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Sursassite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About SursassiteHide

Formula:
Mn2+2Al3(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)3
May contain minor Ca, Mg and Fe. Trivalent Mn can substitute for Al.
Colour:
Red-brown to copper-red; orange-red
Lustre:
Silky, Dull
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named for the Sursass (Oberhalbstein) district of Switzerland, in which the type locality is situated.
P-T data suggest that the assemblage sursassite + quartz ± braunite is stable at T<400–450° C over a considerable pressure interval at least up to 10 kbar (Reinecke, 1986).

An iron analogue, as well as Fe-Mn solid-solution members have been synthesised by Wunder and Gottschalk (2002).

Chemically and stoichiometrically similar to ardennite-(Si).


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
3832
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3832:0

IMA Classification of SursassiteHide

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

Classification of SursassiteHide

9.BG.15

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
G : Sorosilicates with mixed SiO4 and Si2O7 groups; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
58.2.3.1

58 : SOROSILICATES Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups
2 : Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups with cations in [6] and higher coordination; single and double groups (n = 1, 2)
16.16.4

16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
16 : Aluminosilicates of Mn

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference for Standard
SsIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of SursassiteHide

Silky, Dull
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Red-brown to copper-red; orange-red

Optical Data of SursassiteHide

Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.736 nβ = 1.755 nγ = 1.766
2V:
Calculated: 72°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.030
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.

Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).

This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure - the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are isogyres.

Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
r > v

Chemistry of SursassiteHide

Mindat Formula:
Mn2+2Al3(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)3

May contain minor Ca, Mg and Fe. Trivalent Mn can substitute for Al.
Element Weights:
Element% weight
O44.612 %
Mn21.884 %
Si16.781 %
Al16.122 %
H0.602 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.
O
Mn
Si
Al
H
Common Impurities:
Ti,Fe,Mg,Ca,Na,K,H2O

Crystallography of SursassiteHide

Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.687(1) Å, b = 5.787(1) Å, c = 9.769(1) Å
β = 108.91(1)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.501 : 1 : 1.688
Unit Cell V:
464.60 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0004992SursassiteNagashima M, Akasaka M, Minakawa T, Libowitzky E, Armbruster T (2009) Sursassite: hydrogen bonding, cation order, and pumpellyite intergrowth Sample Number: 7 American Mineralogist 94 1440-14492009Gambatesa, Italy0293
0004991SursassiteNagashima M, Akasaka M, Minakawa T, Libowitzky E, Armbruster T (2009) Sursassite: hydrogen bonding, cation order, and pumpellyite intergrowth Sample Number: 6 American Mineralogist 94 1440-14492009Molinello, Italy0293
0004990SursassiteNagashima M, Akasaka M, Minakawa T, Libowitzky E, Armbruster T (2009) Sursassite: hydrogen bonding, cation order, and pumpellyite intergrowth Sample Number: 5 American Mineralogist 94 1440-14492009Molinello, Italy0293
0004989SursassiteNagashima M, Akasaka M, Minakawa T, Libowitzky E, Armbruster T (2009) Sursassite: hydrogen bonding, cation order, and pumpellyite intergrowth Sample Number: 4 American Mineralogist 94 1440-14492009Kamogawa, Japan0293
0004988SursassiteNagashima M, Akasaka M, Minakawa T, Libowitzky E, Armbruster T (2009) Sursassite: hydrogen bonding, cation order, and pumpellyite intergrowth Sample Number: 3 American Mineralogist 94 1440-14492009Kamisugai, Japan0293
0004987SursassiteNagashima M, Akasaka M, Minakawa T, Libowitzky E, Armbruster T (2009) Sursassite: hydrogen bonding, cation order, and pumpellyite intergrowth Sample Number: 2 American Mineralogist 94 1440-14492009New Brunswick, Canada0293
0004986SursassiteNagashima M, Akasaka M, Minakawa T, Libowitzky E, Armbruster T (2009) Sursassite: hydrogen bonding, cation order, and pumpellyite intergrowth Sample Number: 1 American Mineralogist 94 1440-14492009Falotta, Switzerland0293
0007270SursassiteHatert F, Fransolet A M, Wouters J, Bernhardt H J (2008) The crystal structure of sursassite from the Lienne Valley, Stavelot Massif, Belgium European Journal of Mineralogy 20 993-9982008Lienne syncline, Stravelot Massif, Belgium0293
0006842SursassiteGottschalk M, Fockenberg T, Grevel K-D, Wunder B, Wirth R, Schreyer W, Maresch W V (2000) Crystal structure of the high-pressure phase Mg4(MgAl)Al4[Si6O21/(OH)7]: an analogue of sursassite European Journal of Mineralogy 12 935-94520000293
0007356SursassiteMellini M, Merlino S, Pasero M (1984) X-ray and HRTEM study of sursassite: crystal structure, stacking disorder, and sursassite-pumpellyite intergrowth Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 10 99-10519840293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
4.56 Å(50)
3.72 Å(50)
2.88 Å(70)
2.82 Å(100)
2.66 Å(60)
2.57 Å(70)
2.14 Å(60)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
High-? alteration and/or metamorphism
32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits

Type Occurrence of SursassiteHide

Other Language Names for SursassiteHide

German:Sursassit
Simplified Chinese:锰帘石
Spanish:Sursassita

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:
12 photos of Sursassite associated with QuartzSiO2
5 photos of Sursassite associated with TinzeniteCa2Mn2+4Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2
5 photos of Sursassite associated with CarpholiteMn2+Al2(Si2O6)(OH)4
3 photos of Sursassite associated with Ganophyllite(K,Na)xMn2+6(Si,Al)10O24(OH)4 · nH2O (x = 1-2; n = 7-11)
3 photos of Sursassite associated with AlabanditeMnS
3 photos of Sursassite associated with RhodochrositeMnCO3
2 photos of Sursassite associated with BrauniteMn2+Mn3+6(SiO4)O8
1 photo of Sursassite associated with HematiteFe2O3
1 photo of Sursassite associated with Piemontite(CaCa)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
1 photo of Sursassite associated with PennantiteMn2+5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

9.BG.AlumovesuvianiteCa19AlAl4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9Tet. 4/m : P4/n
9.BG.Alnaperbøeite-(Ce)Ca(Ce2.5Na0.5)(AlAl2Al)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.Zilbermintsite-(La)(CaLa5)(Fe3+Al3Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.Heflikite(CaCa)(AlAlSc)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.O5bVanadoandrosite-(La)Mn2+La(V3+AlMn2+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.MagnesiovesuvianiteCa19MgAl4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9Tet. 4/m : P4/n
9.BG.Zoisite-(Pb)(CaPb)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
9.BG.Shuiskite-(Cr)Ca2Cr3+Cr3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BG.Radekškodaite Group
9.BG.05Dissakisite-(La)(CaLa)(AlAlMg)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05Manganiandrosite-(Ce)(Mn2+Ce)(Mn3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05bDissakisite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlMg)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05bAllanite-(Sm)(CaSm)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05aHancockite(CaPb)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05Dollaseite-(Ce)(CaCe)(MgAlMg)F[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05a v'Unnamed (Ga-analogue of Epidote)'(CaCa)(AlAlGa3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
9.BG.05aClinozoisite(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05aEpidote-(Sr)(CaSr)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05Vanadoandrosite-(Ce)(Mn2+Ce)(V3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05bVanadoallanite-(La)(CaLa)(V3+AlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05b'Unnamed (Mg-analogue of Ferriallanite-(Ce))'(CaCe)(Fe3+AlMg)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
9.BG.05bFerriallanite-(La)(CaLa)(Fe3+AlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05Uedaite-(Ce)(Mn2+Ce)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05aEpidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05Tweddillite(CaSr)(Mn3+AlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05bÅskagenite-(Nd)(Mn2+Nd)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4]OMon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05Piemontite-(Pb)(CaPb)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05bAllanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05bAllanite-(La)(CaLa)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05bAllanite-(Y)(CaY)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05aPiemontite(CaCa)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05bAkasakaite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05bManganiandrosite-(La)(Mn2+La)(Mn3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05bAkasakaite-(La)(CaLa)(AlAlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05bVanadoakasakaite-(La)(CaLa)(V3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05Khristovite-(Ce)(CaCe)(MgAlMn2+)F[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05bFerriakasakaite-(La)(CaLa)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05Ferriandrosite-(La)(Mn2+La)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05'Androsite-(Ce)'(Mn2+Ce)(AlAlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
9.BG.05Vielleaureite-(Ce)Mn2+Ce(MgAlMn2+)(Si2O7)(SiO4)F(OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05Ferriandrosite-(Ce)(Mn2+Ce)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05bFerriallanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(Fe3+AlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05b'Unnamed (Mn3+-analogue of Ferriakasakaite-(Ce))'(CaCe)(Mn3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
9.BG.05bVanadoakasakaite-(Ce)(CaCe)(V3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05Piemontite-(Sr)(CaSr)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05Niigataite(CaSr)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05bFerriakasakaite-(Ce)(CaCe)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05bAllanite-(Nd)(CaNd)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05b'UM1989-32-SiO:AlCaFeHREE'(Ca0.50.5REE)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
9.BG.05aMukhinite(CaCa)(AlAlV3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon.
9.BG.05bManganiakasakaite-(La)(CaLa)(Mn3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.10Zoisite(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
9.BG.15MacfalliteCa2Mn3+3(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)3Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.20Pumpellyite-(Al)Ca2AlAl2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2OMon. 2/m
9.BG.20Shuiskite-(Mg)Ca2MgCr3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH)Mon. 2/m
9.BG.20Julgoldite-(Fe2+)Ca2Fe2+Fe3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH)Mon. 2/m
9.BG.20OkhotskiteCa2Mn2+Mn3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH)Mon. 2/m
9.BG.20Julgoldite-(Mg)Ca2MgFe3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH)Mon.
9.BG.20PoppiiteCa2V3+V3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BG.20Julgoldite-(Fe3+)Ca2Fe3+Fe3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2OMon.
9.BG.20Pumpellyite-(Fe2+)Ca2Fe2+Al2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH)Mon. 2/m
9.BG.20Pumpellyite-(Fe3+)Ca2Fe3+Al2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2OMon. 2/m
9.BG.20Pumpellyite-(Mg)Ca2MgAl2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH)Mon. 2/m
9.BG.20Pumpellyite-(Mn2+)Ca2Mn2+Al2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH)Mon. 2/m
9.BG.25GanomalitePb9Ca5Mn(Si2O7)4(SiO4)OHex. 6 : P6
9.BG.25WayneburnhamitePb9Ca6(Si2O7)3(SiO4)3Hex. 6 : P6
9.BG.30RustumiteCa10(Si2O7)2(SiO4)(OH)2Cl2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.BG.35ModraiteCa19Fe2+Al4(Al6Fe2+2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nnc
9.BG.35FluorvesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(F,OH)9Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nnc
9.BG.35VesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nnc
9.BG.35Milanriederite(Ca18[REE])Fe3+Al4(Mg4Al4)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nnc
9.BG.35Manaevite-(Ce)(Ca13Ce4[H2O]2)Mg(Al3Mg)(Mg3Ti3Fe3+2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)8(H4O4)2]O(OH)9Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nnc
9.BG.35HongheiteCa19Fe2+Al4(Fe3+,Mg)8(◻4)B[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH,O)9Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nnc
9.BG.35WiluiteCa19MgAl4(Al,Mg)8(B,◻)4◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(O,OH)9Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nnc
9.BG.35CyprineCa19Cu2+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9Tet. 4/m : P4/n
9.BG.35ManganvesuvianiteCa19Mn3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9Tet. 4/m : P4/n
9.BG.40Vyuntspakhkite-(Y)(Y,Yb)4Al2.5-1.5(Si,Al)1.5-2.5(SiO4)4O(OH)7Mon.
9.BG.45DellaiteCa6Si3O11(OH)2Tric.
9.BG.50Ferriperbøeite-(Ce)CaCe3(Fe3+Al2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.50Perbøeite-(La)CaLa3(AlAl2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2 Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.50Perbøeite-(Ce)CaCe3(AlAl2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2 Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.50Gatelite-(Ce)CaCe3(AlAl2Mg)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BG.50Ferriperbøeite-(La) CaLa3(Fe3+Al2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.55Västmanlandite-(Ce)CaCe3(MgAl2Mg)[Si2O7][SiO4]3F(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.60Radekškodaite-(La) (CaLa5)(Al4Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.60Radekškodaite-(Ce)(CaCe5)(Al4Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3Mon. 2/m : P21/m

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for SursassiteHide

References for SursassiteHide

Reference List:

Localities for SursassiteHide

Showing 32 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
Hide all sections | Show all sections

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Belgium
 
  • Wallonia
    • Liège
Hatert et al. (2014)
      • Stoumont
Blondieau (2005)
Canada
 
  • New Brunswick
    • Carleton Co.
      • Wakefield Parish
Heinrich (1962)
China
 
  • Guangxi
    • Chongzuo
      • Daxin Co.
Jiuling Zhang (1982) +1 other reference
  • Xinjiang
    • Hami Prefecture (Kumul Prefecture; Qumul Prefecture)
      • Yizhou District
        • Xiaoshitouquan Ag-Cu ore field
Junchen Yang et al. (1998)
Junchen Yang et al. (1998)
Greece
 
  • Attica
    • East Attica
      • Marathon
Stouraiti et al. (2022)
  • South Aegean
    • Andros
      • Vasiliko Mountain
Reinecke et al. (1991)
Italy
 
  • Aosta Valley
    • Nus
      • Saint-Barthélemy
Barresi et al. (2005)
  • Liguria
    • Genoa
      • Ne
Redazionale (2005)
415. +1 other reference
        • Reppia
415 (354) +1 other reference
  • Piedmont
    • Cuneo Province
      • Pontechianale
Piccoli (2002) +1 other reference
Compagnoni et al. (1976)
    • Metropolitan City of Turin
      • Cesana Torinese
Martin et al. (1984) +3 other references
      • Mezzenile
Mario Caiolo Collection
      • Salbertrand
Piccoli et al. (2007) +1 other reference
      • Usseaux
Piccoli et al. (2007)
      • Viù
        • Col San Giovanni
Orlandi et al. (2013)
Japan
 
  • Ehime Prefecture
    • Ouzu City
Nagashima et al. (2009) +1 other reference
Matsubara et al (1987)
Nagashima et al. (2009)
  • Nagasaki Prefecture
    • Nagasaki City
      • Kinkai-Tone-machi
Uehara et al. (2014)
  • Tokushima Prefecture
MINAKAWA et al. (1987)
Switzerland
 
  • Grisons
    • Albula Region
      • Surses
        • Mulegns
Geiger T. (1948) +1 other reference
        • Tinizong (Tinzen)
Geiger T. (1948) +1 other reference
          • Err valley
Schweiz.Min.Petr.Mitt. (1926)
Mandarino (2001)
    • Plessur Region
      • Arosa
        • Langwies
Analyses by N. Meisser
USA
 
  • California
White (1973)
      • Palos Verdes Peninsula
rruff.geo.arizona.edu (n.d.)
          • George Canyon (George F. Canyon)
Mitchell et al. (1973) +2 other references
 
and/or  
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