Schmiederite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Schmiederite
Wilhelm R.O. Schmieder
Formula:
Pb2Cu2(Se6+O4)(Se4+O3)(OH)4
Colour:
Bright blue, greenish blue
Lustre:
Sub-Adamantine
Specific Gravity:
5.62 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named by Juan A. Olsacher in 1963 in honor of Wilhelm Richard Oscar Schmieder (27 January 1891, Bonn, Germany - 12 February 1980, Schleswig, Germany), German geographer and professor who spent most of his career in Kiel. From 1920 to 1925, he was a professor and director of the Museo de Mineralogia y Geologia, Universidad Nacional, at Cordoba, Argentina. Note that before 1980, the mineral was mistakenly spelled 'schmeiderite'.
Isostructural with:
Linarite-Chenite Group.
The selenate analogue of munakataite.
Chemically similar to (e.g.) franksousaite.
The selenate analogue of munakataite.
Chemically similar to (e.g.) franksousaite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3569
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3569:5
Similar Names
| Schmidite | A valid IMA mineral species | [Zn2(Fe3+,Mn2+)2Fe3+(PO4)3(OH)3(H2O)6] · 2H2O |
| Schmitterite | A valid IMA mineral species | (UO2)(TeO3) |
| Smithite | A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered | AgAsS2 |
| Smythite | A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered | (Fe,Ni)3+xS4 (x=0-0.3) |
IMA Classification of Schmiederite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Cu2+2Pb2+2(Se4+O3)(Se6+O4)(OH)4
First published:
1962
Classification of Schmiederite
7.BC.65
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
B : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, without H2O
C : With medium-sized and large cations
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
B : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, without H2O
C : With medium-sized and large cations
Dana 7th ed.:
33.1.1.1
33.1.1.1
33 : SELENATES AND TELLURATES
1 : (AB)m(XO4)pZq
33 : SELENATES AND TELLURATES
1 : (AB)m(XO4)pZq
28.2.2
28 : Selenites, Selenates, Tellurites, and Tellurates
2 : Selenates
28 : Selenites, Selenates, Tellurites, and Tellurates
2 : Selenates
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Scm | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Schmiederite
Sub-Adamantine
Transparency:
Transparent
Comment:
satiny in aggregates.
Colour:
Bright blue, greenish blue
Density:
5.62 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Schmiederite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.85 - 1.9 nβ = 1.9 - 1.95 nγ = 1.95 - 2.1
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.100 - 0.200
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
No measured or calculated 2V is on file for this mineral, so the value used here (74°) is estimated from its recorded refractive indices and optic sign, not from a direct 2V measurement.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
No measured or calculated 2V is on file for this mineral, so the value used here (74°) is estimated from its recorded refractive indices and optic sign, not from a direct 2V measurement.
Chemistry of Schmiederite
Mindat Formula:
Pb2Cu2(Se6+O4)(Se4+O3)(OH)4
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Schmiederite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/m
Setting:
P21/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.922(3) Å, b = 5.712(2) Å, c = 9.396(3) Å
β = 101.96(3)°
β = 101.96(3)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.737 : 1 : 1.645
Unit Cell V:
520.95 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0014612 | Schmiederite | Effenberger H (1987) Crystal structure and chemical formula of schmiederite, Pb2Cu2(OH)4(SeO3)(SeO4), with a comparison to linarite PbCu(OH)2(SO4) Mineralogy and Petrology 36 3-12 | 1987 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.23 Å | (100) |
| 3.19 Å | (90) |
| 3.13 Å | (90) |
| 3.57 Å | (60) |
| 4.85 Å | (50) |
| 4.52 Å | (50) |
| 2.74 Å | (40) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47b : [Sulfates and sulfites] | |
| 47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates] | |
| Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
| 56 : Slag and smelter minerals (see also #51 and #55) |
Type Occurrence of Schmiederite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
The Natural History Museum, London, England, 1962,217; National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 160487.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Other Language Names for Schmiederite
Relationship of Schmiederite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Linarite-Chenite Group:
| Chenite | Pb4Cu(SO4)2(OH)6 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Franksousaite | PbCu(Se6+O4)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Munakataite | Pb2Cu2(Se4+O3)(SO4)(OH)4 | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 10 photos of Schmiederite associated with Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 4 photos of Schmiederite associated with Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 3 photos of Schmiederite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 2 photos of Schmiederite associated with Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| 2 photos of Schmiederite associated with Covellite | CuS |
| 2 photos of Schmiederite associated with Caledonite | Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 |
| 1 photo of Schmiederite associated with Chenite | Pb4Cu(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| 1 photo of Schmiederite associated with Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| 1 photo of Schmiederite associated with Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| 1 photo of Schmiederite associated with Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 7.BC. | Viskontite | Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(SeO3)(OH)6 |
| 7.BC. | Zincochenite | Pb4Zn(OH)6(SO4)2 |
| 7.BC. | D'Ansite-(Mn) | Na21Mn2+(SO4)10Cl3 |
| 7.BC. | D'Ansite-(Fe) | Na21Fe2+(SO4)10Cl3 |
| 7.BC. | Acmonidesite | (NH4,K,Pb)8NaFe2+4(SO4)5Cl8 |
| 7.BC. | Adranosite | (NH4)4NaAl2(SO4)4Cl(OH)2 |
| 7.BC. | Chromviskontite | Pb5Cu2(CrO4)3(SeO3)(OH)6 |
| 7.BC. | Backite | Pb2AlTeO6Cl |
| 7.BC. | Adranosite-(Fe) | (NH4)4NaFe3+2(SO4)4Cl(OH)2 |
| 7.BC. | Agaite | Pb3CuTeO5(OH)2(CO3) |
| 7.BC. | Wildcatite | CaFe3+Te6+O5(OH) |
| 7.BC. | Hagstromite | Pb8Cu2+(Te6+O6)2(CO3)Cl4 |
| 7.BC.05 | D'Ansite | Na21Mg(SO4)10Cl3 |
| 7.BC.07 | 'Apatelite' | Fe3(SO4)2(OH)5 · 0.5H2O |
| 7.BC.07 | 'Unnamed (Ba-Fe Vanadate)' | Ba, Fe, V, O, H |
| 7.BC.10 | Jarosite | KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| 7.BC.10 | Dorallcharite | TlFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| 7.BC.10 | Argentojarosite | AgFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| 7.BC.10 | Natroalunite | NaAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| 7.BC.10 | Natrojarosite | NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| 7.BC.10 | Beaverite-(Cu) | Pb(Fe3+2Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| 7.BC.10 | Beaverite-(Zn) | Pb(Fe3+2Zn)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| 7.BC.10 | Walthierite | Ba0.5Al3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| 7.BC.10 | Huangite | Ca0.5Al3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| 7.BC.10 | 'Natroalunite-2c' | (Na,Ca0.5,K)Al3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| 7.BC.10 | Alunite | KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| 7.BC.10 | Plumbojarosite | Pb0.5Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| 7.BC.10 | Karlseifertite | Pb(Ga2Ge)(AsO4)2(OH)6 |
| 7.BC.10 | Hydroniumjarosite | (H3O)Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| 7.BC.10 | Ammonioalunite | (NH4)Al3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| 7.BC.10 | Ammoniojarosite | (NH4)Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| 7.BC.10 | Osarizawaite | Pb(Al2Cu2+)(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| 7.BC.10 | Schlossmacherite | (H3O)Al3(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| 7.BC.15 | Ye'elimite | Ca4Al6(SO4)O12 |
| 7.BC.20 | Nabokoite | KCu7(SO4)5(Te4+O3)OCl |
| 7.BC.20 | Puninite | Na2Cu3O(SO4)3 |
| 7.BC.20 | Atlasovite | K(BiO)Cu6Fe3+(SO4)5O3Cl |
| 7.BC.25 | Chlorothionite | K2Cu(SO4)Cl2 |
| 7.BC.30 | Euchlorine | KNaCu3(SO4)3O |
| 7.BC.30 | Fedotovite | K2Cu3(SO4)3O |
| 7.BC.35 | Kamchatkite | KCu3(SO4)2OCl |
| 7.BC.40 | Piypite | K4Cu4O2(SO4)4 · (Na,Cu)Cl |
| 7.BC.45 | Alumoklyuchevskite | K3Cu3(Al,Fe3+)(SO4)4O2 |
| 7.BC.45 | Belousovite | KZn(SO4)Cl |
| 7.BC.45 | Klyuchevskite | K3Cu3(Fe3+,Al)(SO4)4O2 |
| 7.BC.47 | Müllerite | Pb2Fe3+(Te6+O6)Cl |
| 7.BC.50 | Caledonite | Pb5Cu2(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6 |
| 7.BC.50 | Elasmochloite | Na3Cu6BiO4(SO4)5 |
| 7.BC.52 | Eleomelanite | (K2Pb)Cu4O2(SO4)4 |
| 7.BC.55 | Falgarite | K4(VO)3(SO4)5 |
| 7.BC.55 | Wherryite | Pb7Cu2(SO4)4(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| 7.BC.57 | Krasheninnikovite | KNa2CaMg(SO4)3F |
| 7.BC.60 | Wulffite | K3NaCu4O2(SO4)4 |
| 7.BC.60 | Parawulffite | K5Na3Cu8O4(SO4)8 |
| 7.BC.60 | Mammothite | Pb6Cu4AlSb5+O2(OH)16Cl4(SO4)2 |
| 7.BC.62 | Shuvalovite | K2(Ca2Na)(SO4)3F |
| 7.BC.65 | Saccoite | Ca2Mn3+2F(OH)8 · 0.5(SO4) |
| 7.BC.65 | Linarite | PbCu(SO4)(OH)2 |
| 7.BC.65 | Therasiaite | (NH4)3KNa2Fe2+Fe3+(SO4)3Cl5 |
| 7.BC.65 | Franksousaite | PbCu(Se6+O4)(OH)2 |
| 7.BC.65 | Munakataite | Pb2Cu2(Se4+O3)(SO4)(OH)4 |
| 7.BC.70 | Chenite | Pb4Cu(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| 7.BC.75 | Krivovichevite | Pb3Al(OH)6(SO4)(OH) |
| 7.BC.80 | Anhydrokainite | KMg(SO4)Cl |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Schmiederite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3569.html
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References for Schmiederite
Reference List:
Mitchell, R. S. (1980) Schmiederite: comments on the name. Mineralogical Magazine, 43 (330) 824 doi:10.1180/minmag.1980.043.330.22
(1980) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. Mineralogical Magazine, 43 (332) 1053-1055 doi:10.1180/minmag.1980.043.332.17
Effenberger, H. (1987) Crystal structure and chemical formula of schmiederite, Pb2Cu2(OH)4(SeO3)(SeO4), with a comparison to linarite, PbCu(OH)2(SO4) Mineralogy and Petrology, 36 (1) 3-12 doi:10.1007/bf01164365
Localities for Schmiederite
Showing 18 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Paar et al. (2002) |
| de Brodtkorb +3 other references | |
| Sarp et al. (1987) +1 other reference |
Bolivia | |
| Schnorrer-Köhler et al. (1990) +3 other references |
Czech Republic | |
| Sejkora et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
Italy | |
| Olmi F. et al. (1995) |
| Campostrini et al. (1999) +1 other reference |
South Africa | |
| Gomersall (2023) |
UK | |
| Weiß et al. (2001) +1 other reference |
| Ex-S Rust collection |
| Green (1987) +2 other references |
| Day (1999) |
| Cardiff Museum | |
| Ex-S Rust collection |
| S. Rust collection |
| |
USA | |
| Grant et al. (2005) |
| Bulletin of the Mineralogical Society ... +1 other reference |
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El Dragón mine, Porco Municipality, Antonio Quijarro Province, Potosí, Bolivia