Trögerite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Trögerite
Formula:
(H3O)(UO2)(AsO4) · 3H2O
Colour:
Lemon-yellow, to deep yellow
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Waxy, Pearly
Hardness:
2 - 3
Specific Gravity:
3.3 - 3.55
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Member of:
Name:
Named by A. Weisbach in 1871 for "R. Troeger", possibly for Richard Otto Troeger [1838-1917], mining administrator at Schneeberg, Saxony, Germany. (The translation of 'Bergverwalter' (= mining administrator) may indicate a lesser position such as mine captain, mine superintendent, or shift boss.)
There is a considerable confusion in the literature in distinguishing amongst two independent species, (meta)hydroniumuranospinite (structure based upon autunite topology), and trögerite (structure based upon different topology, as indicated by U:As ratio equal 3:2, c.f. original description by Weissbach 1873). Locock et al. (2004) introduced a misleading assignment of trögerite to the autunite group, with the composition (H3O)2[(UO2)2(AsO4)2](H2O)6. Chernorukov et al. (2011) synthesized compound of the composition (UO2)3(AsO4)2(H2O)12, which they equalized with trögerite. Structural investigations of Locock and Burns (2002) on synthetic (UO2)3(PO4)2(H2O)4, which is based on uranophane topology, suggests, that trögerite may be based on similar topology, having a framework structure with uranium located both on sheets as well as in interlayer, similarly as e.g. phosphuranylite (Demartin et al. 1991). The chemical composition of trögerite given in original description by Weissbach (1873) suggests that these two substances are not same mineral. Recently electron microanalysis of the type material of trögerite documented neither presence of trögerite on it nor the presence of (H3O)2[(UO2)2(AsO4)2](H2O)6. All analyzed crystals belong to nováčekite (Plášil et al. in prep.)
Possibly the arsenate analogue of 'UM1963-03-PO:HU'. Compare 'Unnamed (Hydronium-uranyl arsenate)', a chemically similar phase.
A secondary mineral usually found as crusts or aggregates of microscopic crystals. Often found growing in parallel with zeunerite.
Possibly the arsenate analogue of 'UM1963-03-PO:HU'. Compare 'Unnamed (Hydronium-uranyl arsenate)', a chemically similar phase.
A secondary mineral usually found as crusts or aggregates of microscopic crystals. Often found growing in parallel with zeunerite.
Name Encoding
ASCII-7:
Trogerite
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
4013
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4013:2
Classification of Trögerite
The autunite-type sheet
The autunite-type sheet found in members of the meta-autunite group and shared with members of the autunite group.
IMA Classification of Trögerite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
(H3O)(U6+O2)(As5+O4)·3H2O
8.EB.15
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
E : Uranyl phosphates and arsenates
B : UO2:RO4 = 1:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
E : Uranyl phosphates and arsenates
B : UO2:RO4 = 1:1
Dana 7th ed.:
40.2.20.1
40.2a.20.1
40 : HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
2a : AB2(XO4)2·xH2O, containing (UO2)2+
40 : HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
2a : AB2(XO4)2·xH2O, containing (UO2)2+
20.7.1
20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
7 : Arsenates of U
20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
7 : Arsenates of U
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Tge | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Trögerite
Sub-Vitreous, Waxy, Pearly
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
pearly on the {001} cleavage.
Colour:
Lemon-yellow, to deep yellow
Streak:
White to pale yellow
Hardness:
2 - 3 on Mohs scale
Hardness Data:
Measured
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on {001}, on {100} good; on {011} poor or in traces.
Perfect on {001}, on {100} good; on {011} poor or in traces.
Fracture:
Micaceous
Density:
3.3 - 3.55 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.80 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
D has been calculated up to 5.13 (HB v4). Discrepancy is unexplained.
Optical Data of Trögerite
Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.585 nβ = 1.630 nγ = 1.630 nω = 1.580 nε = 1.620 - 1.624
Birefringence:
0.045
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.040 - 0.044
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized uniaxial interference figure - the conoscopic
(convergent-light, Bertrand-lens-in) view, for a grain cut with the optic axis
centred and vertical. The coloured rings are isochromatics, computed with the
same physics as the Michel-Lévy bar above; the dark cross is the isogyre.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
Dispersion:
r > v
Optical Extinction:
Anomalously biaxial, X=c, Z ^ a = 13°, 2° = very small nearly zero
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
O = Y = Z = Lemon-yellow
E = X = Nearly colourless
E = X = Nearly colourless
Comments:
May be biaxial -, probably anomalous, zoned due to differences in H2O content.
Chemistry of Trögerite
Mindat Formula:
(H3O)(UO2)(AsO4) · 3H2O
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Trögerite
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) - Ditetragonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
P4/nmm
Setting:
P4/nmm
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.16 Å, c = 8.80 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 1.229
Unit Cell V:
451.14 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
1
Morphology:
Elongated thin tabular {001}, often composite and uneven; nonpinacoidal forms asymmetrically developed, implying a Monoclinic symmetry; other faces small and striated horizontally. Found as crusts or aggregates of microscopic crystals, often found growing in parallel with zeunerite.
Twinning:
None reported.
Epitaxial Relationships of Trögerite
Epitaxial Minerals:
| 'Zeunerite' | Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2O |
Epitaxy Comments:
Zeunerite crystals commonly occur overgrowing Trögerite in parallel position.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 8.59 Å | (100) |
| 5.50 Å | (70) |
| 4.35 Å | (70) |
| 3.79 Å | (90) |
| 3.30 Å | (80) |
| 2.70 Å | (70) |
| 2.19 Å | (70) |
| 2.01 Å | (70) |
Comments:
ICDD 8-326 (synthetic)
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates] | |
| 47f : [Uranyl (U⁶⁺) minerals] |
Geological Setting:
A secondary mineral of uranium mineral deposits.
Type Occurrence of Trögerite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Mining Academy, Freiberg, Germany: #21800. Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: #106035.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Oxidised zone of a silver-nickel-arsenic-uranium deposit.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Trögerite
Other Language Names for Trögerite
Relationship of Trögerite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Meta-autunite Group:
| Abernathyite | K(UO2)(AsO4) · 3H2O | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/ncc |
| Arsenosabugalite | H0.5Al0.5(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Chernikovite | (H3O)2(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm |
| Lehnerite | Mn2+(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m |
| Meta-ankoleite | K2(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm |
| Meta-autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) |
| Metaheinrichite | Ba(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2 : P21 |
| Metakahlerite | Fe2+(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Metakirchheimerite | Co(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Metalodèvite | Zn(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2O | Tet. 4/m : P42/m |
| Metanatroautunite | Na(UO2)(PO4)(H2O)3 | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/ncc |
| Metanováčekite | Mg(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O | Tet. 4/m : P4/n |
| Metarauchite | Ni(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Metasaléeite | Mg(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2O | |
| Metatorbernite | Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2O | Tet. 4/m : P4/n |
| Metauranocircite | Ba(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 7H2O | Mon. 2 : P21 |
| Metauranospinite | Ca(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O | Tet. 4/m : P42/n |
| Metazeunerite | Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O | Tet. 4/m : P42/n |
| Natrouranospinite | Na2(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 5H2O | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm |
| Uramarsite | (NH4)(UO2)(AsO4) · 3H2O | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/mmm |
| Uramphite | (NH4)2(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 11 photos of Trögerite associated with Zeunerite | Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2O |
| 10 photos of Trögerite associated with Uranosphaerite | Bi(UO2)O2(OH) |
| 5 photos of Trögerite associated with Asselbornite | Pb(BiO)3(UO2)4(AsO4)2(OH)7 · 4H2O |
| 4 photos of Trögerite associated with Uranophane | Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O |
| 3 photos of Trögerite associated with Metazeunerite | Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| 3 photos of Trögerite associated with Strengite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| 3 photos of Trögerite associated with Phosphuranylite | KCa(H3O)3(UO2)7(PO4)4O4 · 8H2O |
| 2 photos of Trögerite associated with Billietite | Ba(UO2)6O4(OH)6 · 4-8H2O |
| 2 photos of Trögerite associated with Churchite-(Y) | Y(PO4) · 2H2O |
| 2 photos of Trögerite associated with Uraninite | UO2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.EB. | Meta-autunite Group | A1-2(UO2)2(TO4)2 · 5-10H2O |
| 8.EB.05 | Rauchite | Ni(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2O |
| 8.EB.05 | Uranocircite | Ba(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10H2O |
| 8.EB.05 | Uranospinite | Ca(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2O |
| 8.EB.05 | Zeunerite | Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2O |
| 8.EB.05 | Metarauchite | Ni(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.EB.05 | Heinrichite | Ba(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2O |
| 8.EB.05 | Kahlerite | Fe2+(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2O |
| 8.EB.05 | Hydronováčekite | Mg(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2O |
| 8.EB.05 | Torbernite | Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O |
| 8.EB.05 | Nováčekite | Mg(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2O |
| 8.EB.05 | Autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O |
| 8.EB.05 | Saléeite | Mg(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10H2O |
| 8.EB.05 | Xiangjiangite | (Fe3+,Al)(UO2)4(PO4)2(SO4)2(OH) · 22H2O |
| 8.EB.10 | Bassetite | Fe2+(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10H2O |
| 8.EB.10 | Lehnerite | Mn2+(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.EB.10 | Meta-autunite | Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O |
| 8.EB.10 | Metasaléeite | Mg(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.EB.10 | Metauranocircite | Ba(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 7H2O |
| 8.EB.10 | Metauranospinite | Ca(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.EB.10 | Metaheinrichite | Ba(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.EB.10 | Metakahlerite | Fe2+(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.EB.10 | Metakirchheimerite | Co(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.EB.10 | Metanováčekite | Mg(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.EB.10 | Metanatroautunite | Na(UO2)(PO4)(H2O)3 |
| 8.EB.10 | Metatorbernite | Cu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.EB.10 | Metazeunerite | Cu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.EB.10 | Przhevalskite | Pb2(UO2)3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 3H2O |
| 8.EB.10 | 'Pseudo-autunite' | (H3O)4Ca2(UO2)2(PO4)4 · 5H2O |
| 8.EB.15 | Abernathyite | K(UO2)(AsO4) · 3H2O |
| 8.EB.15 | Uramphite | (NH4)2(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O |
| 8.EB.15 | Meta-ankoleite | K2(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O |
| 8.EB.15 | Natrouranospinite | Na2(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 5H2O |
| 8.EB.15 | Chernikovite | (H3O)2(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O |
| 8.EB.15 | Uramarsite | (NH4)(UO2)(AsO4) · 3H2O |
| 8.EB.20 | Chistyakovaite | Al(UO2)2(AsO4)2(F,OH) · 6.5H2O |
| 8.EB.20 | Threadgoldite | Al(UO2)2(PO4)2(OH) · 8H2O |
| 8.EB.25 | Uranospathite | (Al,◻)(UO2)2(PO4)2F · 20(H2O,F) |
| 8.EB.25 | Arsenuranospathite | Al(UO2)2(AsO4)2F · 20H2O |
| 8.EB.30 | Vochtenite | (Fe2+,Mg)Fe3+(UO2)4(PO4)4(OH) · 12-13H2O |
| 8.EB.35 | Coconinoite | Fe3+2Al2(UO2)2(PO4)4(SO4)(OH)2 · 20H2O |
| 8.EB.40 | Ranunculite | HAl(UO2)(PO4)(OH)3 · 4H2O |
| 8.EB.45 | Triangulite | Al3(UO2)4(PO4)4(OH)5 · 5H2O |
| 8.EB.50 | Furongite | Al13(UO2)7(PO4)13(OH)14 · 58H2O |
| 8.EB.55 | Arsenosabugalite | H0.5Al0.5(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.EB.55 | Sabugalite | HAl(UO2)4(PO4)4 · 16H2O |
| 8.EB.60 | Horákite | (Bi7O7OH)[(UO2)4(PO4)2(AsO4)2(OH)2] · 3.5H2O |
Radioactivity
Radioactivity:
| Element | % Content | Activity (Bq/kg) | Radiation Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Uranium (U) | 49.3820% | 12,345,500 | α, β, γ |
| Thorium (Th) | 0.0000% | 0 | α, β, γ |
| Potassium (K) | 0.0000% | 0 | β, γ |
For comparison:
- Banana: ~15 Bq per fruit
- Granite: 1,000–3,000 Bq/kg
- EU exemption limit: 10,000 Bq/kg
Note: Risk is shown relative to daily recommended maximum exposure to non-background radiation of 1000 µSv/year. Note that natural background radiation averages around 2400 µSv/year so in reality these risks are probably extremely overstated! With infrequent handling and safe storage natural radioactive minerals do not usually pose much risk.
Interactive Simulator:
Note: The mass selector refers to the mass of radioactive mineral present, not the full specimen, also be aware that the matrix may also be radioactive, possibly more radioactive than this mineral!
Activity: –
| Distance | Dose rate | Risk |
|---|---|---|
| 1 cm | ||
| 10 cm | ||
| 1 m |
The external dose rate (D) from a radioactive mineral is estimated by summing the gamma radiation contributions from its Uranium, Thorium, and Potassium content, disregarding daughter-product which may have a significant effect in some cases (eg 'pitchblende'). This involves multiplying the activity (A, in Bq) of each element by its specific gamma ray constant (Γ), which accounts for its unique gamma emissions. The total unshielded dose at 1 cm is then scaled by the square of the distance (r, in cm) and multiplied by a shielding factor (μshield). This calculation provides a 'worst-case' or 'maximum risk' estimate because it assumes the sample is a point source and entirely neglects any self-shielding where radiation is absorbed within the mineral itself, meaning actual doses will typically be lower. The resulting dose rate (D) is expressed in microsieverts per hour (μSv/h).
D = ((AU × ΓU) + (ATh × ΓTh) + (AK × ΓK)) / r2 × μshield
Fluorescence of Trögerite
Lemon-yellow (UV).
Other Information
Notes:
Soluble in acids.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Trögerite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4013.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
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References for Trögerite
Reference List:
Goldschmidt (1899) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 31: 468.
Larsen, Esper S. (1921) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. Bulletin 679. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/b679 p.145
Palache, Charles; Berman, Harry; Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons.pp.966-967 - as Troegerite
Mrose, Mary E. (1953) Studies of uranium minerals (XIII): Synthetic uranospinites. American Mineralogist, 38 (11-12) 1159-1168
Frondel, Clifford (1958) Systematic mineralogy of uranium and thorium. Bulletin 1064. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/b1064 pp.187-191
Localities for Trögerite
Showing 30 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Hurtig et al. (2014) |
Canada | |
| |
China | |
| Wang et al. (2026) |
Czech Republic | |
| Pauliš P. et al. (Kutna Hora, issue 1) |
| Hloušek et al. (2002) |
| Scharm +7 other references |
| Pauliš P. et al. (Kutna Hora, issue 1) |
| Pauliš P. et al. (Kutna Hora, issue 1) |
France | |
| - (1998) |
| Caubel (1997) |
Germany | |
| Lorenz (2004) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| S Wolfsried collection |
| Massanek et al. (2005) | |
| Martin et al. (1992) | |
| A. Weisbach (1871) +2 other references |
| Witzke et al. (1998) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Chukanov et al. (2006) |
Poland | |
| Siuda et al. (2003) |
Russia | |
| Krinov D.I. et al. (2011) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2012) |
Slovakia | |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
Spain | |
| mineralsabella.blogspot.de (n.d.) |
Tajikistan | |
| Chernikov et al. (1997) |
UK | |
| Elton et al. (1995) |
| Golley et al. (1995) |
USA | |
| ... |
| Roberts et al. (1965) |
| USGS 1970 PP495-C Cenozoic geology of ... |
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Adam Heber Mine, Neustädtel, Schneeberg, Erzgebirgskreis, Saxony, Germany