Vishnevite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Vishnevite
Formula:
(Na,K)8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,CO3) · 2H2O
Colour:
colourless, light blue, orange-yellow, white
Lustre:
Vitreous, Pearly
Hardness:
5 - 6
Specific Gravity:
2.32 - 2.42
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Member of:
Name:
Named after its discovery locality, Kurochkin Valley, Vishnevy Gory, Urals, Russia.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
4190
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4190:0
IMA Classification of Vishnevite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Na8(Al6Si6)O24(S6+O4)·2H2O
Classification of Vishnevite
9.FB.05
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
F : Tektosilicates without zeolitic H2O
B : Tektosilicates with additional anions
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
F : Tektosilicates without zeolitic H2O
B : Tektosilicates with additional anions
76.2.5.15
76 : TECTOSILICATES Al-Si Framework
2 : Al-Si Framework Feldspathoids and related species
76 : TECTOSILICATES Al-Si Framework
2 : Al-Si Framework Feldspathoids and related species
17.10.3
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
10 : Silicates with sulphate, molybdate or tungstate
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
10 : Silicates with sulphate, molybdate or tungstate
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Vhn | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Pronunciation of Vishnevite
Pronunciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Vishnevite
Vitreous, Pearly
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Colourless, light blue, orange-yellow, white
Streak:
White
Hardness:
5 - 6 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on {1010}, poor on {0001}.
Perfect on {1010}, poor on {0001}.
Density:
2.32 - 2.42 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.37 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Vishnevite
Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.490 - 1.507 nε = 1.488 - 1.495
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.002 - 0.012
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Chemistry of Vishnevite
Mindat Formula:
(Na,K)8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,CO3) · 2H2O
Element Weights:
Common Impurities:
Sr
Crystallography of Vishnevite
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Class (H-M):
6 - Pyramidal
Space Group:
P63
Cell Parameters:
a = 12.7228(3) Å, c = 5.198(3) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.409
Unit Cell V:
728.67 ų
Z:
1
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0004320 | Vishnevite | Della Ventura G, Bellatreccia F, Parodi G C, Camara F, Piccinini M (2007) Single-crystal FTIR and X-ray study of vishnevite, ideally [Na6(SO4)][Na2(H2O)2](Si6Al6O24) American Mineralogist 92 713-721 | ![]() | 2007 | Latium, Italy | 0 | 293 |
| 0005197 | Vishnevite | Hassan I, Grundy H D (1984) The character of the cancrinite-vishnevite solid-solution series The Canadian Mineralogist 22 333-349 | ![]() | 1984 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.273 Å | (100) |
| 3.695 Å | (88) |
| 2.769 Å | (65) |
| 4.742 Å | (50) |
| 2.649 Å | (28) |
| 2.101 Å | (27) |
| 6.4 Å | (25) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks |
Type Occurrence of Vishnevite
Co-Type Localities:
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
No designated type material.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Vishnevite
Other Language Names for Vishnevite
Varieties of Vishnevite
| Carbonate-Vishnevite | A carbonate-bearing variety of vishnevite. Originally reported from Lovozero Massif, Kola Peninsula, Murmanskaja Oblast', Northern Region, Russia. |
Relationship of Vishnevite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Cancrinite Group:
| Afghanite | (Na,K)22Ca10(Si24Al24O96)(SO4)6Cl6 | Trig. 3m : P31c |
| Alloriite | (Na,Ca,K)26Ca4(Al6Si6O24)4(SO4)6Cl6 | Trig. 3m : P31c |
| Balliranoite | (Na,K)6Ca2(Si6Al6O24)Cl2(CO3) | Hex. 6 : P63 |
| Betzite | Na6Ca2(Al6Si6O24)Cl4 | Hex. 6 : P63 |
| Biachellaite | (Na,Ca,K)8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)2(OH)0.5 · H2O | Trig. 3 : P3 |
| Bystrite | (Na,K)7Ca(Al6Si6O24)(S5)Cl | Trig. 3m : P31c |
| Cancrinite | (Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O | Hex. 6 : P63 |
| Cancrisilite | Na7(Al5Si7O24)(CO3) · 3H2O | Hex. 6mm : P63mc |
| Carbobystrite | Na8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3) · 3.5H2O | Trig. 3m : P31c |
| Davyne | (Na,K)6Ca2(Al6Si6O24)(Cl2,SO4)2 | Hex. 6/m : P63/m |
| Depmeierite | Na8(Al6Si6O24)(PO4,CO3)1-x · 3H2O (x<0.5) | Hex. 6 : P63 |
| Fantappièite | [Na82.5Ca33K16.5](Si99Al99O396)(SO4)33 · 4H2O | Trig. 3 : R3 |
| Farneseite | (Na,Ca,K)56(Al6Si6O24)7(SO4)12 · 6H2O | Hex. 6/m : P63/m |
| Franzinite | (Na,K)6Ca2(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)2 · 0.5H2O | Hex. |
| Giuseppettite | (Na,K,Ca)7-8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,Cl)1-2 | Trig. 3m : P31c |
| Hydroxycancrinite | Na8(Al6Si6O24)(OH)2 · 2H2O | Hex. 6 : P63 |
| Kircherite | Na5Ca2K(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)2 · 0.33H2O | Trig. 32 : R32 |
| Kyanoxalite | Na7(Al6-xSi6+xO24)(C2O4)0.5+x · 5H2O (0 < x < 0.5) | Hex. 6 : P63 |
| Liottite | (Na,K)16Ca8(Al6Si6O24)3(SO4)5Cl4 | Hex. 6 : P6 |
| Marinellite | (Na,K)42Ca6(Al6Si6O24)6(SO4)8Cl2 · 3H2O | Trig. 3m : P31c |
| Microsommite | Na4K2Ca2(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)Cl2 | Hex. 622 : P6322 |
| Pitiglianoite | Na6K2(Al6Si6O24)(SO4) · 2H2O | Hex. 6 : P63 |
| Quadridavyne | (Na,K)6Ca2(Al6Si6O24)Cl4 | Hex. 6/m : P63/m |
| Sacrofanite | (Na61K19Ca32)(Si84Al84O336)(SO4)26Cl2F6 · 2H2O | Hex. |
| Steudelite | Na3(K17Ca7)Ca4(Al24Si24O96)(SO3)6F6 · 4H2O | Hex. 6m2 : P62c |
| Sulfhydrylbystrite | Na5K2Ca[Al6Si6O24](S5)2(SH) | Trig. 3m : P31c |
| Tounkite | (Na,Ca,K)8(Si6Al6)O24(SO4)2Cl · 0.5H2O | Hex. 622 : P6222 |
| 'UM2004-48-SiO:AlClCaNaS' | (Na,Ca)8(Si6Al6)O24(SO4)1.7Cl1.3 | |
| 'UM2009-23-SiO:AlCCaClHKNaS' | (Na,Ca)24K10[(Si,Al)60O120](SO4)5.6Cl1.5(CO3)0.4 · 11H2O | Trig. 3 : P3 |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 4 photos of Vishnevite associated with Nepheline | Na3K(Al4Si4O16) |
| 4 photos of Vishnevite associated with Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| 2 photos of Vishnevite associated with Sodalite | Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl |
| 1 photo of Vishnevite associated with Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| 1 photo of Vishnevite associated with Götzenite | NaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3 |
| 1 photo of Vishnevite associated with Cancrinite Group |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.FB. | Perchukite-(Y) | PbYAsSi2O8 |
| 9.FB. | Åsgruvanite-(Ce) | Ce16Ca5Al(SiO4)6(AsO3)8(CO3)2Cl4F3(OH)2 |
| 9.FB. | Steudelite | Na3(K17Ca7)Ca4(Al24Si24O96)(SO3)6F6 · 4H2O |
| 9.FB. | Wenlanzhangite-(Y) | Y2V3+2V4+2(SiO4)2O4(OH)4 |
| 9.FB. | Slyudyankaite | Na28Ca4(Si24Al24O96)(SO4)6(S6)1/3(CO2) · 2H2O |
| 9.FB. | Bolotinaite | (Na7◻)(Al6Si6O24)F · 4H2O |
| 9.FB. | Sapozhnikovite | Na8(Al6Si6O24)(HS)2 |
| 9.FB. | Betzite | Na6Ca2(Al6Si6O24)Cl4 |
| 9.FB.05 | Quadridavyne | (Na,K)6Ca2(Al6Si6O24)Cl4 |
| 9.FB.05 | Sulfhydrylbystrite | Na5K2Ca[Al6Si6O24](S5)2(SH) |
| 9.FB.05 | Marinellite | (Na,K)42Ca6(Al6Si6O24)6(SO4)8Cl2 · 3H2O |
| 9.FB.05 | Afghanite | (Na,K)22Ca10(Si24Al24O96)(SO4)6Cl6 |
| 9.FB.05 | Bystrite | (Na,K)7Ca(Al6Si6O24)(S5)Cl |
| 9.FB.05 | Franzinite | (Na,K)6Ca2(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)2 · 0.5H2O |
| 9.FB.05 | Kyanoxalite | Na7(Al6-xSi6+xO24)(C2O4)0.5+x · 5H2O (0 < x < 0.5) |
| 9.FB.05 | Farneseite | (Na,Ca,K)56(Al6Si6O24)7(SO4)12 · 6H2O |
| 9.FB.05 | Alloriite | (Na,Ca,K)26Ca4(Al6Si6O24)4(SO4)6Cl6 |
| 9.FB.05 | Liottite | (Na,K)16Ca8(Al6Si6O24)3(SO4)5Cl4 |
| 9.FB.05 | Depmeierite | Na8(Al6Si6O24)(PO4,CO3)1-x · 3H2O (x<0.5) |
| 9.FB.05 | Biachellaite | (Na,Ca,K)8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)2(OH)0.5 · H2O |
| 9.FB.05 | Cancrinite | (Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 9.FB.05 | Cancrisilite | Na7(Al5Si7O24)(CO3) · 3H2O |
| 9.FB.05 | Fantappièite | [Na82.5Ca33K16.5](Si99Al99O396)(SO4)33 · 4H2O |
| 9.FB.05 | Carbobystrite | Na8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3) · 3.5H2O |
| 9.FB.05 | Microsommite | Na4K2Ca2(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)Cl2 |
| 9.FB.05 | Pitiglianoite | Na6K2(Al6Si6O24)(SO4) · 2H2O |
| 9.FB.05 | Tounkite | (Na,Ca,K)8(Si6Al6)O24(SO4)2Cl · 0.5H2O |
| 9.FB.05 | Balliranoite | (Na,K)6Ca2(Si6Al6O24)Cl2(CO3) |
| 9.FB.05 | Giuseppettite | (Na,K,Ca)7-8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,Cl)1-2 |
| 9.FB.05 | Sacrofanite | (Na61K19Ca32)(Si84Al84O336)(SO4)26Cl2F6 · 2H2O |
| 9.FB.05 | Kircherite | Na5Ca2K(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)2 · 0.33H2O |
| 9.FB.05 | Hydroxycancrinite | Na8(Al6Si6O24)(OH)2 · 2H2O |
| 9.FB.05 | Davyne | (Na,K)6Ca2(Al6Si6O24)(Cl2,SO4)2 |
| 9.FB.10 | Haüyne | Na3Ca(Si3Al3)O12(SO4) |
| 9.FB.10 | Lazurite | Na7Ca(Al6Si6O24)(SO4)(S3) · H2O |
| 9.FB.10 | Danalite | Be3Fe2+4(SiO4)3S |
| 9.FB.10 | Helvine | Be3Mn2+4(SiO4)3S |
| 9.FB.10 | Kamaishilite | Ca2(Al2SiO6)(OH)2 |
| 9.FB.10 | Sodalite | Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl |
| 9.FB.10 | Nosean | Na8(Al6Si6O24)(SO4) · H2O |
| 9.FB.10 | Genthelvite | Be3Zn4(SiO4)3S |
| 9.FB.10 | Bicchulite | Ca2(Al2SiO6)(OH)2 |
| 9.FB.10 | Tsaregorodtsevite | (N(CH3)4)(AlSi5O12) |
| 9.FB.10 | Vladimirivanovite | Na6Ca2(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,S3,S2,Cl)2 · H2O |
| 9.FB.10 | Tugtupite | (BeAlSi)Na4(SiO4)3Cl |
| 9.FB.15 | Marialite | Na4Al3Si9O24Cl |
| 9.FB.15 | Meionite | Ca4Al6Si6O24CO3 |
| 9.FB.15 | Silvialite | (Ca,Na)4(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,CO3) |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Vishnevite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4190.html
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References for Vishnevite
Reference List:
Stewart, F. H. (1941) On sulphatic cancrinite and analcime (eudnophite) from Loch Borolan, Assynt. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 26 (172) 1-8 doi:10.1180/minmag.1941.026.172.04
Hassan, I., Grundy, H. D. (1984) The crystal structures of sodalite-group minerals. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, 40 (1) 6-13 doi:10.1107/s0108768184001683
Jambor, John L.; Bladh, Kenneth W.; Ercit, T. Scott; Grice, Joel D.; Grew, Edward S. (1988) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 73 (7-8). 927-935
Ballirano, P., Maras, A., Buseck, P. R. (1996) Crystal chemistry and IR spectroscopy of Cl- and SO4-bearing cancrinite-like minerals. American Mineralogist, 81 (7) 1003-1012 doi:10.2138/am-1996-7-822
Ventura, G. D., Bellatreccia, F., Parodi, G. C., Camara, F., Piccinini, M. (2007) Single-crystal FTIR and X-ray study of vishnevite, ideally [Na6(SO4)][Na2(H2O)2](Si6Al6O24) American Mineralogist, 92 (5) 713-721 doi:10.2138/am.2007.2197
Pekov, I. V., Olysych, L. V., Chukanov, N. V., Zubkova, N. V., Pushcharovsky, D. Y., Van, K. V., Giester, G., Tillmanns, E. (2011) Crystal chemistry of cancrinite-group minerals with an AB-type framework: A review and new data. I. Chemical and structural variations. The Canadian Mineralogist, 49 (5) 1129-1150 doi:10.3749/canmin.49.5.1129
Chukanov, N. V., Pekov, I. V., Olysych, L. V., Zubkova, N. V., Vigasina, M. F. (2011) Crystal chemistry of cancrinite-group minerals with an AB-type framework: A review and new data. II. IR spectroscopy and its crystal-chemical implications. The Canadian Mineralogist, 49 (5) 1151-1164 doi:10.3749/canmin.49.5.1151
Localities for Vishnevite
Showing 35 localities.
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Bottrill (2021) |
Brazil | |
| Azzi (2019) |
| Azzi et al. (2018) +1 other reference | |
Canada | |
| mentioned in Peterson (1983) |
| Coulson et al. (2007) |
| Chakhmouradian et al. (2008) +1 other reference |
| Davidson (1970) |
DR Congo | |
| doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362 (89) +13 other references |
Germany | |
| Blass et al. (2010) |
| Riley |
Greenland | |
| Petersen et al. (1985) |
Guinea | |
| Gerasimovskii et al. (Guinea) +7 other references |
Italy | |
| Bellatreccia et al. (2006) |
| Bellatreccia et al. (2006) |
| Di Domenico Dario | |
| Burli et al. (2010) |
| luigi mattei |
| |
| Bellatreccia et al. (2006) |
Morocco | |
| Bea et al. (2013) |
Poland | |
| Grabarczyk et al. (2022) |
Russia (TL) | |
| Pekov (1998) |
| Ventura et al. (2007) |
| PEKOV et al. (2013) |
| [var: Carbonate-Vishnevite] Nickel et al. (1991) | |
| Selivanova et al. (2024) |
| [World of Stones 12:49] | |
UK | |
| Ventura et al. (2007) |
Ukraine | |
| Kryvdik S. G. · Sharygin V. V. · Gatsenko V. O. · Lunev E. S. (2016) |
USA | |
| Czamanske et al. (1980) +3 other references |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Rocks & Min.: 60:229. |
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Fosso La Nova, Farnese, Viterbo Province, Lazio, Italy