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Abernathyite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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08271560017724459256902.jpg
Abernathyite, etc.

Rivièral, Le Bosc, Lodève, Hérault, Occitanie, France
03543790017271920842023.jpg
Abernathyite, etc.

Rivièral, Le Bosc, Lodève, Hérault, Occitanie, France
01400040017271998958519.jpg
Abernathyite

Rivièral, Le Bosc, Lodève, Hérault, Occitanie, France
08139930017700577589464.jpg
Abernathyite, etc.

Rivièral, Le Bosc, Lodève, Hérault, Occitanie, France
03543790017271920842023.jpg
Abernathyite, etc.

Rivièral, Le Bosc, Lodève, Hérault, Occitanie, France
01400040017271998958519.jpg
Abernathyite

Rivièral, Le Bosc, Lodève, Hérault, Occitanie, France
08271560017724459256902.jpg
Abernathyite, etc.

Rivièral, Le Bosc, Lodève, Hérault, Occitanie, France
03543790017271920842023.jpg
Abernathyite, etc.

Rivièral, Le Bosc, Lodève, Hérault, Occitanie, France
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About AbernathyiteHide

09699050017271920915916.jpg
Jesse Everett Abernathy
Formula:
K(UO2)(AsO4) · 3H2O
Colour:
yellow
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy, Greasy
Hardness:
2½ - 3
Specific Gravity:
3.32
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Name:
Named by M. E. Thompson, B. Ingram, and E. B. Gross in 1956 after Jesse Evrett Abernathy (September 7, 1913 - November 5, 1963, Moab, UT, USA), amateur mineralogist and lapidarist and operator of the Fumarole mine.
Meta-autunite Group. Chemically the As analogue of meta-ankoleite (both crystallize in the same point group).

A rare secondary uranium mineral.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
3
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3:3

Classification of AbernathyiteHide

00572780017683530272384.jpg
The autunite-type sheet

The autunite-type sheet found in members of the meta-autunite group and shared with members of the autunite group.

IMA Classification of AbernathyiteHide

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
K(U6+O2)As5+O4·3H2O
First published:
1956
Type description reference:
Thomspon, M. E., Ingram, Blanche, Gross, E. B. (1956) Abernathyite, a new uranium mineral of the metatorbernite group. American Mineralogist, 41 (1-2) 82-90
Strunz-mindat (2026):
8.EB.15

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
E : Uranyl phosphates and arsenates
B : UO2:RO4 = 1:1
Dana 8th ed.:
40.2a.9.1

40 : HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
2a : AB2(XO4)2·xH2O, containing (UO2)2+
Hey's CIM Ref.:
20.7.3

20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
7 : Arsenates of U

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference for Standard
AbnIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of AbernathyiteHide

Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy, Greasy
Transparency:
Transparent
Comment:
weakly vitreous, also less reflective
Colour:
Yellow
Streak:
Pale yellow
Hardness:
2½ - 3 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on {001}
Density:
3.32 g/cm3 (Measured)    3.572 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of AbernathyiteHide

Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.597 - 1.608 nε = 1.57
2V:
Measured: 5°
Birefringence:
0.03
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.027 - 0.038
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.

Surface Relief:
Moderate (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).

This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized uniaxial interference figure - the conoscopic (convergent-light, Bertrand-lens-in) view, for a grain cut with the optic axis centred and vertical. The coloured rings are isochromatics, computed with the same physics as the Michel-Lévy bar above; the dark cross is the isogyre.

For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
Optical Extinction:
Parallel
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
O = yellow, E = pale yellow

Chemistry of AbernathyiteHide

Mindat Formula:
K(UO2)(AsO4) · 3H2O
Element Weights:
Element% weight
U47.408 %
O28.679 %
As14.922 %
K7.787 %
H1.205 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.
U
O
As
K
H
Elements listed:
As, H, K, O, U - search for minerals with similar chemistry
Common Impurities:
P

Crystallography of AbernathyiteHide

Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) - Ditetragonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
P4/ncc
Setting:
P4/ncc
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.176(8) Å, c = 18.126(10) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 2.526
Unit Cell V:
933.40 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0000132AbernathyiteRoss M, Evans H T (1964) Studies of the torbernite minerals (I): The crystal structure of abernathyite and the structurally related compounds NH4(UO2AsO4).3H2O and K(H3O)(UO2AsO4)2.6H2O American Mineralogist 49 1578-16021964synthetic0293
0000131AbernathyiteRoss M, Evans H T (1964) Studies of the torbernite minerals (I): The crystal structure of abernathyite and the structurally related compounds NH4(UO2AsO4).3H2O and K(H3O)(UO2AsO4)2.6H2O Sample : Abernathyite - NH4 American Mineralogist 49 1578-16021964synthetic0293
0000130AbernathyiteRoss M, Evans H T (1964) Studies of the torbernite minerals (I): The crystal structure of abernathyite and the structurally related compounds NH4(UO2AsO4).3H2O and K(H3O)(UO2AsO4)2.6H2O American Mineralogist 49 1578-16021964Fuemrol No. 2 mine, Temple Mountain, Emery County, Utah, USA0293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
9.14 Å(100 broad)
5.63 Å(70)
3.84 Å(80 broad)
3.59 Å(70)
3.34 Å(80)
2.79 Å(60 broad)
2.28 Å(60)
Locality:
Fumerole No. 2 Mine, Temple Mountain Mining District, Emery County, Utah, USA
Reference:
Thomspon, M. E., Ingram, Blanche, Gross, E. B. (1956) Abernathyite, a new uranium mineral of the metatorbernite group. American Mineralogist, 41 (1-2) 82-90

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event<2.4
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals]
47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates]
47f : [Uranyl (U⁶⁺) minerals]
Geological Setting:
Oxidation zone of U deposits.

Type Occurrence of AbernathyiteHide

Type Locality:
ⓘ Fumerole No. 2 Mine, Temple Mountain Mining District, Emery County, Utah, USA
General Appearance of Type Material:
Fine-grained pale yellow flaky mineral
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
Chemical Analysis of Type Material:
K2O9.5 %
UO357.7 %
As2O521.6 %
P2O51.5 %
H2O+9.9 %
H2O-4.6 %
Total:104.8 %
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Colorado Plateau uranium-vanadium deposit
Reference:
Thomspon, M. E., Ingram, Blanche, Gross, E. B. (1956) Abernathyite, a new uranium mineral of the metatorbernite group. American Mineralogist, 41 (1-2) 82-90

Other Language Names for AbernathyiteHide

Relationship of Abernathyite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Meta-autunite Group
Other Members of Meta-autunite Group:
ArsenosabugaliteH0.5Al0.5(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
Chernikovite(H3O)2(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm
LehneriteMn2+(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m
Meta-ankoleiteK2(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm
Meta-autuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m)
MetaheinrichiteBa(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OMon. 2 : P21
MetakahleriteFe2+(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
MetakirchheimeriteCo(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
MetalodèviteZn(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2OTet. 4/m : P42/m
MetanatroautuniteNa(UO2)(PO4)(H2O)3Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/ncc
MetanováčekiteMg(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTet. 4/m : P4/n
MetarauchiteNi(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
MetasaléeiteMg(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2O
MetatorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2OTet. 4/m : P4/n
MetauranocirciteBa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 7H2OMon. 2 : P21
MetauranospiniteCa(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTet. 4/m : P42/n
MetazeuneriteCu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTet. 4/m : P42/n
NatrouranospiniteNa2(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 5H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm
Trögerite(H3O)(UO2)(AsO4) · 3H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm
Uramarsite(NH4)(UO2)(AsO4) · 3H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/mmm
Uramphite(NH4)2(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:
13 photos of Abernathyite associated with HeinrichiteBa(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2O
1 photo of Abernathyite associated with MetalodèviteZn(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2O
1 photo of Abernathyite associated with UranophaneCa(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O
1 photo of Abernathyite associated with NováčekiteMg(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2O

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

8.EB.Meta-autunite GroupA1-2(UO2)2(TO4)2 · 5-10H2O
8.EB.05RauchiteNi(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.EB.05UranocirciteBa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10H2OTet.
8.EB.05UranospiniteCa(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm
8.EB.05ZeuneriteCu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4/mmm
8.EB.05MetarauchiteNi(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.EB.05HeinrichiteBa(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.EB.05KahleriteFe2+(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2OTet. 4/m : P42/n
8.EB.05HydronováčekiteMg(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.EB.05TorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4/mmm
8.EB.05NováčekiteMg(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2OMon. 2/m
8.EB.05AutuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
8.EB.05SaléeiteMg(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10H2OMon. 2/m
8.EB.05Xiangjiangite(Fe3+,Al)(UO2)4(PO4)2(SO4)2(OH) · 22H2OTet.
8.EB.10BassetiteFe2+(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10H2OMon. 2/m
8.EB.10LehneriteMn2+(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m
8.EB.10Meta-autuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m)
8.EB.10MetasaléeiteMg(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2O
8.EB.10MetauranocirciteBa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 7H2OMon. 2 : P21
8.EB.10MetauranospiniteCa(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTet. 4/m : P42/n
8.EB.10MetaheinrichiteBa(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OMon. 2 : P21
8.EB.10MetakahleriteFe2+(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.EB.10MetakirchheimeriteCo(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.EB.10MetanováčekiteMg(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTet. 4/m : P4/n
8.EB.10MetanatroautuniteNa(UO2)(PO4)(H2O)3Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/ncc
8.EB.10MetatorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2OTet. 4/m : P4/n
8.EB.10MetazeuneriteCu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTet. 4/m : P42/n
8.EB.10PrzhevalskitePb2(UO2)3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 3H2OTet.
8.EB.10'Pseudo-autunite'(H3O)4Ca2(UO2)2(PO4)4 · 5H2OOrth.
8.EB.15Uramphite(NH4)2(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm
8.EB.15Meta-ankoleiteK2(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm
8.EB.15NatrouranospiniteNa2(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 5H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm
8.EB.15Trögerite(H3O)(UO2)(AsO4) · 3H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm
8.EB.15Chernikovite(H3O)2(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm
8.EB.15Uramarsite(NH4)(UO2)(AsO4) · 3H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/mmm
8.EB.20ChistyakovaiteAl(UO2)2(AsO4)2(F,OH) · 6.5H2OMon.
8.EB.20ThreadgolditeAl(UO2)2(PO4)2(OH) · 8H2OMon.
8.EB.25Uranospathite(Al,◻)(UO2)2(PO4)2F · 20(H2O,F)Orth. mm2 : Pnn2
8.EB.25ArsenuranospathiteAl(UO2)2(AsO4)2F · 20H2OOrth. mm2 : Pnn2
8.EB.30Vochtenite(Fe2+,Mg)Fe3+(UO2)4(PO4)4(OH) · 12-13H2OMon.
8.EB.35CoconinoiteFe3+2Al2(UO2)2(PO4)4(SO4)(OH)2 · 20H2OMon.
8.EB.40RanunculiteHAl(UO2)(PO4)(OH)3 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
8.EB.45TrianguliteAl3(UO2)4(PO4)4(OH)5 · 5H2OTric.
8.EB.50FurongiteAl13(UO2)7(PO4)13(OH)14 · 58H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.EB.55ArsenosabugaliteH0.5Al0.5(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.EB.55SabugaliteHAl(UO2)4(PO4)4 · 16H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
8.EB.60Horákite(Bi7O7OH)[(UO2)4(PO4)2(AsO4)2(OH)2] · 3.5H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b

RadioactivityHide

Radioactivity:
Element % Content Activity (Bq/kg) Radiation Type
Uranium (U) 47.4075% 11,851,875 α, β, γ
Thorium (Th) 0.0000% 0 α, β, γ
Potassium (K) 7.7871% 2,414 β, γ

For comparison:

  • Banana: ~15 Bq per fruit
  • Granite: 1,000–3,000 Bq/kg
  • EU exemption limit: 10,000 Bq/kg

Note: Risk is shown relative to daily recommended maximum exposure to non-background radiation of 1000 µSv/year. Note that natural background radiation averages around 2400 µSv/year so in reality these risks are probably extremely overstated! With infrequent handling and safe storage natural radioactive minerals do not usually pose much risk.

Interactive Simulator:

Note: The mass selector refers to the mass of radioactive mineral present, not the full specimen, also be aware that the matrix may also be radioactive, possibly more radioactive than this mineral!

Activity: –

DistanceDose rateRisk
1 cm
10 cm
1 m

The external dose rate (D) from a radioactive mineral is estimated by summing the gamma radiation contributions from its Uranium, Thorium, and Potassium content, disregarding daughter-product which may have a significant effect in some cases (eg 'pitchblende'). This involves multiplying the activity (A, in Bq) of each element by its specific gamma ray constant (Γ), which accounts for its unique gamma emissions. The total unshielded dose at 1 cm is then scaled by the square of the distance (r, in cm) and multiplied by a shielding factor (μshield). This calculation provides a 'worst-case' or 'maximum risk' estimate because it assumes the sample is a point source and entirely neglects any self-shielding where radiation is absorbed within the mineral itself, meaning actual doses will typically be lower. The resulting dose rate (D) is expressed in microsieverts per hour (μSv/h).

D = ((AU × ΓU) + (ATh × ΓTh) + (AK × ΓK)) / r2 × μshield

Fluorescence of AbernathyiteHide

In UV light:
Yellow-green under LW and SW.

Other InformationHide

Notes:
radioactive
Health Risks:
Contains uranium - always wash hands after handling. Avoid inhaling dust when handling or breaking. Never lick or ingest. Avoid prolonged exposure in proximity of the body. Store away from inhabited areas.

Internet Links for AbernathyiteHide

References for AbernathyiteHide

Localities for AbernathyiteHide

Showing 22 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
Hide all sections | Show all sections

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
France
 
  • Occitanie
    • Hérault
      • Lodève
        • Le Bosc
- (1998)
Germany
 
  • Baden-Württemberg
    • Freiburg Region
      • Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald
        • Sulzburg
Walenta (1996)
      • Rottweil
        • Schenkenzell
          • Wittichen
            • Böckelsbach valley
Jambor et al. (1999)
  • Bavaria
    • Lower Franconia
      • Aschaffenburg District
        • Haibach
          • Dörrmorsbach
Wittern (2001)
        • Sailauf
          • Hartkoppe
Anthony et al. (2000)
  • Saxony
    • Erzgebirgskreis
      • Breitenbrunn
 ...
      • Marienberg
        • Lauta
Hajek (2010)
Hungary
 
  • Baranya County
    • Pécs District
      • Kővágótöttös
Zsombor Eva
Poland
 
  • Lower Silesian Voivodeship
    • Karkonosze County
      • Gmina Stara Kamienica
        • Kopaniec
Mochnacka K. 1975: Mineralizacja skał ... +1 other reference
South Africa
 
  • Western Cape
    • Central Karoo District Municipality
      • Beaufort West Local Municipality
Cairncross et al. (1995)
USA
 
  • Arizona
    • Coconino County
      • Tuba City
Anthony et al. (2000)
  • Colorado
    • Saguache County
Anthony et al. (2000)
    • San Juan County
      • Elk Park
Eckel et al. (1997)
  • Idaho
    • Custer County
      • Stanley Basin Mining District
USGS Scientific Investigations Report ...
  • Oregon
    • Lake County
      • Lakeview
Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology NBMG ...
  • South Dakota
    • Harding County
Anthony et al. (2000)
      • North Cave Hills
        • Flat Top Group
Roberts et al. (1965)
Anthony et al. (2000)
Roberts et al. (1965)
  • Utah
    • Emery County
DANA R. KELLEY AND PAUL F. KERR (1958)
Thomspon et al. (1956)
    • Grand County
      • Lower Kane Creek Mining District
Kim Gorall
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To cite: Ralph, J., Von Bargen, D., Martynov, P., Zhang, J., Que, X., Prabhu, A., Morrison, S. M., Li, W., Chen, W., & Ma, X. (2025). Mindat.org: The open access mineralogy database to accelerate data-intensive geoscience research. American Mineralogist, 110(6), 833–844. doi:10.2138/am-2024-9486.
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