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Kahlerite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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00777150017271924125561.jpg
Kahlerite

Knichte section, Lölling mining district, Hüttenberger Erzberg, Hüttenberg, Sankt Veit an der Glan District, Carinthia, Austria
08660320017271924148832.jpg
Kahlerite, etc.

Knichte section, Lölling mining district, Hüttenberger Erzberg, Hüttenberg, Sankt Veit an der Glan District, Carinthia, Austria
02003880017271924192036.jpg
Kahlerite

Lichtenberg Absetzer dump, Kauern, Greiz District, Thuringia, Germany
00777150017271924125561.jpg
Kahlerite

Knichte section, Lölling mining district, Hüttenberger Erzberg, Hüttenberg, Sankt Veit an der Glan District, Carinthia, Austria
08660320017271924148832.jpg
Kahlerite, etc.

Knichte section, Lölling mining district, Hüttenberger Erzberg, Hüttenberg, Sankt Veit an der Glan District, Carinthia, Austria
02003880017271924192036.jpg
Kahlerite

Lichtenberg Absetzer dump, Kauern, Greiz District, Thuringia, Germany
00777150017271924125561.jpg
Kahlerite

Knichte section, Lölling mining district, Hüttenberger Erzberg, Hüttenberg, Sankt Veit an der Glan District, Carinthia, Austria
03082020017271924281271.jpg
Kahlerite, etc.

Knichte section, Lölling mining district, Hüttenberger Erzberg, Hüttenberg, Sankt Veit an der Glan District, Carinthia, Austria
Hide all sections | Show all sections

About KahleriteHide

01520230017271924317251.jpg
Franz Kahler
Formula:
Fe2+(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2O
Colour:
yellow
Hardness:
2 - 2½
Specific Gravity:
3.22 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Member of:
Autunite Group
Name:
Named by H. Meixner in 1953 for Franz Kahler (23 June 1900, Karolinenthal, Czech Republic - 6 August 1995, Sankt Veit an der Glan, Austria), geologist, Carinthian Landesmuseum, Klagenfurt, Austria.
An iron arsenate member of the autunite group.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
2131
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2131:5

Similar NamesHide

CleriteA valid IMA mineral speciesMnSb2S4
KelleriteA variety of Pentahydrite(Mg,Cu)SO4 · 5H2O
KolariteA valid IMA mineral speciesPbTeCl2
KolleriteA valid IMA mineral species(NH4)2Fe3+(SO3)2(OH) · H2O
KulariteA variety of Monazite-(Ce)(Ce,Nd,La,Eu)[PO4]

Classification of KahleriteHide

00572780017683530272384.jpg
The autunite-type sheet

The autunite-type sheet found in members of the autunite group.

IMA Classification of KahleriteHide

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Fe2+(U6+O2)2(As5+O4)2(H2O)6·6H2O
Strunz-mindat (2026):
8.EB.05

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
E : Uranyl phosphates and arsenates
B : UO2:RO4 = 1:1
Dana 8th ed.:
40.2a.15.1

40 : HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
2a : AB2(XO4)2·xH2O, containing (UO2)2+
Hey's CIM Ref.:
20.7.19

20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
7 : Arsenates of U

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference for Standard
KahIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of KahleriteHide

Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Yellow
Hardness:
2 - 2½ on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Perfect
{001}
Density:
3.22 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of KahleriteHide

Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.634(5) nε = 1.632(5)
2V:
Measured: 9° to 33°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.002
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.

Surface Relief:
Moderate
Comments:
nearly uniaxial to biaxial

Chemistry of KahleriteHide

Mindat Formula:
Fe2+(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2O
Element Weights:
Element% weight
U43.678 %
O35.231 %
As13.748 %
Fe5.124 %
H2.220 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.
Elements listed:
As, Fe, H, O, U - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of KahleriteHide

Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4/m - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
P42/n
Cell Parameters:
a = 14.30 Å, c = 21.97 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 1.536
Unit Cell V:
4,492.65 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
8

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.53 Å(100)
11.1 Å(80)
5.55 Å(50)
3.59 Å(50)
1.603 Å(40)
1.763 Å(30)
3.20 Å(20)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Type Occurrence of KahleriteHide

Type Locality:
ⓘ Knichte section, Lölling mining district, Hüttenberger Erzberg, Hüttenberg, Sankt Veit an der Glan District, Carinthia, Austria
General Appearance of Type Material:
tabular lemon-yellow crystals 2 mm. in size
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Carinthian Landesmuseum, Klagenfurt, Austria; Cambridge University, Cambridge, England.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
secondary mineral in the oxidized zone of a uraninite-bearing iron deposit
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
LöllingitePitticiteScoroditeSymplesite

Other Language Names for KahleriteHide

Dutch:Kahleriet
German:Kahlerit
Spanish:Kahlerita

Relationship of Kahlerite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Autunite Group
Other Members of Autunite Group:
AutuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
BassetiteFe2+(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10H2OMon. 2/m
HeinrichiteBa(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
HydronováčekiteMg(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2OTric. 1 : P1
NováčekiteMg(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2OMon. 2/m
RauchiteNi(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2OTric. 1 : P1
SabugaliteHAl(UO2)4(PO4)4 · 16H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
SaléeiteMg(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10H2OMon. 2/m
TorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4/mmm
UranocirciteBa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10H2OTet.
UranospiniteCa(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm
ZeuneriteCu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4/mmm

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:
2 photos of Kahlerite associated with MetalodèviteZn(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2O
2 photos of Kahlerite associated with ParauranophaneCa(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O
1 photo of Kahlerite associated with SideriteFeCO3
1 photo of Kahlerite associated with Chadwickite(UO2)[HAsO3]
1 photo of Kahlerite associated with ZeuneriteCu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2O
1 photo of Kahlerite associated with 'Stink-Fluss'CaF2
1 photo of Kahlerite associated with BassetiteFe2+(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10H2O

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

8.EB.Meta-autunite GroupA1-2(UO2)2(TO4)2 · 5-10H2O
8.EB.05RauchiteNi(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.EB.05UranocirciteBa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10H2OTet.
8.EB.05UranospiniteCa(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm
8.EB.05ZeuneriteCu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4/mmm
8.EB.05MetarauchiteNi(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.EB.05HeinrichiteBa(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.EB.05HydronováčekiteMg(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.EB.05TorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4/mmm
8.EB.05NováčekiteMg(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2OMon. 2/m
8.EB.05AutuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
8.EB.05SaléeiteMg(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10H2OMon. 2/m
8.EB.05Xiangjiangite(Fe3+,Al)(UO2)4(PO4)2(SO4)2(OH) · 22H2OTet.
8.EB.10BassetiteFe2+(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10H2OMon. 2/m
8.EB.10LehneriteMn2+(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m
8.EB.10Meta-autuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m)
8.EB.10MetasaléeiteMg(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2O
8.EB.10MetauranocirciteBa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 7H2OMon. 2 : P21
8.EB.10MetauranospiniteCa(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTet. 4/m : P42/n
8.EB.10MetaheinrichiteBa(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OMon. 2 : P21
8.EB.10MetakahleriteFe2+(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.EB.10MetakirchheimeriteCo(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.EB.10MetanováčekiteMg(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTet. 4/m : P4/n
8.EB.10MetanatroautuniteNa(UO2)(PO4)(H2O)3Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/ncc
8.EB.10MetatorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2OTet. 4/m : P4/n
8.EB.10MetazeuneriteCu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTet. 4/m : P42/n
8.EB.10PrzhevalskitePb2(UO2)3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 3H2OTet.
8.EB.10'Pseudo-autunite'(H3O)4Ca2(UO2)2(PO4)4 · 5H2OOrth.
8.EB.15AbernathyiteK(UO2)(AsO4) · 3H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/ncc
8.EB.15Uramphite(NH4)2(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm
8.EB.15Meta-ankoleiteK2(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm
8.EB.15NatrouranospiniteNa2(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 5H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm
8.EB.15Trögerite(H3O)(UO2)(AsO4) · 3H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm
8.EB.15Chernikovite(H3O)2(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm
8.EB.15Uramarsite(NH4)(UO2)(AsO4) · 3H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/mmm
8.EB.20ChistyakovaiteAl(UO2)2(AsO4)2(F,OH) · 6.5H2OMon.
8.EB.20ThreadgolditeAl(UO2)2(PO4)2(OH) · 8H2OMon.
8.EB.25Uranospathite(Al,◻)(UO2)2(PO4)2F · 20(H2O,F)Orth. mm2 : Pnn2
8.EB.25ArsenuranospathiteAl(UO2)2(AsO4)2F · 20H2OOrth. mm2 : Pnn2
8.EB.30Vochtenite(Fe2+,Mg)Fe3+(UO2)4(PO4)4(OH) · 12-13H2OMon.
8.EB.35CoconinoiteFe3+2Al2(UO2)2(PO4)4(SO4)(OH)2 · 20H2OMon.
8.EB.40RanunculiteHAl(UO2)(PO4)(OH)3 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
8.EB.45TrianguliteAl3(UO2)4(PO4)4(OH)5 · 5H2OTric.
8.EB.50FurongiteAl13(UO2)7(PO4)13(OH)14 · 58H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.EB.55ArsenosabugaliteH0.5Al0.5(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.EB.55SabugaliteHAl(UO2)4(PO4)4 · 16H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
8.EB.60Horákite(Bi7O7OH)[(UO2)4(PO4)2(AsO4)2(OH)2] · 3.5H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b

RadioactivityHide

Radioactivity:
Element % Content Activity (Bq/kg) Radiation Type
Uranium (U) 43.6781% 10,919,525 α, β, γ
Thorium (Th) 0.0000% 0 α, β, γ
Potassium (K) 0.0000% 0 β, γ

For comparison:

  • Banana: ~15 Bq per fruit
  • Granite: 1,000–3,000 Bq/kg
  • EU exemption limit: 10,000 Bq/kg

Note: Risk is shown relative to daily recommended maximum exposure to non-background radiation of 1000 µSv/year. Note that natural background radiation averages around 2400 µSv/year so in reality these risks are probably extremely overstated! With infrequent handling and safe storage natural radioactive minerals do not usually pose much risk.

Interactive Simulator:

Note: The mass selector refers to the mass of radioactive mineral present, not the full specimen, also be aware that the matrix may also be radioactive, possibly more radioactive than this mineral!

Activity: –

DistanceDose rateRisk
1 cm
10 cm
1 m

The external dose rate (D) from a radioactive mineral is estimated by summing the gamma radiation contributions from its Uranium, Thorium, and Potassium content, disregarding daughter-product which may have a significant effect in some cases (eg 'pitchblende'). This involves multiplying the activity (A, in Bq) of each element by its specific gamma ray constant (Γ), which accounts for its unique gamma emissions. The total unshielded dose at 1 cm is then scaled by the square of the distance (r, in cm) and multiplied by a shielding factor (μshield). This calculation provides a 'worst-case' or 'maximum risk' estimate because it assumes the sample is a point source and entirely neglects any self-shielding where radiation is absorbed within the mineral itself, meaning actual doses will typically be lower. The resulting dose rate (D) is expressed in microsieverts per hour (μSv/h).

D = ((AU × ΓU) + (ATh × ΓTh) + (AK × ΓK)) / r2 × μshield

Fluorescence of KahleriteHide

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for KahleriteHide

References for KahleriteHide

Localities for KahleriteHide

Showing 20 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
Hide all sections | Show all sections

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Austria (TL)
 
  • Carinthia
    • Sankt Veit an der Glan District
      • Hüttenberg
        • Hüttenberger Erzberg
          • Lölling mining district
Meixner (1953)
  • Salzburg
    • St. Johann im Pongau District
Exel (1993)
Czech Republic
 
  • Karlovy Vary Region
    • Karlovy Vary District
Hloušek et al. (2002)
  • South Bohemian Region
    • Písek District
Škoda et al. (2011)
France
 
  • Occitanie
    • Hérault
      • Lodève
        • Le Puech
- (1998)
        • Lodève
- (1998)
Germany
 
  • Saxony
    • Erzgebirgskreis
Lapis 30 (7/8)
Namibia
 
  • Erongo Region
    • Omaruru Constituency
Jahn et al. (2006) +1 other reference
Poland
 
  • Lower Silesian Voivodeship
    • Karkonosze County
      • Gmina Janowice Wielkie
Siuda R. et al. (2010)
Slovakia
 
  • Košice Region
    • Gelnica District
      • Henclová
Martin Števko-unpublished
      • Prakovce
Ondrejka et al. (2024)
Spain
 
  • Castile and Leon
    • Salamanca
      • Villar de Peralonso
Joan Rosell (2021)
  • Catalonia
    • Lleida
      • Pallars Jussà
        • La Vall Fosca
          • La Torre de Cabdella
            • Castell-estaó
Castillo-Oliver et al. (2019)
  • Extremadura
    • Badajoz
      • La Haba
www.foro-minerales.com (n.d.)
www.foro-minerales.com (n.d.)
      • Quintana de la Serena
www.foro-minerales.com (n.d.)
UK
 
  • Scotland
    • Dumfries and Galloway
Braithwaite et al. (1990)
Day (1999)
Seward (1975) +1 other reference
      • Needle's Eye
R. S. W. Braithwaite and J. R. Knight (1990) +1 other reference
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