Abenakiite-(Ce)
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Abenakiite-(Ce)
Formula:
Na26Ce6(Si6O18)(PO4)6(CO3)6(SO2)O
Colour:
Pale brown
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
4 - 5
Specific Gravity:
3.21
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Name:
Named after the Abenaki, the indigenous people who inhabited the area around Mont Saint-Hilaire in southern Québec and the North-Eastern USA, prior to the arrival of European settlers. The suffix/modifier indicates that the predominant essential REE is cerium.
Unique chemistry (the only Na-REE-Si-P-C mineral). Chemistry comparable to that of steenstrupine-(Ce).
Currently the only mineral with a supposed sulphur dioxide inclusion. Originally a single grain was found, making the mineral exceedingly rare.
Hexagonal net of the structure contains (1) chains of NaO7 polyhedra connected with phosphate groups, (2) six-membered ring of SiO4, NaO7 and NaO7-(REE)O8 polyhedra, forming columns, (3) carbonate and SO2 groups, and NaO6 octahedra, within the columns. In terms of the linkage of six-member silicate ring and NaO6 octahedron, abenakiite-(Ce) may be compared to kazakovite and steenstrupine-(Ce) (McDonald et al., 1994).
Infrared data for an S-deficient and H2O-bearing variety or a related species from the Sirenevaya pegmatite is given by Chukanov (2014). The mineral occurs as a yellow-grey grain in ussingite, and its empirical formula is reported as (Na5.55K0.17Ca0.04)(Ce3.34La1.71Nd1.20Pr0.46Th0.12)(Si5.97P6.86S0.17)Ox(CO3)y.nH2O. This formula doesn't seem to correspond to abenakiite-(Ce) and no XRD data is given to confirm its identity with abenakiite-(Ce). The main IR bands obtained for this material are [cm-1]: 3390, 1580sh, 1520, 1140sh, 1070s, 902, 860sh, 615, and 448.
Currently the only mineral with a supposed sulphur dioxide inclusion. Originally a single grain was found, making the mineral exceedingly rare.
Hexagonal net of the structure contains (1) chains of NaO7 polyhedra connected with phosphate groups, (2) six-membered ring of SiO4, NaO7 and NaO7-(REE)O8 polyhedra, forming columns, (3) carbonate and SO2 groups, and NaO6 octahedra, within the columns. In terms of the linkage of six-member silicate ring and NaO6 octahedron, abenakiite-(Ce) may be compared to kazakovite and steenstrupine-(Ce) (McDonald et al., 1994).
Infrared data for an S-deficient and H2O-bearing variety or a related species from the Sirenevaya pegmatite is given by Chukanov (2014). The mineral occurs as a yellow-grey grain in ussingite, and its empirical formula is reported as (Na5.55K0.17Ca0.04)(Ce3.34La1.71Nd1.20Pr0.46Th0.12)(Si5.97P6.86S0.17)Ox(CO3)y.nH2O. This formula doesn't seem to correspond to abenakiite-(Ce) and no XRD data is given to confirm its identity with abenakiite-(Ce). The main IR bands obtained for this material are [cm-1]: 3390, 1580sh, 1520, 1140sh, 1070s, 902, 860sh, 615, and 448.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2:4
IMA Classification of Abenakiite-(Ce)
Approved
IMA Formula:
Na26Ce3+6(SiO3)6(PO4)6(CO3)6(S4+O2)O
Approval year:
1991
First published:
1994
Classification of Abenakiite-(Ce)
9.CK.10
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
C : Cyclosilicates
K : [Si6O18]12- 6-membered single rings, with insular complex anions
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
C : Cyclosilicates
K : [Si6O18]12- 6-membered single rings, with insular complex anions
Dana 7th ed.:
61.4.1.1
61.4.1.1
61 : CYCLOSILICATES Six-Membered Rings
4 : Six-Membered Rings with other anions
61 : CYCLOSILICATES Six-Membered Rings
4 : Six-Membered Rings with other anions
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Abk-Ce | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Abenakiite-(Ce)
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Pale brown
Streak:
White
Hardness:
4 - 5 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Poor/Indistinct
{0001}
{0001}
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
3.21 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.27 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Abenakiite-(Ce)
Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.589(1) nε = 1.586(1)
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.003
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Moderate (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized uniaxial interference figure - the conoscopic
(convergent-light, Bertrand-lens-in) view, for a grain cut with the optic axis
centred and vertical. The coloured rings are isochromatics, computed with the
same physics as the Michel-Lévy bar above; the dark cross is the isogyre.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic
Chemistry of Abenakiite-(Ce)
Mindat Formula:
Na26Ce6(Si6O18)(PO4)6(CO3)6(SO2)O
Element Weights:
Chemical Analysis
Oxide wt%:
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Na2O | 25.04 % | 25.33 % | 25.52 % | 25.37 % | 25.32 % |
| Ce2O3 | 15.50 % | 15.36 % | 15.24 % | 15.15 % | 15.31 % |
| La2O3 | 6.08 % | 5.86 % | 6.11 % | 5.69 % | 5.94 % |
| Nd2O3 | 8.04 % | 8.07 % | 7.59 % | 7.41 % | 7.78 % |
| Pr2O3 | 1.91 % | 2.43 % | 1.95 % | 1.77 % | 2.02 % |
| Sm2O3 | 0.88 % | 0.78 % | 0.59 % | 0.70 % | 0.74 % |
| ThO2 | 1.86 % | 1.27 % | 1.21 % | 1.32 % | 1.42 % |
| SrO | 0.12 % | 0.13 % | 0.09 % | 0.13 % | 0.12 % |
| SiO2 | 13.71 % | 13.35 % | 13.00 % | 13.14 % | 13.30 % |
| P2O5 | 14.60 % | 14.09 % | 13.70 % | 14.05 % | 14.11 % |
| SO2 | 2.34 % | 2.34 % | 2.18 % | 2.28 % | 2.28 % |
| CO2 | 9.10 % | 8.95 % | 8.76 % | 8.82 % | 8.91 % |
| Total: | 99.18 % | 97.96 % | 95.94 % | 95.83 % | 97.25 % |
Empirical formulas:
| Sample ID | Empirical Formula |
|---|---|
| 5 | Na24.23(Ce2.77Nd1.37La1.08Pr0.36Th0.16Sm0.13Sr0.03)Σ5.90Si6.56P5.90C6S1.06O63 |
Sample references:
| ID | Type | Locality | Reference | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Type Specimen | Poudrette quarry, Mont Saint-Hilaire, La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM, Montérégie, Québec, Canada | CO2 calculated from stoichiometry. | |
| 2 | Type Specimen | " " | CO2 calculated from stoichiometry. | |
| 3 | Type Specimen | " " | CO2 calculated from stoichiometry. | |
| 4 | Type Specimen | " " | CO2 calculated from stoichiometry. | |
| 5 | Average of analyses 1-4 | " " | CO2 calculated from stoichiometry. |
Crystallography of Abenakiite-(Ce)
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3 - Rhombohedral
Space Group:
R3
Cell Parameters:
a = 16.018(2) Å, c = 19.761(2) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 1.234
Unit Cell V:
4,390.93 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
3
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0005409 | Abenakiite-(Ce) | McDonald A M, Chao G Y, Grice J D (1994) Abenakiite-(Ce), a new silicophosphate carbonate mineral from Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec: description and structure determination The Canadian Mineralogist 32 843-854 | ![]() | 1994 | Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, Canada | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 11.414 Å | (75) |
| 8.036 Å | (85) |
| 6.554 Å | (85) |
| 4.646 Å | (75) |
| 3.773 Å | (90) |
| 3.591 Å | (80) |
| 3.150 Å | (70) |
| 2.674 Å | (100) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks |
Type Occurrence of Abenakiite-(Ce)
General Appearance of Type Material:
A single grain, 2 x 1 mm in size.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, #81501.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
In a xenolith of sodalite syenite. A late-stage phase, possibly arising from a metasomatic event associated with emplacement of the nepheline syenite.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Abenakiite-(Ce)
Other Language Names for Abenakiite-(Ce)
Czech:Abenakiit-(Ce)
Dutch:Abenakiiet-(Ce)
French:Abenakiite-(Ce)
German:Abenakiit-(Ce)
Italian:Abenakiite-(Ce)
Latvian:Abenakijīts-(Ce)
Norwegian:Abenakiitt-(Ce)
Portuguese:Abenakiíte-(Ce)
Russian:Абенакиит-(Ce)
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.CK. | Adachiite | CaFe3Al6(Si5AlO18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| 9.CK. | Magnesio-dutrowite | Na(Mg2.5Ti0.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
| 9.CK. | Darrellhenryite | Na(Al2Li)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
| 9.CK. | Fluor-schorl | NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
| 9.CK. | Princivalleite | Na(Mn2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
| 9.CK. | Alumino-oxy-rossmanite | ◻Al3Al6(Si5AlO18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
| 9.CK. | Dutrowite | Na(Fe2+2.5Ti0.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
| 9.CK. | Ferro-bosiite | NaFe3+3(Al4Fe2+2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
| 9.CK. | Bosiite | NaFe3+3(Al4Mg2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
| 9.CK. | Celleriite | ◻(Mn2+2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| 9.CK.05 | Feruvite | CaFe2+3(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| 9.CK.05 | Chromium-dravite | NaMg3Cr3+6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| 9.CK.05 | Fluor-rossmanite | ◻(Al2Li)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
| 9.CK.05 | Oxy-schorl | Na(Fe2+2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
| 9.CK.05 | Fluor-elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
| 9.CK.05 | Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| 9.CK.05 | Fluor-uvite | CaMg3(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
| 9.CK.05 | Foitite | ◻(Fe2+2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| 9.CK.05 | Vanadio-oxy-dravite | NaV3(Al4Mg2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
| 9.CK.05 | Fluor-buergerite | NaFe3+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3O3F |
| 9.CK.05 | 'Unnamed (F analogue of feruvite)' | CaFe2+3(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
| 9.CK.05 | Ertlite | NaAl3Al6(Si4B2O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
| 9.CK.05 | Tsilaisite | NaMn2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| 9.CK.05 | Fluor-liddicoatite | Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
| 9.CK.05 | Uvite | CaMg3(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| 9.CK.05 | Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| 9.CK.05 | Fluor-tsilaisite | NaMn2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
| 9.CK.05 | Oxy-foitite | ◻(Fe2+Al2)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
| 9.CK.05 | Liddicoatite | Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| 9.CK.05 | Vanadio-oxy-chromium-dravite | NaV3(Cr4Mg2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
| 9.CK.05 | Rossmanite | ◻(LiAl2)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| 9.CK.05 | Oxy-vanadium-dravite | NaV3(V4Mg2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
| 9.CK.05 | Olenite | NaAl3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3O3(OH) |
| 9.CK.05 | 'UM2000-64-SiO:BFeHKMg' | (K,Na)Fe3+3(Mg2Fe3+4)Si6O18(BO3)3(OH)3O |
| 9.CK.05 | Magnesio-lucchesiite | CaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
| 9.CK.05 | Povondraite | NaFe3+3(Mg2Fe3+4)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
| 9.CK.05 | Lucchesiite | CaFe2+3 Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
| 9.CK.05 | Chromo-alumino-povondraite | NaCr3(Al4Mg2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
| 9.CK.05 | Fluor-dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
| 9.CK.05 | Oxy-dravite | Na(Al2Mg)(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
| 9.CK.05 | Oxy-chromium-dravite | NaCr3(Cr4Mg2)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
| 9.CK.05 | 'Luinaite-(OH)' | NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| 9.CK.05 | Schorl | NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| 9.CK.05 | Magnesio-foitite | ◻(Mg2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| 9.CK.05 | Maruyamaite | K(Al2Mg)(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O |
| 9.CK.15 | Scawtite | Ca7(Si3O9)2CO3 · 2H2O |
| 9.CK.20 | Thorosteenstrupine | (Ca,Th,Mn)3Si4O11F · 6H2O |
| 9.CK.20 | Steenstrupine-(Ce) | Na14Mn2+2Fe3+2Ce6Zr(Si6O18)2(PO4)6(PO3OH)(OH)2 · 2H2O |
Fluorescence of Abenakiite-(Ce)
none
Other Information
Notes:
A very weak effervescence in 1:1 HCl.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Abenakiite-(Ce)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2.html
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References for Abenakiite-(Ce)
Localities for Abenakiite-(Ce)
Showing 2 localities.
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Canada (TL) | |
| McDonald et al. (1994) |
Russia | |
| Chukanov (2014) |
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The
Poudrette quarry, Mont Saint-Hilaire, La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM, Montérégie, Québec, Canada