Khristovite-(Ce)
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Khristovite-(Ce)
Formula:
(CaCe)(MgAlMn2+)F[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
In the type material, the F:O ratio on the O/F site is 63:37.
Colour:
Brown to dark brown
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
5
Specific Gravity:
4.05
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in honor of Yevgeny Vladimirovich Khristov (Евгений Владимирович Христов) (1933-), a Russian geologist, and the author of many works on the tectonics of the Tien Shan.
Chemically related to dissakisite-(Ce), dollaseite-(Ce), manaevite-(Ce), gatelite-(Ce), and västmanlandite-(Ce).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2200
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2200:8
IMA Classification of Khristovite-(Ce)
Approved
IMA Formula:
CaCe3+(MgAlMn2+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)F(OH)
Approval year:
1991
First published:
1993
Classification of Khristovite-(Ce)
9.BG.05
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
G : Sorosilicates with mixed SiO4 and Si2O7 groups; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
G : Sorosilicates with mixed SiO4 and Si2O7 groups; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
58.2.1a.9
58 : SOROSILICATES Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups
2 : Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups with cations in [6] and higher coordination; single and double groups (n = 1, 2)
58 : SOROSILICATES Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups
2 : Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups with cations in [6] and higher coordination; single and double groups (n = 1, 2)
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Kh-Ce | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Khristovite-(Ce)
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Brown to dark brown
Streak:
Light brown
Hardness:
5 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
None Observed
Density:
4.05(5) g/cm3 (Measured) 4.11 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Khristovite-(Ce)
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.773(2) nβ = 1.790(2) nγ = 1.803(2)
2V:
Measured: 83° , Calculated: 80°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.030
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
r < v medium
Optical Extinction:
In sections perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, Y ∧ elongation = 1.5-3°; in sections perpendicular to the obtuse bisectrix, extinction is parallel.
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
X = very light yellow, Y = dark reddish brown, Z = brown.
Comments:
Absorption: Y > Z >> X.
Chemistry of Khristovite-(Ce)
Mindat Formula:
(CaCe)(MgAlMn2+)F[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
In the type material, the F:O ratio on the O/F site is 63:37.
In the type material, the F:O ratio on the O/F site is 63:37.
Element Weights:
Common Impurities:
Fe
Crystallography of Khristovite-(Ce)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.903(6) Å, b = 5.748(3) Å, c = 10.107(7) Å
β = 113.41(5)°
β = 113.41(5)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.549 : 1 : 1.758
Unit Cell V:
4776 ų
Z:
2
Morphology:
Type material: {001} and {100} dominant, and subordinate {101} and {102} faces.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.52 Å | (40) |
| 2.91 Å | (100) |
| 2.73 Å | (70) |
| 2.63 Å | (80) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations |
Type Occurrence of Khristovite-(Ce)
General Appearance of Type Material:
Elongate grains to 1.5 mm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Moscow, Russia.
Museum of the IImenskij National Park.
Museum of the IImenskij National Park.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Rhodonite occurrence.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Khristovite-(Ce)
Other Language Names for Khristovite-(Ce)
Relationship of Khristovite-(Ce) to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Dollaseite Group:
| Dollaseite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(MgAlMg)F[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.BG. | Alumovesuvianite | Ca19AlAl4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| 9.BG. | Alnaperbøeite-(Ce) | Ca(Ce2.5Na0.5)(AlAl2Al)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2 |
| 9.BG. | Zilbermintsite-(La) | (CaLa5)(Fe3+Al3Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3 |
| 9.BG. | Heflikite | (CaCa)(AlAlSc)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.O5b | Vanadoandrosite-(La) | Mn2+La(V3+AlMn2+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
| 9.BG. | Magnesiovesuvianite | Ca19MgAl4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9 |
| 9.BG. | Zoisite-(Pb) | (CaPb)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG. | Shuiskite-(Cr) | Ca2Cr3+Cr3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2O |
| 9.BG. | Radekškodaite Group | |
| 9.BG.05 | Dissakisite-(La) | (CaLa)(AlAlMg)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05 | Manganiandrosite-(Ce) | (Mn2+Ce)(Mn3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Dissakisite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(AlAlMg)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Allanite-(Sm) | (CaSm)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05a | Hancockite | (CaPb)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05 | Dollaseite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(MgAlMg)F[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05a v | 'Unnamed (Ga-analogue of Epidote)' | (CaCa)(AlAlGa3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05a | Clinozoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05a | Epidote-(Sr) | (CaSr)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05 | Vanadoandrosite-(Ce) | (Mn2+Ce)(V3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Vanadoallanite-(La) | (CaLa)(V3+AlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | 'Unnamed (Mg-analogue of Ferriallanite-(Ce))' | (CaCe)(Fe3+AlMg)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Ferriallanite-(La) | (CaLa)(Fe3+AlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05 | Uedaite-(Ce) | (Mn2+Ce)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05a | Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05 | Tweddillite | (CaSr)(Mn3+AlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Åskagenite-(Nd) | (Mn2+Nd)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4]O |
| 9.BG.05 | Piemontite-(Pb) | (CaPb)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Allanite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Allanite-(La) | (CaLa)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Allanite-(Y) | (CaY)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05a | Piemontite | (CaCa)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Akasakaite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(AlAlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Manganiandrosite-(La) | (Mn2+La)(Mn3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Akasakaite-(La) | (CaLa)(AlAlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Vanadoakasakaite-(La) | (CaLa)(V3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Ferriakasakaite-(La) | (CaLa)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05 | Ferriandrosite-(La) | (Mn2+La)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05 | 'Androsite-(Ce)' | (Mn2+Ce)(AlAlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05 | Vielleaureite-(Ce) | Mn2+Ce(MgAlMn2+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)F(OH) |
| 9.BG.05 | Ferriandrosite-(Ce) | (Mn2+Ce)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Ferriallanite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(Fe3+AlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | 'Unnamed (Mn3+-analogue of Ferriakasakaite-(Ce))' | (CaCe)(Mn3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Vanadoakasakaite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(V3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05 | Piemontite-(Sr) | (CaSr)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05 | Niigataite | (CaSr)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Ferriakasakaite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Allanite-(Nd) | (CaNd)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | 'UM1989-32-SiO:AlCaFeHREE' | (Ca0.5◻0.5REE)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05a | Mukhinite | (CaCa)(AlAlV3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.05b | Manganiakasakaite-(La) | (CaLa)(Mn3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.10 | Zoisite | (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 9.BG.15 | Macfallite | Ca2Mn3+3(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)3 |
| 9.BG.15 | Sursassite | Mn2+2Al3(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)3 |
| 9.BG.20 | Pumpellyite-(Al) | Ca2AlAl2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2O |
| 9.BG.20 | Shuiskite-(Mg) | Ca2MgCr3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
| 9.BG.20 | Julgoldite-(Fe2+) | Ca2Fe2+Fe3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
| 9.BG.20 | Okhotskite | Ca2Mn2+Mn3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
| 9.BG.20 | Julgoldite-(Mg) | Ca2MgFe3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
| 9.BG.20 | Poppiite | Ca2V3+V3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2O |
| 9.BG.20 | Julgoldite-(Fe3+) | Ca2Fe3+Fe3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2O |
| 9.BG.20 | Pumpellyite-(Fe2+) | Ca2Fe2+Al2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
| 9.BG.20 | Pumpellyite-(Fe3+) | Ca2Fe3+Al2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2O |
| 9.BG.20 | Pumpellyite-(Mg) | Ca2MgAl2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
| 9.BG.20 | Pumpellyite-(Mn2+) | Ca2Mn2+Al2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH) |
| 9.BG.25 | Ganomalite | Pb9Ca5Mn(Si2O7)4(SiO4)O |
| 9.BG.25 | Wayneburnhamite | Pb9Ca6(Si2O7)3(SiO4)3 |
| 9.BG.30 | Rustumite | Ca10(Si2O7)2(SiO4)(OH)2Cl2 |
| 9.BG.35 | Modraite | Ca19Fe2+Al4(Al6Fe2+2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9 |
| 9.BG.35 | Fluorvesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(F,OH)9 |
| 9.BG.35 | Vesuvianite | Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| 9.BG.35 | Milanriederite | (Ca18[REE])Fe3+Al4(Mg4Al4)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9 |
| 9.BG.35 | Manaevite-(Ce) | (Ca13Ce4[H2O]2)Mg(Al3Mg)(Mg3Ti3Fe3+2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)8(H4O4)2]O(OH)9 |
| 9.BG.35 | Hongheite | Ca19Fe2+Al4(Fe3+,Mg)8(◻4)B[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH,O)9 |
| 9.BG.35 | Wiluite | Ca19MgAl4(Al,Mg)8(B,◻)4◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(O,OH)9 |
| 9.BG.35 | Cyprine | Ca19Cu2+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9 |
| 9.BG.35 | Manganvesuvianite | Ca19Mn3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9 |
| 9.BG.40 | Vyuntspakhkite-(Y) | (Y,Yb)4Al2.5-1.5(Si,Al)1.5-2.5(SiO4)4O(OH)7 |
| 9.BG.45 | Dellaite | Ca6Si3O11(OH)2 |
| 9.BG.50 | Ferriperbøeite-(Ce) | CaCe3(Fe3+Al2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2 |
| 9.BG.50 | Perbøeite-(La) | CaLa3(AlAl2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2 |
| 9.BG.50 | Perbøeite-(Ce) | CaCe3(AlAl2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2 |
| 9.BG.50 | Gatelite-(Ce) | CaCe3(AlAl2Mg)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2 |
| 9.BG.50 | Ferriperbøeite-(La) | CaLa3(Fe3+Al2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2 |
| 9.BG.55 | Västmanlandite-(Ce) | CaCe3(MgAl2Mg)[Si2O7][SiO4]3F(OH)2 |
| 9.BG.60 | Radekškodaite-(La) | (CaLa5)(Al4Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3 |
| 9.BG.60 | Radekškodaite-(Ce) | (CaCe5)(Al4Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Khristovite-(Ce)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2200.html
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References for Khristovite-(Ce)
Localities for Khristovite-(Ce)
Showing 2 localities.
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The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Kyrgyzstan (TL) | |
| Pautov et al. (1993) +1 other reference |
Namibia | |
| Rio Tinto Group |
Quick NavTopAbout Khristovite-(Ce)Unique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography X-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesRelationshipsCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Rhodonite occurrence, Muzeinyi Valley, Inyl'chek Range, Issyk-Kul Region, Kyrgyzstan