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Morokweng crater (Morokweng Impact Structure), Vryburg, Naledi Local Municipality, Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati District Municipality, North West, South Africa i
Regional Level Types
Morokweng crater (Morokweng Impact Structure) Impact Crater
Vryburg Town
Naledi Local Municipality Municipality
Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati District Municipality District
North West Province
South Africa Country

Regional Level Types
Morokweng crater (Morokweng Impact Structure)	Impact Crater
Vryburg	Town
Naledi Local Municipality	Municipality
Dr Ruth Segomotsi Mompati District Municipality	District
North West	Province
South Africa	Country

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):

26° 28' South , 23° 30' East

Latitude & Longitude (decimal):

G#: ke29qvbhm

Type:

Age:

145 ± .8 Ma

Geologic Time:

Late Jurassic

Köppen climate type:

BSh : Hot semi-arid (steppe) climate

Mindat Locality ID:

31051

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:2:31051:1

GUID (UUID V4):

Meteorite impact crater, situated north-west of Vryburg.

The crater, discovered in 1994, is buried beneath the Kalahari Desert and is at least about 70 km in diameter. The age is estimated to be 145.0 ± 0.8 million years, placing it at the Jurassic–Cretaceous boundary.

In 2006, a 25 cm-diameter fragment of the original asteroid was discovered at a depth of 770 m below the surface, along with several much smaller pieces a few millimetres across at other depths.

The melt sheet is 870 m thick with a diameter of 30 km.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List

29 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

ⓘ Caliche

ⓘ Gneiss

ⓘ 'Granophyric granite'

ⓘ 'Quartz-norite'

ⓘ Suevite

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ 'Apatite'

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)

References:

Andreoli, M. A., Ashwal, L. D., Hart, R. J., Huizenga, J. M., & Ni, A. (1999). Ni-and PGE-enriched quartz norite impact melt complex in the Late Jurassic Morokweng impact structure, South Africa. Special Papers-Geological Society of America, 91-108.

ⓘ Augite

Formula: (Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆

References:

Andreoli, M. A. G., Hart, R. J., Ashwal, L. D., Tredoux, M. (1997) Ni- and PGE-Enriched Quartz Norite in the Latest Jurassic Morokweng Impact Structure, South Africa. Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution.

ⓘ Baddeleyite

Formula: ZrO₂

References:

ⓘ Bornite

Formula: Cu₅FeS₄

References:

Andreoli, M. A., Maier, W. D., McDonald, I., Barnes, S. J., Roelofse, F., Cloete, M. C., ... & Hart, R. J. (2008). Siderophile minerals in the melt Sheet of the Morokweng impact crater, South Africa: similarities and differences with the Sudbury deposits. In Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution IV (Vol. 1423).

ⓘ Bunsenite

Formula: NiO

References:

ⓘ Chalcocite

Formula: Cu₂S

References:

ⓘ Chalcopyrite

Formula: CuFeS₂

References:

Cloete, M., Hart, R. J., Cloete, H. C. C., McDonald, I., & Andreoli, M. A. G. (2001). Inclusions from the Morokweng Impact Melt Sheet, South Africa: Possible Fragments of a Palaeometeorite. Meteoritics and Planetary Science Supplement, 36, A41.

Beckett-Brown, Christopher Edward, McDonald, Andrew M., Zhe, William (2018) A crystallographically oriented intergrowth of siegenite (CoNi2S4) and millerite from the Morokweng impact structure, South Africa: Chemistry, texture, and origin. The Canadian Mineralogist, 56 (5). 705-722 doi:10.3749/canmin.1800007

ⓘ Chromite

Formula: Fe²⁺Cr³⁺₂O₄

References:

ⓘ Cooperite

Formula: PtS

References:

ⓘ Dolomite

Formula: CaMg(CO₃)₂

References:

Misra, S., Ray, D., & Androli, M. A. G. (2013, August). Carbonate-Rich Impact-Melt from Morokweng Impact Structure, South Africa. In Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution V (Vol. 1737, p. 3063).

ⓘ Enstatite

Formula: Mg₂Si₂O₆

References:

ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'

References:

ⓘ Graphite

Formula: C

References:

ⓘ Hematite

Formula: Fe₂O₃

References:

ⓘ Ilmenite

Formula: Fe²⁺TiO₃

References:

ⓘ Liebenbergite

Formula: Ni₂SiO₄

References:

ⓘ Maghemite

Formula: (Fe³⁺_0.67◻_0.33)Fe³⁺₂O₄

References:

ⓘ Magnetite

Formula: Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄

References:

ⓘ Millerite

Formula: NiS

References:

ⓘ 'Monazite Group'

Formula: REE(PO₄)

References:

ⓘ 'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'

References:

ⓘ Pentlandite

Formula: (Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈

References:

ⓘ 'Plagioclase'

Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈

References:

ⓘ Platinum

Formula: Pt

References:

ⓘ Polydymite

Formula: Ni²⁺Ni³⁺₂S₄

References:

ⓘ Pyrite

Formula: FeS₂

References:

ⓘ 'Pyroxene Group'

Formula: ADSi₂O₆

References:

ⓘ Pyrrhotite

Formula: Fe_1-xS

References:

ⓘ Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

References:

ⓘ Rutile

Formula: TiO₂

References:

ⓘ Saponite

Formula: Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O

References:

ⓘ 'Serpentine Subgroup'

Formula: D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄

References:

ⓘ Siegenite

Formula: CoNi₂S₄

References:

ⓘ Talnakhite ?

Formula: Cu₉(Fe,Ni)₈S₁₆

References:

ⓘ Trevorite

Formula: Ni²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄

References:

ⓘ Willemseite

Formula: Ni₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂

References:

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘ	Platinum	1.AF.10	Pt
ⓘ	Graphite	1.CB.05a	C
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘ	Chalcocite	2.BA.05	Cu₂S
ⓘ	Bornite	2.BA.15	Cu₅FeS₄
ⓘ	Pentlandite	2.BB.15	(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈
ⓘ	Chalcopyrite	2.CB.10a	CuFeS₂
ⓘ	Talnakhite ?	2.CB.10b	Cu₉(Fe,Ni)₈S₁₆
ⓘ	Pyrrhotite	2.CC.10	Fe_1-xS
ⓘ	Millerite	2.CC.20	NiS
ⓘ	Cooperite	2.CC.35b	PtS
ⓘ	Polydymite	2.DA.05	Ni²⁺Ni³⁺₂S₄
ⓘ	Siegenite	2.DA.05	CoNi₂S₄
ⓘ	Pyrite	2.EB.05a	FeS₂
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ	Bunsenite	4.AB.25	NiO
ⓘ	Chromite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Cr³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	Magnetite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	Trevorite	4.BB.05	Ni²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	Maghemite	4.BB.15	(Fe³⁺_0.67◻_0.33)Fe³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	Hematite	4.CB.05	Fe₂O₃
ⓘ	Ilmenite	4.CB.05	Fe²⁺TiO₃
ⓘ	Quartz	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	Rutile	4.DB.05	TiO₂
ⓘ	Baddeleyite	4.DE.35	ZrO₂
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘ	Dolomite	5.AB.10	CaMg(CO₃)₂
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ	Liebenbergite	9.AC.05	Ni₂SiO₄
ⓘ	Enstatite	9.DA.05	Mg₂Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Augite	9.DA.15	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Willemseite	9.EC.05	Ni₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
ⓘ	Saponite	9.EC.45	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Unclassified
ⓘ	'Monazite Group'	-	REE(PO₄)
ⓘ	'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'	-
ⓘ	'Plagioclase'	-	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
ⓘ	'Pyroxene Group'	-	ADSi₂O₆
ⓘ	'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'	-
ⓘ	'Serpentine Subgroup'	-	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄
ⓘ	'Apatite'	-	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Saponite	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Willemseite	Ni₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄
H	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
C	Carbon
C	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
C	ⓘ Graphite	C
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Baddeleyite	ZrO₂
O	ⓘ Bunsenite	NiO
O	ⓘ Chromite	Fe²⁺Cr₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
O	ⓘ Enstatite	Mg₂Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
O	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
O	ⓘ Liebenbergite	Ni₂SiO₄
O	ⓘ Maghemite	(Fe³⁺_0.67◻_0.33)Fe₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Monazite Group	REE(PO₄)
O	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Rutile	TiO₂
O	ⓘ Saponite	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Trevorite	Ni²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Willemseite	Ni₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
O	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
O	ⓘ Pyroxene Group	ADSi₂O₆
O	ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄
O	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
F	Fluorine
F	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
Na	Sodium
Na	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Mg	Magnesium
Mg	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
Mg	ⓘ Enstatite	Mg₂Si₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Saponite	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Mg	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Al	Aluminium
Al	ⓘ Saponite	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Al	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Enstatite	Mg₂Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Liebenbergite	Ni₂SiO₄
Si	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Saponite	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Si	ⓘ Willemseite	Ni₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Si	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Si	ⓘ Pyroxene Group	ADSi₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄
P	Phosphorus
P	ⓘ Monazite Group	REE(PO₄)
P	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
S	Sulfur
S	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
S	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
S	ⓘ Chalcocite	Cu₂S
S	ⓘ Cooperite	PtS
S	ⓘ Millerite	NiS
S	ⓘ Pentlandite	(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈
S	ⓘ Polydymite	Ni²⁺Ni₂³⁺S₄
S	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
S	ⓘ Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS
S	ⓘ Siegenite	CoNi₂S₄
S	ⓘ Talnakhite	Cu₉(Fe,Ni)₈S₁₆
Cl	Chlorine
Cl	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
Ca	Calcium
Ca	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂
Ca	ⓘ Saponite	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Ca	ⓘ Plagioclase	(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi₂]O₈
Ca	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃(Cl/F/OH)
Ti	Titanium
Ti	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
Ti	ⓘ Rutile	TiO₂
Cr	Chromium
Cr	ⓘ Chromite	Fe²⁺Cr₂³⁺O₄
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
Fe	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Chromite	Fe²⁺Cr₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
Fe	ⓘ Ilmenite	Fe²⁺TiO₃
Fe	ⓘ Maghemite	(Fe³⁺_0.67◻_0.33)Fe₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Pentlandite	(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈
Fe	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS
Fe	ⓘ Saponite	Ca_0.25(Mg,Fe)₃((Si,Al)₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Fe	ⓘ Talnakhite	Cu₉(Fe,Ni)₈S₁₆
Fe	ⓘ Trevorite	Ni²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Co	Cobalt
Co	ⓘ Siegenite	CoNi₂S₄
Ni	Nickel
Ni	ⓘ Bunsenite	NiO
Ni	ⓘ Liebenbergite	Ni₂SiO₄
Ni	ⓘ Millerite	NiS
Ni	ⓘ Pentlandite	(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈
Ni	ⓘ Polydymite	Ni²⁺Ni₂³⁺S₄
Ni	ⓘ Siegenite	CoNi₂S₄
Ni	ⓘ Talnakhite	Cu₉(Fe,Ni)₈S₁₆
Ni	ⓘ Trevorite	Ni²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
Ni	ⓘ Willemseite	Ni₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
Cu	Copper
Cu	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
Cu	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Cu	ⓘ Chalcocite	Cu₂S
Cu	ⓘ Talnakhite	Cu₉(Fe,Ni)₈S₁₆
Zr	Zirconium
Zr	ⓘ Baddeleyite	ZrO₂
Pt	Platinum
Pt	ⓘ Cooperite	PtS
Pt	ⓘ Platinum	Pt

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

AfricaContinent

Kalahari DesertDesert

African PlateTectonic Plate

Kalahari basinBasin
Kalahari Craton
- Kaapvaal CratonCraton

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

(2000) Meteoritic Component in Impact Melt Rocks from the Morokweng, South Africa, Impact Structure: an Os Isotopic Study. Lunar and Planetary Science XXXI 1596.

McDonald, I., Andreoli, M.A.G., Hart, R.J., Tredoux, M. (2001) Platinum-group elements in the Morokweng impact structure, South Africa: Evidence for the impact of a large ordinary chondrite projectile at the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 65 (2) 299-309 doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(00)00527-5

en.wikipedia.org (n.d.) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morokweng_crater

Maier, W. D., Andreoli, M. A. G., McDonald, I., Higgins, M. D., Boyce, A. J., Shukolyukov, A., Lugmair, G. W., Ashwal, L. D., Gräser, P., Ripley, E. M., Hart, R. J. (2006) Discovery of a 25-cm asteroid clast in the giant Morokweng impact crater, South Africa. Nature, 441 (7090). 203-206 doi:10.1038/nature04751

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