Heulandite-Ca
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Heulandite-Ca
Formula:
(Ca,Na)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 26H2O
Colour:
White, colorless, red, yellow, brown, green
Lustre:
Vitreous, Pearly
Hardness:
3½ - 4
Specific Gravity:
2.1 - 2.2
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1822 by Henry James Brooke in honour of Johann Heinrich "John Henry" Heuland (21 March 1778, Beyreuth, Germany - 16 November 1856, Hastings, Sussex, England, UK), a mineral collector and mineral dealer living in England and for the suffix indicating dominant Ca. Despite having an international reputation, there are no known images of Henry Heuland.
Type Locality:
The calcium analogue of Heulandite-Ba, Heulandite-K, Heulandite-Na, and Heulandite-Sr.
Clinoptilolite-Ca-Heulandite-Ca Series.
Clinoptilolite-Ca-Heulandite-Ca Series.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
6988
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:6988:1
Similar Names
| Heulandite-Ba | A valid IMA mineral species | (Ba,Ca,K)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 22H2O |
| Heulandite-K | A valid IMA mineral species | (K,Ca,Na)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 26H2O |
| Heulandite-Na | A valid IMA mineral species | (Na,Ca,K)6(Si,Al)36O72 · 22H2O |
IMA Classification of Heulandite-Ca
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
(Ca,Na,K)5(Si27Al9)O72·26H2O
Approval year:
1997
Classification of Heulandite-Ca
9.GE.05
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
G : Tektosilicates with zeolitic H2O; zeolite family
E : Chains of T10O20 Tetrahedra
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
G : Tektosilicates with zeolitic H2O; zeolite family
E : Chains of T10O20 Tetrahedra
Dana 7th ed.:
77.1.4.1
77.1.4.1
77 : TECTOSILICATES Zeolites
1 : Zeolite group - True zeolites
77 : TECTOSILICATES Zeolites
1 : Zeolite group - True zeolites
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Hul-Ca | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Hul | Kretz (1983) | Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279. |
| Hul | Siivolam & Schmid (2007) | Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download |
| Hul | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
| Hul | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
| Hul | Warr (2020) | Warr, L.N. (2020) Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases. Clay Minerals, 55, 261–264 doi:10.1180/clm.2020.30 |
Physical Properties of Heulandite-Ca
Vitreous, Pearly
Transparency:
Transparent
Comment:
Pearly on cleavage {010}
Colour:
White, colorless, red, yellow, brown, green
Streak:
White
Hardness:
3½ - 4 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on the {010}
Perfect on the {010}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
2.1 - 2.2 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.17 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Heulandite-Ca
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.491 - 1.505 nβ = 1.493 - 1.503 nγ = 1.5 - 1.512
2V:
Measured: 10° to 48°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.007 - 0.009
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Moderate (negative)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
r > v distinct
Optical Extinction:
Z = b; X ∧ a = 0°-34°; Y ∧ c = 0°-32°.
Chemistry of Heulandite-Ca
Mindat Formula:
(Ca,Na)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 26H2O
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Heulandite-Ca
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/m
Setting:
C2/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 17.73 Å, b = 17.82 Å, c = 7.43 Å
β = 116.33°
β = 116.33°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.995 : 1 : 0.417
Unit Cell V:
2,103.96 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Rhombic prisms, or coffin-shaped tabular crystals, granular, massive. Often in curved aggregates.
Twinning:
{100} is twin and contact plane.
Comment:
Merkle & Slaughter (1967). The reduced cell has beta ~113°. May be triclinic due to Al-Si ordering.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0006869 | Heulandite-Ca | Comodi P, Gatta G D, Zanazzi P F (2001) High-pressure structural behaviour of heulandite European Journal of Mineralogy 13 497-505 | 2001 | 0.0001 | 293 | ||
| 0006866 | Heulandite-Ca | Comodi P, Gatta G D, Zanazzi P F (2001) High-pressure structural behaviour of heulandite European Journal of Mineralogy 13 497-505 | 2001 | 0.0001 | 293 | ||
| 0001668 | Heulandite-Ca | Gunter M E, Armbruster T, Kohler T, Knowles C R (1994) Crystal structure and optical properties of Na- and Pb-exchanged heulandite-group zeolites Atomic parameters from ICSD American Mineralogist 79 675-682 |  | 1994 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0000810 | Heulandite-Ca | Mortier W J, Pearce J R (1981) Thermal stability of the heulandite-type framework: Crystal structure of the calcium/ammonium form dehydrated at 483K American Mineralogist 66 309-314 | | 1981 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0000180 | Heulandite-Ca | Merkle A B, Slaughter M (1968) Determination and refinement of the structure of heulandite American Mineralogist 53 1120-1138 | | 1968 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0000154 | Heulandite-Ca | Merkle A B, Slaughter M (1967) The crystal structure of heulandite (Ca,Na2)[Al2Si7O18].6H2O American Mineralogist 52 273-276 | | 1967 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0006867 | Heulandite-Ca | Comodi P, Gatta G D, Zanazzi P F (2001) High-pressure structural behaviour of heulandite European Journal of Mineralogy 13 497-505 | 2001 | 1.45 | 293 | ||
| 0006868 | Heulandite-Ca | Comodi P, Gatta G D, Zanazzi P F (2001) High-pressure structural behaviour of heulandite European Journal of Mineralogy 13 497-505 | 2001 | 3.4 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.917 Å | (100) |
| 2.959 Å | (90) |
| 8.84 Å | (80) |
| 7.80 Å | (70) |
| 5.096 Å | (70) |
| 3.420 Å | (70) |
| 2.805 Å | (70) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust | >4.50 |
| 9 : Lava/xenolith minerals (hornfels, sanidinite facies) | |
| 10 : Basalt-hosted zeolite minerals | |
| Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere | >4.45 |
| 16 : Low-? aqueous alteration of Hadean subaerial lithologies (see also #23) | |
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47) | |
| 24 : Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments (see also #17) | |
| 25 : Evaporites (prebiotic) | |
| Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
| 48 : Soil leaching zone minerals | <0.6 |
Geological Setting:
Cavities in basalt and as a devitrification product from volcanic glasses.
Type Occurrence of Heulandite-Ca
Synonyms of Heulandite-Ca
Other Language Names for Heulandite-Ca
Varieties of Heulandite-Ca
| Beaumontite (of Lévy) | Beaumontite differs from standard heulandite as a crystallographic variety with fewer crystal faces, resulting in beaumontite resembling an orthorhombic mineral with "right square prism". Most beaumontite, by coincidence, is generally golden yellow. |
Relationship of Heulandite-Ca to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Heulandite Subgroup:
| Heulandite-Ba | (Ba,Ca,K)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 22H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Heulandite-K | (K,Ca,Na)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 26H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Heulandite-Na | (Na,Ca,K)6(Si,Al)36O72 · 22H2O | Mon. m : Bm |
| Heulandite-Sr | (Sr,Na,Ca)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 24H2O | Mon. m : Bm |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 434 photos of Heulandite-Ca associated with Stilbite-Ca | NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O |
| 228 photos of Heulandite-Ca associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 190 photos of Heulandite-Ca associated with Fluorapophyllite-(K) | KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O |
| 182 photos of Heulandite-Ca associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 146 photos of Heulandite-Ca associated with Mordenite | (Na2,Ca,K2)4(Al8Si40)O96 · 28H2O |
| 121 photos of Heulandite-Ca associated with 'Chalcedony' | SiO2 |
| 92 photos of Heulandite-Ca associated with Celadonite | K(MgFe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| 90 photos of Heulandite-Ca associated with Chabazite-Ca | (Ca,K2,Na2)2[Al2Si4O12]2 · 12H2O |
| 76 photos of Heulandite-Ca associated with Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| 59 photos of Heulandite-Ca associated with Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.GE.05 | Heulandite-K | (K,Ca,Na)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 26H2O |
| 9.GE.05 | Heulandite-Na | (Na,Ca,K)6(Si,Al)36O72 · 22H2O |
| 9.GE.05 | Heulandite-Sr | (Sr,Na,Ca)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 24H2O |
| 9.GE.05 | Heulandite-Ba | (Ba,Ca,K)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 22H2O |
| 9.GE.05 | Clinoptilolite-Ca | Ca3(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O |
| 9.GE.05 | Clinoptilolite-K | K6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O |
| 9.GE.05 | Clinoptilolite-Na | Na6(Si30Al6)O72 · 20H2O |
| 9.GE.10 | Stilbite-Ca | NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O |
| 9.GE.10 | Stilbite-Na | Na9(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O |
| 9.GE.15 | Barrerite | Na2(Si7Al2)O18 · 6H2O |
| 9.GE.15 | Stellerite | Ca4(Si28Al8)O72 · 28H2O |
| 9.GE.20 | Brewsterite-Ba | Ba(Al2Si6)O16 · 5H2O |
| 9.GE.20 | Brewsterite-Sr | Sr(Al2Si6)O16 · 5H2O |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Heulandite-Ca
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-6988.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Heulandite-Ca
Reference List:
Merkle, A. B., Slaughter, M. (1968) Determination and refinement of the structure of heulandite. American Mineralogist, 53 (7-8) 1120-1138
Alberti, A. (1972) On the crystal structure of the zeolite heulandite. TMPM Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 18 (2). 129-146 doi:10.1007/bf01081798
Coombs, Douglas S., Alberti, Alberto, Armbruster, Thomas, Artioli, Gilberto, Colella, Carmine, Galli, Ermanno, Grice, Joel D., Liebau, Friedrich, Mandarino, Joseph A., Minato, Hideo, et al. (1997) Recommended nomenclature for zeolite minerals; report of the Subcommittee on Zeolites of the International Mineralogical Association, Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. The Canadian Mineralogist, 35 (6). 1571-1606
Localities for Heulandite-Ca
Showing 338 localities.
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The Locality List
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- This locality has estimated coordinates.
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? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
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Gunnedah, Pottinger Co., New South Wales, Australia