occurrence of Radekškodaite-(Ce)
General Appearance of Type Material:
Isolated anhedral grains up to 1 mm × 2 mm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
In the collections of the Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 18-2, Moscow 119071, Russia, registration number 5363/1
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Polymineralic nodules
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Kasatkin, Anatoly V., Zubkova, Natalia V., Pekov, Igor V., Chukanov, Nikita V., Ksenofontov, Dmitriy A., Agakhanov, Atali A., Belakovskiy, Dmitriy I., Polekhovsky, Yury S., Kuznetsov, Aleksey M., Britvin, Sergey N., Pushcharovsky, Dmitry Yu., Nestola, Fabrizio (2020) The mineralogy of the historical Mochalin Log REE deposit, South Urals, Russia. Part II. Radekškodaite-(La), (CaLa5)(Al4Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3 and radekškodaite-(Ce), (CaCe5)(Al4Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3, two new minerals with a novel structure-type belonging to the epidote–törnebohmite polysomatic series. Mineralogical Magazine, 84 (6) 839-853 doi:10.1180/mgm.2020.64
Synonyms of Radekškodaite-(Ce)
Other Language Names for Radekškodaite-(Ce)
Dutch:Radekškodaiet-(Ce)
German:Radekškodait-(Ce)
Relationship of Radekškodaite-(Ce) to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Radekškodaite Group:
| Radekškodaite-(La) | (CaLa5)(Al4Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Zilbermintsite-(La) | (CaLa5)(Fe3+Al3Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.BG. | Alumovesuvianite | Ca19AlAl4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| 9.BG. | Alnaperbøeite-(Ce) | Ca(Ce2.5Na0.5)(AlAl2Al)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2 |
| 9.BG. | Zilbermintsite-(La) | (CaLa5)(Fe3+Al3Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3 |
| 9.BG. | Heflikite | (CaCa)(AlAlSc)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.O5b | Vanadoandrosite-(La) | Mn2+La(V3+AlMn2+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| 9.BG. | Magnesiovesuvianite | Ca19MgAl4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9 |
| 9.BG. | Zoisite-(Pb) | (CaPb)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG. | Shuiskite-(Cr) | Ca2Cr3+Cr3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2O |
| 9.BG. | Radekškodaite Group | |
| 9.BG.05 | Dissakisite-(La) | (CaLa)(AlAlMg)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05 | Manganiandrosite-(Ce) | (Mn2+Ce)(Mn3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Dissakisite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(AlAlMg)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Allanite-(Sm) | (CaSm)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05a | Hancockite | (CaPb)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05 | Dollaseite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(MgAlMg)F[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05a v | 'Unnamed (Ga-analogue of Epidote)' | (CaCa)(AlAlGa3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05a | Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05a | Epidote-(Sr) | (CaSr)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05 | Vanadoandrosite-(Ce) | (Mn2+Ce)(V3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Vanadoallanite-(La) | (CaLa)(V3+AlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | 'Unnamed (Mg-analogue of Ferriallanite-(Ce))' | (CaCe)(Fe3+AlMg)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Ferriallanite-(La) | (CaLa)(Fe3+AlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05 | Uedaite-(Ce) | (Mn2+Ce)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05a | Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05 | Tweddillite | (CaSr)(Mn3+AlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Åskagenite-(Nd) | (Mn2+Nd)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4]O |
| 9.BG.05 | Piemontite-(Pb) | (CaPb)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Allanite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Allanite-(La) | (CaLa)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Allanite-(Y) | (CaY)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05a | Piemontite | (CaCa)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Akasakaite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(AlAlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Manganiandrosite-(La) | (Mn2+La)(Mn3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Akasakaite-(La) | (CaLa)(AlAlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Vanadoakasakaite-(La) | (CaLa)(V3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05 | Khristovite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(MgAlMn2+)F[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Ferriakasakaite-(La) | (CaLa)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05 | Ferriandrosite-(La) | (Mn2+La)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05 | 'Androsite-(Ce)' | (Mn2+Ce)(AlAlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05 | Vielleaureite-(Ce) | Mn2+Ce(MgAlMn2+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)F(OH) |
| 9.BG.05 | Ferriandrosite-(Ce) | (Mn2+Ce)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Ferriallanite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(Fe3+AlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | 'Unnamed (Mn3+-analogue of Ferriakasakaite-(Ce))' | (CaCe)(Mn3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Vanadoakasakaite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(V3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05 | Piemontite-(Sr) | (CaSr)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05 | Niigataite | (CaSr)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Ferriakasakaite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Allanite-(Nd) | (CaNd)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | 'UM1989-32-SiO:AlCaFeHREE' | (Ca0.5◻0.5REE)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05a | Mukhinite | (CaCa)(AlAlV3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Manganiakasakaite-(La) | (CaLa)(Mn3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.10 | Zoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.15 | Macfallite | Ca2Mn3+3(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)3 |
| 9.BG.15 | Sursassite | Mn2+2Al3(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)3 |
| 9.BG.20 | Pumpellyite-(Al) | Ca2AlAl2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2O |
| 9.BG.20 | Shuiskite-(Mg) | Ca2MgCr3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
| 9.BG.20 | Julgoldite-(Fe2+) | Ca2Fe2+Fe3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
| 9.BG.20 | Okhotskite | Ca2Mn2+Mn3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
| 9.BG.20 | Julgoldite-(Mg) | Ca2MgFe3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
| 9.BG.20 | Poppiite | Ca2V3+V3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2O |
| 9.BG.20 | Julgoldite-(Fe3+) | Ca2Fe3+Fe3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2O |
| 9.BG.20 | Pumpellyite-(Fe2+) | Ca2Fe2+Al2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
| 9.BG.20 | Pumpellyite-(Fe3+) | Ca2Fe3+Al2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2O |
| 9.BG.20 | Pumpellyite-(Mg) | Ca2MgAl2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
| 9.BG.20 | Pumpellyite-(Mn2+) | Ca2Mn2+Al2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
| 9.BG.25 | Ganomalite | Pb9Ca5Mn(Si2O7)4(SiO4)O |
| 9.BG.25 | Wayneburnhamite | Pb9Ca6(Si2O7)3(SiO4)3 |
| 9.BG.30 | Rustumite | Ca10(Si2O7)2(SiO4)(OH)2Cl2 |
| 9.BG.35 | Modraite | Ca19Fe2+Al4(Al6Fe2+2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9 |
| 9.BG.35 | Fluorvesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(F,OH)9 |
| 9.BG.35 | Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| 9.BG.35 | Milanriederite | (Ca18[REE])Fe3+Al4(Mg4Al4)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9 |
| 9.BG.35 | Manaevite-(Ce) | (Ca13Ce4[H2O]2)Mg(Al3Mg)(Mg3Ti3Fe3+2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)8(H4O4)2]O(OH)9 |
| 9.BG.35 | Hongheite | Ca19Fe2+Al4(Fe3+,Mg)8(◻4)B[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH,O)9 |
| 9.BG.35 | Wiluite | Ca19MgAl4(Al,Mg)8(B,◻)4◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(O,OH)9 |
| 9.BG.35 | Cyprine | Ca19Cu2+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9 |
| 9.BG.35 | Manganvesuvianite | Ca19Mn3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| 9.BG.40 | Vyuntspakhkite-(Y) | (Y,Yb)4Al2.5-1.5(Si,Al)1.5-2.5(SiO4)4O(OH)7 |
| 9.BG.45 | Dellaite | Ca6Si3O11(OH)2 |
| 9.BG.50 | Ferriperbøeite-(Ce) | CaCe3(Fe3+Al2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2 |
| 9.BG.50 | Perbøeite-(La) | CaLa3(AlAl2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2 |
| 9.BG.50 | Perbøeite-(Ce) | CaCe3(AlAl2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2 |
| 9.BG.50 | Gatelite-(Ce) | CaCe3(AlAl2Mg)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2 |
| 9.BG.50 | Ferriperbøeite-(La) | CaLa3(Fe3+Al2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2 |
| 9.BG.55 | Västmanlandite-(Ce) | CaCe3(MgAl2Mg)[Si2O7][SiO4]3F(OH)2 |
| 9.BG.60 | Radekškodaite-(La) | (CaLa5)(Al4Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3 |
Fluorescence of Radekškodaite-(Ce)
None
Other Information
Notes:
No reaction to cold hydrochloric or nitric acids
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Radekškodaite-(Ce)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-53756.html
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References for Radekškodaite-(Ce)
Reference List:
Miyawaki, Ritsuro, Hatert, Frédéric, Pasero, Marco, Mills, Stuart J. (2019) IMA Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC) NEWSLETTER 51. European Journal of Mineralogy, 31 (5-6) 1099-1104 doi:10.1127/ejm/2019/0031-2894
Kasatkin, Anatoly V., Zubkova, Natalia V., Pekov, Igor V., Chukanov, Nikita V., Ksenofontov, Dmitriy A., Agakhanov, Atali A., Belakovskiy, Dmitriy I., Polekhovsky, Yury S., Kuznetsov, Aleksey M., Britvin, Sergey N., Pushcharovsky, Dmitry Yu., Nestola, Fabrizio (2020) The mineralogy of the historical Mochalin Log REE deposit, South Urals, Russia. Part II. Radekškodaite-(La), (CaLa5)(Al4Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3 and radekškodaite-(Ce), (CaCe5)(Al4Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3, two new minerals with a novel structure-type belonging to the epidote–törnebohmite polysomatic series. Mineralogical Magazine, 84 (6) 839-853 doi:10.1180/mgm.2020.64
Localities for Radekškodaite-(Ce)
Showing 1 localities.
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The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Russia (TL) | |
| Miyawaki et al. (2019) +1 other reference |
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