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Sinongduo deposit, Xaitongmoin Co. (Xietongmen Co.), Xigazê Prefecture (Rikaze Prefecture; Shigatse Prefecture), Tibet, China i
Regional Level Types
Sinongduo deposit Deposit
Xaitongmoin Co. (Xietongmen Co.) County
Xigazê Prefecture (Rikaze Prefecture; Shigatse Prefecture) Prefecture
Tibet Autonomous Region
China Country

Regional Level Types
Sinongduo deposit	Deposit
Xaitongmoin Co. (Xietongmen Co.)	County
Xigazê Prefecture (Rikaze Prefecture; Shigatse Prefecture)	Prefecture
Tibet	Autonomous Region
China	Country

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Predictive Mineralogy

Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):

29° 58' 45'' North , 88° 34' 30'' East

Latitude & Longitude (decimal):

Type:

Köppen climate type:

Dwc : Monsoon-influenced subarctic climate

Mindat Locality ID:

413003

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:2:413003:4

GUID (UUID V4):

Manto-type Pb–Zn–Ag deposit in the carbonate rock and the LVS, and the north Ag–Pb–Zn epithermal deposit in the Dianzhong formation of the LVS IS epithermal deposit.

The Sinongduo deposit, situated in the southern margin of the central Lhasa subterrane about 170 km west of Xigaze, encompasses three distinct orebodies: a hydrothermal vein-type Ag-Pb-Zn, a cryptoexplosive breccia-type Pb-Zn-Ag, and independent silver orebodies. The mineralization mainly occurred between 63.1 and 60.9 Ma based on the sericite Ar-Ar isotopic dating. In this deposit, the ore-bearing wall rocks comprise rhyolite porphyry, crystal tuff, and volcanic breccia, while the intrusive rocks mainly consist of SE-trending granite porphyry and biotite granite porphyry. The exposed area of granite porphyry batholith is about 0.3 square kilometers, and granite porphyry, biotite granite porphyry, and rhyolite porphyry are in close spatial contact.
Three mineralization stages have been identified based on the different minerals and their textural relationships, including the pre-ore stage, main-ore stage, and post-ore stage. The main-ore stage can be subdivided into three substages: galena ore substage, sphalerite ore substage, and silver minerals ore substage. Alterations in the area are dominated by silicification, illitization, chalcedonization, sericitization, and carbonation, leading to the formation of alteration minerals such as illite, sericite, chalcedony, jasper, quartz, calcite, and minor kaolinite, adularia, and montmorillonite. Pb + Zn reserves exceeding 350,000 tons and Ag reserves surpassing 400 tons. The average grades of these ores are approximately 5% for Pb + Zn and 50 g/t for Ag.

The Ag–Pb–Zn deposit in Sinongduo, the first low-sulfide epithermal deposit found in the Gangdese metallogenic belt, is located in the continental volcanic regions of the Tethys Himalayan orogenic belt. It includes cryptoexplosive breccia-type Ag–Pb–Zn ore bodies, hydrothermal vein-type Pb–Zn–Ag ore bodies, and independent Ag ore bodies, which have been logged according to the characteristics of the host rock and the ore-forming elements.

The Ag-Pb-Zn ore bodies predominantly occur as veins and breccia columns. The ore types chiefly consist of hydrothermal breccia Pb-Zn ores, hydrothermal vein Pb-Zn ores, and high-grade Ag ores. Three paragenetic stages have been distinguished: (Ⅰ) the pre-ore stage, primarily characterized by pyrite and quartz; (Ⅱ) the main metallogenic stage, which includes three substages (Fe-Cu-Zn, Pb-Zn, and Ag), producing large amounts of sphalerite, galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and minor Ag minerals; and (Ⅲ) the post-ore stage, marked by calcite and quartz. Widespread intense hydrothermal alteration occurs near the prominent mineralized veins, characterized by quartz, sericite, illite, and calcite assemblages. The Sinongduo deposit is the first epithermal Ag-Pb-Zn deposit discovered in the NGPB, with metal reserves of 148,136 tons (t) of Pb, 205,722 t of Zn, and over 400 t of silver, and average grades of 1.95 % Pb, 2.70 % Zn, and 52.33 g/t Ag, respectively.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.

ⓘ Lead

ⓘ Silver

ⓘ Zinc

Mineral List

22 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

ⓘ 'Hydrothermal breccia'

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Acanthite

Formula: Ag₂S

References:

Yang, Zongyao; Zhao, Xiaoyan; Hu, Guyue; Wang, Ying; Ran, Fengqin; Huang, Yiru; Wu, Xin; Hao, Jinyue; Xiao, Hongtian (2020) Geology, geochronology, and geochemistry of the Sinongduo Ag–Pb–Zn deposit in the Gangdese metallogenic belt: Implications of intermediate sulfidation mineralization in the Linzizong volcanic succession. Ore Geology Reviews, 127. 103796 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2020.103796

Zhang, Peng, Li, Zhuang, Zhao, Feng, Liu, Xinkai (2024) Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications of the Granite Porphyry in the Sinongduo Ag-Pb-Zn Deposit, Central Tibet: Constraints from Geochronology, Geochemistry, and Sr-Nd Isotopes. Minerals, 14 (7) doi:10.3390/min14070710

Li, Zhuang; Lang, Xinghai; Song, Wenlei; Li, Haifeng; Li, Chen; Ma, Xingchun (2025) LA-ICP-MS analysis of sulfides from the Sinongduo Ag-Pb-Zn deposit, Tibet: Insights into element incorporation mechanisms and ore genesis. Ore Geology Reviews, 186. 106858 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106858

ⓘ Ankerite

Formula: Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂

References:

ⓘ 'Apatite'

Formula: Ca₅(PO₄)₃A

References:

ⓘ 'Biotite'

Formula: K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂

References:

ⓘ Calcite

Formula: CaCO₃

References:

ⓘ Chalcopyrite

Formula: CuFeS₂

References:

ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'

References:

ⓘ Enargite

Formula: Cu₃AsS₄

References:

ⓘ Epidote

Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)

References:

ⓘ Galena

Formula: PbS

References:

ⓘ Hematite

Formula: Fe₂O₃

References:

ⓘ Kaolinite

Formula: Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄

References:

Li, Xuerui, Guo, Na, Li, Chunhao, Deng, Siyuan, Zhou, Weirui (2025) Shortwave Infrared Spectroscopy and Geochemical Characteristics of White Mica-Group Minerals in the Sinongduo Low-Sulfide Epithermal Deposit, Tibet, China. Minerals, 15 (2). doi:10.3390/min15020104

ⓘ 'K Feldspar'

References:

ⓘ 'K Feldspar var. Adularia'

Formula: KAlSi₃O₈

References:

ⓘ Magnetite

Formula: Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄

References:

ⓘ Montmorillonite

Formula: (Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O

References:

ⓘ Muscovite

Formula: KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

References:

ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite

Formula: K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂

References:

ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite

Formula: KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

References:

ⓘ Native Silver

Formula: Ag

References:

ⓘ Paragonite

Formula: NaAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

References:

ⓘ Pearceite

Formula: [Ag₆As₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]

References:

ⓘ Pyrargyrite

Formula: Ag₃SbS₃

References:

ⓘ Pyrite

Formula: FeS₂

References:

ⓘ Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

References:

ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony

Formula: SiO₂

References:

ⓘ Siderite

Formula: FeCO₃

References:

ⓘ Sphalerite

Formula: ZnS

References:

ⓘ Titanite

Formula: CaTi(SiO₄)O

References:

ⓘ 'White mica'

References:

ⓘ Zircon

Formula: Zr(SiO₄)

References:

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘ	Native Silver	1.AA.05	Ag
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘ	Acanthite	2.BA.35	Ag₂S
ⓘ	Sphalerite	2.CB.05a	ZnS
ⓘ	Chalcopyrite	2.CB.10a	CuFeS₂
ⓘ	Galena	2.CD.10	PbS
ⓘ	Pyrite	2.EB.05a	FeS₂
ⓘ	Pyrargyrite	2.GA.05	Ag₃SbS₃
ⓘ	Pearceite	2.GB.15	[Ag₆As₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]
ⓘ	Enargite	2.KA.05	Cu₃AsS₄
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ	Magnetite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	Hematite	4.CB.05	Fe₂O₃
ⓘ	Quartz var. Chalcedony	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ		4.DA.05	SiO₂
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘ	Calcite	5.AB.05	CaCO₃
ⓘ	Siderite	5.AB.05	FeCO₃
ⓘ	Ankerite	5.AB.10	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ	Zircon	9.AD.30	Zr(SiO₄)
ⓘ	Titanite	9.AG.15	CaTi(SiO₄)O
ⓘ	Epidote	9.BG.05a	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
ⓘ	Muscovite var. Illite	9.EC.15	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
ⓘ		9.EC.15	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Paragonite	9.EC.15	NaAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Muscovite var. Sericite	9.EC.15	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Montmorillonite	9.EC.40	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
ⓘ	Kaolinite	9.ED.05	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Unclassified
ⓘ	'K Feldspar var. Adularia'	-	KAlSi₃O₈
ⓘ	'Biotite'	-	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
ⓘ	'Chlorite Group'	-
ⓘ	'K Feldspar'	-
ⓘ	'Apatite'	-	Ca₅(PO₄)₃A
ⓘ	'White mica'	-

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
H	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
H	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
H	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
H	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
H	ⓘ Paragonite	NaAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
C	Carbon
C	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
C	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
C	ⓘ Siderite	FeCO₃
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ K Feldspar var. Adularia	KAlSi₃O₈
O	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
O	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
O	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
O	ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
O	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
O	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
O	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
O	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
O	ⓘ Paragonite	NaAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Siderite	FeCO₃
O	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
O	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
O	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃A
F	Fluorine
F	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Na	Sodium
Na	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Na	ⓘ Paragonite	NaAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Mg	Magnesium
Mg	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
Mg	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Mg	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Al	Aluminium
Al	ⓘ K Feldspar var. Adularia	KAlSi₃O₈
Al	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Al	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Al	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Al	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Al	ⓘ Paragonite	NaAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ K Feldspar var. Adularia	KAlSi₃O₈
Si	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Si	ⓘ Quartz var. Chalcedony	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Si	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Kaolinite	Al₂(Si₂O₅)(OH)₄
Si	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Si	ⓘ Paragonite	NaAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
Si	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
Si	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
P	Phosphorus
P	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃A
S	Sulfur
S	ⓘ Acanthite	Ag₂S
S	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
S	ⓘ Enargite	Cu₃AsS₄
S	ⓘ Galena	PbS
S	ⓘ Pearceite	[Ag₆As₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]
S	ⓘ Pyrargyrite	Ag₃SbS₃
S	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
S	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
K	Potassium
K	ⓘ K Feldspar var. Adularia	KAlSi₃O₈
K	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
K	ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite	K_0.65Al_2.0[Al_0.65Si_3.35O₁₀](OH)₂
K	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
K	ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Ca	Calcium
Ca	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
Ca	ⓘ Calcite	CaCO₃
Ca	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Ca	ⓘ Montmorillonite	(Na,Ca)_0.33(Al,Mg)₂(Si₄O₁₀)(OH)₂ · nH₂O
Ca	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
Ca	ⓘ Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃A
Ti	Titanium
Ti	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Ti	ⓘ Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Ankerite	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂
Fe	ⓘ Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂
Fe	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Fe	ⓘ Hematite	Fe₂O₃
Fe	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Siderite	FeCO₃
Cu	Copper
Cu	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Cu	ⓘ Enargite	Cu₃AsS₄
Cu	ⓘ Pearceite	[Ag₆As₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]
Zn	Zinc
Zn	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
As	Arsenic
As	ⓘ Enargite	Cu₃AsS₄
As	ⓘ Pearceite	[Ag₆As₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]
Zr	Zirconium
Zr	ⓘ Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)
Ag	Silver
Ag	ⓘ Acanthite	Ag₂S
Ag	ⓘ Pearceite	[Ag₆As₂S₇][Ag₉CuS₄]
Ag	ⓘ Pyrargyrite	Ag₃SbS₃
Ag	ⓘ Native Silver	Ag
Sb	Antimony
Sb	ⓘ Pyrargyrite	Ag₃SbS₃
Pb	Lead
Pb	ⓘ Galena	PbS

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

AsiaContinent

Hindukush Himalayan RegionGroup of Mountain Ranges

China

Southern Tibet - Tengchong Li Mineral BeltMineral Belt
⭔Southwest ChinaRegion
Tibet
- Bangonghu–Nujiang metallogenic beltMineral Belt
- Gangdese Metallogenic BeltMineral Belt

Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate

Lhasa TerraneVolcanic Arc

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

[1]Zhang, Peng, Li, Zhuang, Zhao, Feng, Liu, Xinkai (2024) Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications of the Granite Porphyry in the Sinongduo Ag-Pb-Zn Deposit, Central Tibet: Constraints from Geochronology, Geochemistry, and Sr-Nd Isotopes. Minerals, 14 (7) doi:10.3390/min14070710

[2]Li, Xuerui, Guo, Na, Li, Chunhao, Deng, Siyuan, Zhou, Weirui (2025) Shortwave Infrared Spectroscopy and Geochemical Characteristics of White Mica-Group Minerals in the Sinongduo Low-Sulfide Epithermal Deposit, Tibet, China. Minerals, 15 (2). doi:10.3390/min15020104

[3]Li, Zhuang; Lang, Xinghai; Song, Wenlei; Li, Haifeng; Li, Chen; Ma, Xingchun (2025) LA-ICP-MS analysis of sulfides from the Sinongduo Ag-Pb-Zn deposit, Tibet: Insights into element incorporation mechanisms and ore genesis. Ore Geology Reviews, 186. 106858 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106858

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