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Chernikovite

A valid IMA mineral species
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05770390017360473757275.jpg
Chernikovite

Bric Colmè, I Cardin, San Giacomo, Roburent, Cuneo Province, Piedmont, Italy
02552060017360473763873.jpg
Chernikovite

Bric Colmè, I Cardin, San Giacomo, Roburent, Cuneo Province, Piedmont, Italy
02757720017360473778259.jpg
Chernikovite

Bric Colmè, I Cardin, San Giacomo, Roburent, Cuneo Province, Piedmont, Italy
01157270017271922109773.jpg
Chernikovite

Bric Colmè, I Cardin, San Giacomo, Roburent, Cuneo Province, Piedmont, Italy
03217140017271922132471.jpg
Chernikovite

Bric Colmè, I Cardin, San Giacomo, Roburent, Cuneo Province, Piedmont, Italy
07705250017272007622387.jpg
Chernikovite

Bric Colmè, I Cardin, San Giacomo, Roburent, Cuneo Province, Piedmont, Italy
01157270017271922109773.jpg
Chernikovite

Bric Colmè, I Cardin, San Giacomo, Roburent, Cuneo Province, Piedmont, Italy
03217140017271922132471.jpg
Chernikovite

Bric Colmè, I Cardin, San Giacomo, Roburent, Cuneo Province, Piedmont, Italy
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About ChernikoviteHide

01732390017271922185850.jpg
Andrei A. Chernikov
Formula:
(H3O)2(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O
Colour:
pale yellow
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
2 - 2½
Specific Gravity:
3.259
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Name:
Synthethic material was known first, and referred to as 'hydrogen autunite'. Chernikov reported natural material in 1958, using the same name, but it was never approved by the IMA. The mineral was renamed in 1998 by Daniel Atencio in honor of Andrei Andreevich Chernikov (Андрей Андреевич Черников) (b. 1927), mineralogist and geochemist at the Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Russia and an expert on uranium mineralization.
Meta-autunite Group. The most simple valid uranyl phosphate mineral. Compare 'UM1963-03-PO:HU'.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
991
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:991:9

Classification of ChernikoviteHide

00572780017683530272384.jpg
The autunite-type sheet

The autunite-type sheet found in members of the meta-autunite group and shared with members of the autunite group.

IMA Classification of ChernikoviteHide

IMA status:
Approved
IMA Formula:
(H3O)(U6+O2)(PO4)·3H2O
Type description reference:
Atencio, Daniel (1988) Chernikovite, a New Mineral Name for (H3O)2(UO2)2(PO4)2·6H2O superseding "hydrogen autunite". The Mineralogical Record, 19 (4) Tucson. 249-252
Strunz-mindat (2026):
8.EB.15

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
E : Uranyl phosphates and arsenates
B : UO2:RO4 = 1:1
Dana 8th ed.:
40.2a.19.1

40 : HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
2a : AB2(XO4)2·xH2O, containing (UO2)2+
Hey's CIM Ref.:
19.11.4

19 : Phosphates
11 : Phosphates of U

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference for Standard
CkvIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Pronunciation of ChernikoviteHide

Pronunciation:
PlayRecorded byCountry
Jolyon RalphUnited Kingdom

Physical Properties of ChernikoviteHide

Lustre:
Vitreous
Colour:
Pale yellow
Streak:
Yellowish white
Hardness:
2 - 2½ on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Perfect
{001}
Density:
3.259 g/cm3 (Measured)    3.261(3) g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of ChernikoviteHide

Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.579 nε = 1.568
2V:
Measured: 5° to 10°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.011
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.

Surface Relief:
Moderate (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).

This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized uniaxial interference figure - the conoscopic (convergent-light, Bertrand-lens-in) view, for a grain cut with the optic axis centred and vertical. The coloured rings are isochromatics, computed with the same physics as the Michel-Lévy bar above; the dark cross is the isogyre.

For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
Slight to none
Comments:
MAy be anomalously biaxial

Chemistry of ChernikoviteHide

Mindat Formula:
(H3O)2(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O
Element Weights:
Element% weight
U54.336 %
O36.523 %
P7.071 %
H2.071 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.
U
O
P
H
Elements listed:
H, O, P, U - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of ChernikoviteHide

Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) - Ditetragonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
P4/nmm
Setting:
P4/nmm
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.03 Å, c = 9.03 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 1.284
Unit Cell V:
446.27 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
1

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0019269ChernikoviteMorosin B (1978) Hydrogen uranyl phosphate tetrahydrate, a hydrogen ion solid electrolyte Acta Crystallographica B34 3732-37341978synthetic0293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
4.99 Å(100)
3.54 Å(100)
3.26 Å(100)
5.51 Å(90)
3.82 Å(80)
2.16 Å(70)
2.09 Å(70)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event<2.4
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals]
47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates]
47f : [Uranyl (U⁶⁺) minerals]

Type Occurrence of ChernikoviteHide

Type Locality:
ⓘ Karakat U Deposit, Adrasmon (Adrasman), Ghafurov District, Sughd, Tajikistan
General Appearance of Type Material:
thin platy crystals
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
A.E. Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia,
88655.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
fissures in quartz syenite and around fossil wood
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
AutuniteMeta-autuniteMetanatroautunite
Reference:
Atencio, Daniel (1988) Chernikovite, a New Mineral Name for (H3O)2(UO2)2(PO4)2·6H2O superseding "hydrogen autunite". The Mineralogical Record, 19 (4) Tucson. 249-252

Synonyms of ChernikoviteHide

Other Language Names for ChernikoviteHide

Relationship of Chernikovite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Meta-autunite Group
Other Members of Meta-autunite Group:
AbernathyiteK(UO2)(AsO4) · 3H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/ncc
ArsenosabugaliteH0.5Al0.5(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
LehneriteMn2+(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m
Meta-ankoleiteK2(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm
Meta-autuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m)
MetaheinrichiteBa(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OMon. 2 : P21
MetakahleriteFe2+(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
MetakirchheimeriteCo(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
MetalodèviteZn(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2OTet. 4/m : P42/m
MetanatroautuniteNa(UO2)(PO4)(H2O)3Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/ncc
MetanováčekiteMg(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTet. 4/m : P4/n
MetarauchiteNi(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
MetasaléeiteMg(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2O
MetatorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2OTet. 4/m : P4/n
MetauranocirciteBa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 7H2OMon. 2 : P21
MetauranospiniteCa(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTet. 4/m : P42/n
MetazeuneriteCu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTet. 4/m : P42/n
NatrouranospiniteNa2(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 5H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm
Trögerite(H3O)(UO2)(AsO4) · 3H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm
Uramarsite(NH4)(UO2)(AsO4) · 3H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/mmm
Uramphite(NH4)2(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:
6 photos of Chernikovite associated with Meta-autuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O
4 photos of Chernikovite associated with AutuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2O
2 photos of Chernikovite associated with MetatorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2O
2 photos of Chernikovite associated with GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
1 photo of Chernikovite associated with 'Limonite'
1 photo of Chernikovite associated with QuartzSiO2

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

8.EB.Meta-autunite GroupA1-2(UO2)2(TO4)2 · 5-10H2O
8.EB.05RauchiteNi(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.EB.05UranocirciteBa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10H2OTet.
8.EB.05UranospiniteCa(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm
8.EB.05ZeuneriteCu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4/mmm
8.EB.05MetarauchiteNi(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.EB.05HeinrichiteBa(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
8.EB.05KahleriteFe2+(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2OTet. 4/m : P42/n
8.EB.05HydronováčekiteMg(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 12H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.EB.05TorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4/mmm
8.EB.05NováčekiteMg(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 10H2OMon. 2/m
8.EB.05AutuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10-12H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
8.EB.05SaléeiteMg(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10H2OMon. 2/m
8.EB.05Xiangjiangite(Fe3+,Al)(UO2)4(PO4)2(SO4)2(OH) · 22H2OTet.
8.EB.10BassetiteFe2+(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 10H2OMon. 2/m
8.EB.10LehneriteMn2+(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2OMon. 2/m
8.EB.10Meta-autuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m)
8.EB.10MetasaléeiteMg(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2O
8.EB.10MetauranocirciteBa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 7H2OMon. 2 : P21
8.EB.10MetauranospiniteCa(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTet. 4/m : P42/n
8.EB.10MetaheinrichiteBa(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OMon. 2 : P21
8.EB.10MetakahleriteFe2+(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.EB.10MetakirchheimeriteCo(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.EB.10MetanováčekiteMg(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTet. 4/m : P4/n
8.EB.10MetanatroautuniteNa(UO2)(PO4)(H2O)3Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/ncc
8.EB.10MetatorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 8H2OTet. 4/m : P4/n
8.EB.10MetazeuneriteCu(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTet. 4/m : P42/n
8.EB.10PrzhevalskitePb2(UO2)3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 3H2OTet.
8.EB.10'Pseudo-autunite'(H3O)4Ca2(UO2)2(PO4)4 · 5H2OOrth.
8.EB.15AbernathyiteK(UO2)(AsO4) · 3H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/ncc
8.EB.15Uramphite(NH4)2(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm
8.EB.15Meta-ankoleiteK2(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm
8.EB.15NatrouranospiniteNa2(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 5H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm
8.EB.15Trögerite(H3O)(UO2)(AsO4) · 3H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm
8.EB.15Uramarsite(NH4)(UO2)(AsO4) · 3H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/mmm
8.EB.20ChistyakovaiteAl(UO2)2(AsO4)2(F,OH) · 6.5H2OMon.
8.EB.20ThreadgolditeAl(UO2)2(PO4)2(OH) · 8H2OMon.
8.EB.25Uranospathite(Al,◻)(UO2)2(PO4)2F · 20(H2O,F)Orth. mm2 : Pnn2
8.EB.25ArsenuranospathiteAl(UO2)2(AsO4)2F · 20H2OOrth. mm2 : Pnn2
8.EB.30Vochtenite(Fe2+,Mg)Fe3+(UO2)4(PO4)4(OH) · 12-13H2OMon.
8.EB.35CoconinoiteFe3+2Al2(UO2)2(PO4)4(SO4)(OH)2 · 20H2OMon.
8.EB.40RanunculiteHAl(UO2)(PO4)(OH)3 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
8.EB.45TrianguliteAl3(UO2)4(PO4)4(OH)5 · 5H2OTric.
8.EB.50FurongiteAl13(UO2)7(PO4)13(OH)14 · 58H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.EB.55ArsenosabugaliteH0.5Al0.5(UO2)2(AsO4)2 · 8H2OTric. 1 : P1
8.EB.55SabugaliteHAl(UO2)4(PO4)4 · 16H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
8.EB.60Horákite(Bi7O7OH)[(UO2)4(PO4)2(AsO4)2(OH)2] · 3.5H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b

RadioactivityHide

Radioactivity:
Element % Content Activity (Bq/kg) Radiation Type
Uranium (U) 54.3360% 13,584,000 α, β, γ
Thorium (Th) 0.0000% 0 α, β, γ
Potassium (K) 0.0000% 0 β, γ

For comparison:

  • Banana: ~15 Bq per fruit
  • Granite: 1,000–3,000 Bq/kg
  • EU exemption limit: 10,000 Bq/kg

Note: Risk is shown relative to daily recommended maximum exposure to non-background radiation of 1000 µSv/year. Note that natural background radiation averages around 2400 µSv/year so in reality these risks are probably extremely overstated! With infrequent handling and safe storage natural radioactive minerals do not usually pose much risk.

Interactive Simulator:

Note: The mass selector refers to the mass of radioactive mineral present, not the full specimen, also be aware that the matrix may also be radioactive, possibly more radioactive than this mineral!

Activity: –

DistanceDose rateRisk
1 cm
10 cm
1 m

The external dose rate (D) from a radioactive mineral is estimated by summing the gamma radiation contributions from its Uranium, Thorium, and Potassium content, disregarding daughter-product which may have a significant effect in some cases (eg 'pitchblende'). This involves multiplying the activity (A, in Bq) of each element by its specific gamma ray constant (Γ), which accounts for its unique gamma emissions. The total unshielded dose at 1 cm is then scaled by the square of the distance (r, in cm) and multiplied by a shielding factor (μshield). This calculation provides a 'worst-case' or 'maximum risk' estimate because it assumes the sample is a point source and entirely neglects any self-shielding where radiation is absorbed within the mineral itself, meaning actual doses will typically be lower. The resulting dose rate (D) is expressed in microsieverts per hour (μSv/h).

D = ((AU × ΓU) + (ATh × ΓTh) + (AK × ΓK)) / r2 × μshield

Fluorescence of ChernikoviteHide

In UV light:
intense yellow green

Other InformationHide

Notes:
Radioactive
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for ChernikoviteHide

References for ChernikoviteHide

Localities for ChernikoviteHide

Showing 25 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
Hide all sections | Show all sections

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Belgium
 
  • Wallonia
    • Luxembourg
Dejonghe et al. (1982) +1 other reference
Brazil
 
  • São Paulo
    • São Paulo
D Atencio & R Hypolito () +1 other reference
Fosfatos e Silicatos Secundários de ...
Czech Republic
 
  • Karlovy Vary Region
    • Cheb District
      • Lázně Kynžvart
Pauliš P. et al. (Kutna Hora, issue 1)
France
 
  • Brittany
    • Morbihan
      • Pontivy
        • Guern
- (1998)
Gabon
 
  • Haut-Ogooué Province
    • Léboumbi-Leyou Department
Jensen et al. (2002)
Germany
 
  • Bavaria
    • Upper Palatinate
      • Neustadt an der Waldnaab District
        • Waidhaus
          • Hagendorf
Dill et al. (2013)
Schnorrer-Köhler et al. (1989)
      • Tirschenreuth District
        • Mähring
          • Poppenreuth bei Tirschenreuth
            • Uranium deposit
Weiß (1990)
Weiß (1990)
  • Saxony
    • Erzgebirgskreis
      • Schwarzenberg
Witzke (1995)
  • Thuringia
    • Greiz District
      • Kauern
Witzke et al. (1998)
Italy
 
  • Piedmont
    • Cuneo Province
      • Roburent
        • San Giacomo
          • I Cardin
Piccoli et al. (2007)
Namibia
 
  • Erongo Region
    • Karibib Constituency
Joan Rosell
Poland
 
  • Lower Silesian Voivodeship
    • Karkonosze County
      • Gmina Stara Kamienica
        • Kopaniec
Mochnacka et al. (2015)
      • Kowary
Mochnacka et al. (2012) +1 other reference
Portugal
 
  • Viseu
    • Mangualde
      • Tavares (Chãs; Várzea e Travanca)
        • Tragos
Russia
 
  • Buryatia
    • Baunt District
      • Vitim Plateau
        • Khiagda ore field
Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Sweden
 
  • Halland County
    • Kungsbacka
      • Onsala
Löfvendahl (1981)
Tajikistan (TL)
 
  • Sughd
    • Ghafurov District
      • Adrasmon (Adrasman)
Pekov (1998)
USA
 
  • New Mexico
    • Cibola County
      • Laguna subdistrict
Northrop et al. (1996)
Northrop et al. (1996)
Caldwell (2018)
Northrop et al. (1996)
  • New York
    • Fulton County
      • Mayfield
Lupulescu et al. (2013)
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