Anjanabonoina pegmatites, Ambohimanambola, Betafo District, Vakinankaratra, Madagascari
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Anjanabonoina pegmatites | Pegmatite Field |
| Ambohimanambola | Commune |
| Betafo District | District |
| Vakinankaratra | Region |
| Madagascar | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
19° 55' 15'' South , 46° 31' 42'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
Köppen climate type:
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
"Anjanabonsana"
Other Languages:
Malagasy:
Anjanabonoina, Kaominin' Ambohimanambola, Distrikan'i Betafo, Vakinankaratra, Madagasikara
The Anjanabonoina pegmatites are famous for their large and multicolored tourmalines. Located 42 km WSW of the town of Betafo in the central highlands of Madagascar.
These pegmatite dikes outcrop at a hill (with an elevation of about 1,400 meters) 2.5 km east of Mount Ikaka and are emplaced in a complex environment characterized by paragneiss, marble, and orthogneiss of the Neoproterozoic Itremo Group, which are of medium metamorphic grade. The subhorizontal bodies of pegmatite are strongly zoned. The metasedimentary rocks hosting the pegmatitic dikes locally show extensive contact-metasomatic phenomena. Abundant tourmalinization extensively affected schist and quartzite units, with schorl-dravite replacing up to 30% of the rock volume. Veins of quartz, dravite-schorl, and danburite are locally present in metasedimentary rocks close to the pegmatites, and marble is transformed into skarn (De Vito et al. 2006).
The Anjanabonoina pegmatite shows the characteristics of both lithium–cesium–tantalum (LCT) and niobium–yttrium–fluorine (NYF) pegmatite families according to pegmatite classification by Simmons; these hybrid pegmatites are very rich in rare elements, which contributes to the crystals’ formation in miarolitic cavities known as pockets. Gem-bearing pockets usually represent the ultimate concentrations of exotic elements, volatiles, and other fluxes present in pegmatites.
- Locality misspelled as "Anjanabonsana" in Lacroix (1909).
- A gem-quality purplish-red tourmaline sample of alleged liddicoatitic composition turned out to be Ca-rich elbaite in composition (Bosi et al., 2021).
These pegmatite dikes outcrop at a hill (with an elevation of about 1,400 meters) 2.5 km east of Mount Ikaka and are emplaced in a complex environment characterized by paragneiss, marble, and orthogneiss of the Neoproterozoic Itremo Group, which are of medium metamorphic grade. The subhorizontal bodies of pegmatite are strongly zoned. The metasedimentary rocks hosting the pegmatitic dikes locally show extensive contact-metasomatic phenomena. Abundant tourmalinization extensively affected schist and quartzite units, with schorl-dravite replacing up to 30% of the rock volume. Veins of quartz, dravite-schorl, and danburite are locally present in metasedimentary rocks close to the pegmatites, and marble is transformed into skarn (De Vito et al. 2006).
The Anjanabonoina pegmatite shows the characteristics of both lithium–cesium–tantalum (LCT) and niobium–yttrium–fluorine (NYF) pegmatite families according to pegmatite classification by Simmons; these hybrid pegmatites are very rich in rare elements, which contributes to the crystals’ formation in miarolitic cavities known as pockets. Gem-bearing pockets usually represent the ultimate concentrations of exotic elements, volatiles, and other fluxes present in pegmatites.
- Locality misspelled as "Anjanabonsana" in Lacroix (1909).
- A gem-quality purplish-red tourmaline sample of alleged liddicoatitic composition turned out to be Ca-rich elbaite in composition (Bosi et al., 2021).
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsCommodity List
This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.Mineral List
Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities32 valid minerals.
Rock Types Recorded
Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities
Select Rock List Type
Alphabetical List Tree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
| ⓘ Albite Formula: Na(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite Formula: Na(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ Annite Formula: KFe2+3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Locality: Sarodivotra, Anjanabonoina pegmatites, Ambohimanambola, Betafo District, Vakinankaratra, Madagascar Colour: Black Description: Occurs in large plates. |
| ⓘ Bertrandite Formula: Be4(Si2O7)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ Beryl Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18) Localities: Habit: crystals flattened on c, often without prism faces Colour: colorless to pink-rose Description: Cesium-rich |
| ⓘ Beryl var. Alkali-beryl Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| ⓘ Beryl var. Morganite Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| ⓘ Bismite Formula: Bi2O3 |
| ⓘ Bismutite Formula: (BiO)2CO3 |
| ⓘ Chrysoberyl Formula: BeAl2O4 |
| ⓘ 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series' |
| ⓘ Danburite Formula: CaB2Si2O8 Localities: Description: altered danburite is observed in the reaction-zone at the contact with the host rock (marble) |
| ⓘ Dolomite Formula: CaMg(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ Dravite Formula: NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) References: |
| ⓘ 'Dravite-Schorl Series' |
| ⓘ Elbaite Formula: Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) Colour: Purplish-red References: Bosi, Ferdinando, Celata, Beatrice, Skogby, Henrik, Hålenius, Ulf, Tempesta, Gioacchino, Ciriotti, Marco E., Bittarello, Erica, Marengo, Alessandra (2021) Mn-bearing purplish-red tourmaline from the Anjanabonoina pegmatite, Madagascar. Mineralogical Magazine, 85 (2) 242-253 doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.20 |
| ⓘ 'Elbaite-Liddicoatite Series' ? Locality: Sarodivotra, Anjanabonoina pegmatites, Ambohimanambola, Betafo District, Vakinankaratra, Madagascar Description: A purple to green thin owergrowth on crystals of schorl-dravite was designated elbaite-liddicoatite series by De Vito et al. (2006). This was before IMAs redefinition of the typematerial of "liddicoatite" as fluor-liddicoatite (F-dominant on the W-site). Liddicoatite is s currently a non-approved species.
|
| ⓘ Fersmite Formula: CaNb2O6 |
| ⓘ Feruvite ? Formula: CaFe2+3(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) Description: No published analysis or other information. Samples visually identical to samples sold as feruvite in mineral shows has showed to be dravite.(K.E.Larsen commment des 2011) |
| ⓘ Fluor-elbaite Formula: Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F References: Ertl, A., Hughes, J. M., Prowatke, S., Ludwig, T., Prasad, P. S.R., Brandstatter, F., Korner, W., Schuster, R., Pertlik, F., Marschall, H. (2006) Tetrahedrally coordinated boron in tourmalines from the liddicoatite-elbaite series from Madagascar: Structure, chemistry, and infrared spectroscopic studies. American Mineralogist, 91 (11) 1847-1856 doi:10.2138/am.2006.2245 [F-dominant] |
| ⓘ Fluor-liddicoatite Formula: Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F References: Ertl, A., Hughes, J. M., Prowatke, S., Ludwig, T., Prasad, P. S.R., Brandstatter, F., Korner, W., Schuster, R., Pertlik, F., Marschall, H. (2006) Tetrahedrally coordinated boron in tourmalines from the liddicoatite-elbaite series from Madagascar: Structure, chemistry, and infrared spectroscopic studies. American Mineralogist, 91 (11) 1847-1856 doi:10.2138/am.2006.2245 [F-dominant] Lussier, Aaron J., Abdu, Yassir, Hawthorne, Frank C., Michaelis, Vladimir K., Aguiar, Pedro M., Kroeker, Scott (2011) Oscillatory zoned liddicoatite from Anjanabonoina, central Madagascar. I. Crystal chemistry and structure by SREF and 11B and 27Al MAS NMR spectroscopy, in Tourmaline: An ideal indicator of its host environment. The Canadian Mineralogist, 49 (1) 63-88 doi:10.3749/canmin.49.1.63F-dominant |
| ⓘ Gibbsite Formula: Al(OH)3 |
| ✪ Hambergite Formula: Be2(BO3)(OH) Habit: faces: (010), (100), prism (310) Description: First described from Anjanabonoina by Lacroix (1909).
|
| ⓘ 'K Feldspar' |
| ⓘ 'Lepidolite' |
| ⓘ Liddicoatite ? Formula: Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) Description: Liddicoatite was described as a new species in the tourmaline group by Dunn et al. (1997).
The type locality was given as "near Antsirabe". One of the most likely localities, but not conclusively, would be Anjanabonoina.
Thus multicolored tourmalines from Anjanabonoina was labeled as liddicoatite by dealers and collectors.
In 2011 the holotype of "liddicoatite" was redefined as fluor-liddicoatite.
F-dominant tourmalines (fluor-liddicoatite) is verified from Anjanabonoina, but (probably)not -yet- a (OH)-dominant (= liddicoatite after the new redefinition).
A gem-quality purplish-red tourmaline sample of alleged liddicoatitic composition turned out to be elbaite in composition (Bosi et al. 2021).
The polychromatic tourmalines from Madagascar show a very complex chemistry, and the different color zones in a single crystal may also represent different tourmaline species. Only single crystal x ray diffraction combined with a wavelength dispersive spectrum from an electron microprobe of a tourmaline is necessary to establish if fluor-liddicoatite (F- dominant on the W –site) or liddicoatite (OH-dominant on the W-site), elbaite, or other species is present. References: Dirlam, Dona M., Laurs, Brendan M., Pezzotta, Federico, Simmons, William B. (Skip) (2002) Liddicoatite Tourmaline From Anjanabonoina, Madagascar. Gems & Gemology, 38 (1) 28-53 doi:10.5741/gems.38.1.28 |
| ⓘ Magnetite Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| ⓘ Microcline Formula: K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ Microcline var. Amazonite Formula: K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ 'Microlite Group' Formula: A2-mTa2X6-wZ1-n |
| ⓘ Muscovite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 References: |
| ⓘ Native Bismuth Formula: Bi Habit: small cleavable masses |
| ⓘ Phenakite Formula: Be2SiO4 Description: Wilson (1984) mentions a find of a pocket with danburite and phenakite. About 50 crystals of clear, colorless, prismatic phenakite from 5mm wide and, 15 cm long to 2,5 cm wide and 8 cm long were mined. |
| ⓘ 'Plagioclase' Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Group' Formula: A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z Locality: Sarodivotra, Anjanabonoina pegmatites, Ambohimanambola, Betafo District, Vakinankaratra, Madagascar Description: first-generation, homogeneous = > uranoan pyrochlore |
| ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Supergroup' Formula: A2-mD2X6-wZ1-n Localities: Description: Pezzotta (1999) mentions octahedral crystals with a composition in the range pyrochlore-betafite |
| ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)' Formula: (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH) |
| ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 |
| ⓘ Quartz var. Rutilated Quartz Formula: SiO2 Description: Known locally as "cheveux de Venus" (hair of Venus) |
| ⓘ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz Formula: SiO2 |
| ⓘ Rutile Formula: TiO2 Description: Rutilated crystals as inclusions in quartz ( "cheveux de Venus" (Hair of Venus)) |
| ⓘ Schorl Formula: NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| ⓘ Spessartine Formula: Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ Spodumene Formula: LiAlSi2O6 |
| ⓘ Spodumene var. Kunzite Formula: LiAlSi2O6 |
| ⓘ Topaz Formula: Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| ⓘ 'Tourmaline' Formula: AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| ⓘ 'Tourmaline var. Achroite' |
| ⓘ 'Tourmaline var. Rubellite' |
| ⓘ Vermiculite Formula: Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| ⓘ Xenotime-(Y) Formula: Y(PO4) Habit: Blocky Colour: colorless Description: Found as inclusions in elbaite-liddicoatite |
| ⓘ 'Zinnwaldite' |
| ⓘ Zircon Formula: Zr(SiO4) |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 1 - Elements | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Native Bismuth | 1.CA.05 | Bi |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | 'Microlite Group' | 4.00. | A2-mTa2X6-wZ1-n |
| ⓘ | 'Pyrochlore Group' | 4.00. | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z |
| ⓘ | Chrysoberyl | 4.BA.05 | BeAl2O4 |
| ⓘ | Magnetite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| ⓘ | Bismite | 4.CB.60 | Bi2O3 |
| ⓘ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | var. Rutilated Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | var. Smoky Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | Rutile | 4.DB.05 | TiO2 |
| ⓘ | Fersmite | 4.DG.05 | CaNb2O6 |
| ⓘ | Gibbsite | 4.FE.10 | Al(OH)3 |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Dolomite | 5.AB.10 | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ | Bismutite | 5.BE.25 | (BiO)2CO3 |
| Group 6 - Borates | |||
| ⓘ | Hambergite | 6.AB.05 | Be2(BO3)(OH) |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| ⓘ | Xenotime-(Y) | 8.AD.35 | Y(PO4) |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Phenakite | 9.AA.05 | Be2SiO4 |
| ⓘ | Spessartine | 9.AD.25 | Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | Zircon | 9.AD.30 | Zr(SiO4) |
| ⓘ | Topaz | 9.AF.35 | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Bertrandite | 9.BD.05 | Be4(Si2O7)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Beryl var. Alkali-beryl | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| ⓘ | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) | |
| ⓘ | var. Morganite | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| ⓘ | Dravite | 9.CK.05 | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| ⓘ | Elbaite | 9.CK.05 | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| ⓘ | Feruvite ? | 9.CK.05 | CaFe2+3(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| ⓘ | Liddicoatite ? | 9.CK.05 | Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| ⓘ | Schorl | 9.CK.05 | NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| ⓘ | Fluor-elbaite | 9.CK.05 | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
| ⓘ | Fluor-liddicoatite | 9.CK.05 | Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
| ⓘ | Spodumene var. Kunzite | 9.DA.30 | LiAlSi2O6 |
| ⓘ | 9.DA.30 | LiAlSi2O6 | |
| ⓘ | Muscovite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Annite | 9.EC.20 | KFe2+3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Vermiculite | 9.EC.50 | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| ⓘ | Microcline var. Amazonite | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) | |
| ⓘ | Albite | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | var. Cleavelandite | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Danburite | 9.FA.65 | CaB2Si2O8 |
| Unclassified | |||
| ⓘ | 'Tourmaline var. Achroite' | - | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| ⓘ | 'Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)' | - | (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH) |
| ⓘ | 'Lepidolite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Tourmaline var. Rubellite' | - | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| ⓘ | '' | - | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| ⓘ | 'Zinnwaldite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Dravite-Schorl Series' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Plagioclase' | - | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| ⓘ | 'K Feldspar' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Pyrochlore Supergroup' | - | A2-mD2X6-wZ1-n |
| ⓘ | 'Elbaite-Liddicoatite Series' ? | - | |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Annite | KFe32+(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Bertrandite | Be4(Si2O7)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Feruvite | CaFe32+(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Gibbsite | Al(OH)3 |
| H | ⓘ Hambergite | Be2(BO3)(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Liddicoatite | Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Pyrochlore Group | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z |
| H | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Vermiculite | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| H | ⓘ Zinnwaldite | |
| H | ⓘ Dravite-Schorl Series | |
| H | ⓘ Elbaite-Liddicoatite Series | |
| H | ⓘ Fluor-elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
| H | ⓘ Fluor-liddicoatite | Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
| Li | Lithium | |
| Li | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Li | ⓘ Spodumene var. Kunzite | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Li | ⓘ Liddicoatite | Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Li | ⓘ Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Li | ⓘ Zinnwaldite | |
| Li | ⓘ Elbaite-Liddicoatite Series | |
| Li | ⓘ Fluor-elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
| Li | ⓘ Fluor-liddicoatite | Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
| Be | Beryllium | |
| Be | ⓘ Beryl var. Alkali-beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Be | ⓘ Bertrandite | Be4(Si2O7)(OH)2 |
| Be | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Be | ⓘ Chrysoberyl | BeAl2O4 |
| Be | ⓘ Hambergite | Be2(BO3)(OH) |
| Be | ⓘ Beryl var. Morganite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Be | ⓘ Phenakite | Be2SiO4 |
| B | Boron | |
| B | ⓘ Tourmaline var. Achroite | |
| B | ⓘ Danburite | CaB2Si2O8 |
| B | ⓘ Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| B | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| B | ⓘ Feruvite | CaFe32+(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| B | ⓘ Hambergite | Be2(BO3)(OH) |
| B | ⓘ Liddicoatite | Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| B | ⓘ Tourmaline var. Rubellite | |
| B | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| B | ⓘ Tourmaline | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| B | ⓘ Dravite-Schorl Series | |
| B | ⓘ Elbaite-Liddicoatite Series | |
| B | ⓘ Fluor-elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
| B | ⓘ Fluor-liddicoatite | Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
| C | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Beryl var. Alkali-beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| O | ⓘ Microcline var. Amazonite | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Annite | KFe32+(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Tourmaline var. Achroite | |
| O | ⓘ Bertrandite | Be4(Si2O7)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Bismite | Bi2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
| O | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| O | ⓘ Chrysoberyl | BeAl2O4 |
| O | ⓘ Danburite | CaB2Si2O8 |
| O | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| O | ⓘ Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Fersmite | CaNb2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Feruvite | CaFe32+(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Gibbsite | Al(OH)3 |
| O | ⓘ Hambergite | Be2(BO3)(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Spodumene var. Kunzite | LiAlSi2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Liddicoatite | Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| O | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Beryl var. Morganite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Phenakite | Be2SiO4 |
| O | ⓘ Pyrochlore Group | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Tourmaline var. Rubellite | |
| O | ⓘ Quartz var. Rutilated Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Tourmaline | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| O | ⓘ Vermiculite | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| O | ⓘ Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) |
| O | ⓘ Zinnwaldite | |
| O | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| O | ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series | |
| O | ⓘ Dravite-Schorl Series | |
| O | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| O | ⓘ Elbaite-Liddicoatite Series | |
| O | ⓘ Fluor-elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
| O | ⓘ Fluor-liddicoatite | Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| F | ⓘ Zinnwaldite | |
| F | ⓘ Fluor-elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
| F | ⓘ Fluor-liddicoatite | Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Na | ⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH) |
| Na | ⓘ Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Na | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Na | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Na | ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Na | ⓘ Dravite-Schorl Series | |
| Na | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Na | ⓘ Elbaite-Liddicoatite Series | |
| Na | ⓘ Fluor-elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Mg | ⓘ Feruvite | CaFe32+(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Mg | ⓘ Vermiculite | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Dravite-Schorl Series | |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Beryl var. Alkali-beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Al | ⓘ Microcline var. Amazonite | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Annite | KFe32+(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Al | ⓘ Chrysoberyl | BeAl2O4 |
| Al | ⓘ Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Feruvite | CaFe32+(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Gibbsite | Al(OH)3 |
| Al | ⓘ Spodumene var. Kunzite | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Al | ⓘ Liddicoatite | Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Beryl var. Morganite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Al | ⓘ Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Al | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Vermiculite | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Zinnwaldite | |
| Al | ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Dravite-Schorl Series | |
| Al | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Al | ⓘ Elbaite-Liddicoatite Series | |
| Al | ⓘ Fluor-elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
| Al | ⓘ Fluor-liddicoatite | Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Beryl var. Alkali-beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Si | ⓘ Microcline var. Amazonite | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Annite | KFe32+(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Bertrandite | Be4(Si2O7)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Si | ⓘ Danburite | CaB2Si2O8 |
| Si | ⓘ Dravite | NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Feruvite | CaFe32+(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Spodumene var. Kunzite | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Liddicoatite | Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Beryl var. Morganite | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Phenakite | Be2SiO4 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Rutilated Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Spodumene | LiAlSi2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Vermiculite | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Zinnwaldite | |
| Si | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Si | ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Dravite-Schorl Series | |
| Si | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Si | ⓘ Elbaite-Liddicoatite Series | |
| Si | ⓘ Fluor-elbaite | Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
| Si | ⓘ Fluor-liddicoatite | Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | ⓘ Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | ⓘ Microcline var. Amazonite | K(AlSi3O8) |
| K | ⓘ Annite | KFe32+(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Zinnwaldite | |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Danburite | CaB2Si2O8 |
| Ca | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Fersmite | CaNb2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Feruvite | CaFe32+(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Liddicoatite | Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Ca | ⓘ Elbaite-Liddicoatite Series | |
| Ca | ⓘ Fluor-liddicoatite | Ca(Li2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F |
| Ti | Titanium | |
| Ti | ⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH) |
| Ti | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
| Mn | Manganese | |
| Mn | ⓘ Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Mn | ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series | |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Annite | KFe32+(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Feruvite | CaFe32+(Al5Mg)(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Schorl | NaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Vermiculite | Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Zinnwaldite | |
| Fe | ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series | |
| Fe | ⓘ Dravite-Schorl Series | |
| Y | Yttrium | |
| Y | ⓘ Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) |
| Zr | Zirconium | |
| Zr | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Nb | Niobium | |
| Nb | ⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH) |
| Nb | ⓘ Fersmite | CaNb2O6 |
| Nb | ⓘ Pyrochlore Group | A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z |
| Nb | ⓘ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series | |
| Ta | Tantalum | |
| Ta | ⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH) |
| Ta | ⓘ Microlite Group | A2-mTa2X6-wZ1-n |
| Bi | Bismuth | |
| Bi | ⓘ Bismite | Bi2O3 |
| Bi | ⓘ Native Bismuth | Bi |
| Bi | ⓘ Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
| U | Uranium | |
| U | ⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH) |
Localities in this Region
- Vakinankaratra
- Betafo District
- Ambohimanambola
- Anjanabonoina pegmatites
- Ambohimanambola
- Betafo District
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
AfricaContinent
African Plate
- Antenanarivo BlockOrogenic Belt
Madagascar
- Ankaratra Volcanic RangeVolcanic Range
- ⭔Antananarivo ProvinceProvince
Somali PlateTectonic Plate
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References
Lacroix, Alfred (1908) Les minéraux des filons de pegmatite à tourmaline lithique de Madagascar. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 31 (6) 218-247 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1908.3310with notes on tourmaline from Anjanabonoina
Lacroix, Alfred (1909) Sur la hambergite de Madagascar. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 32 (7) 320-324 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1909.3373
Lacroix, Alfred (1922) Minéralogie de Madagascar, Tome I. Géologie-Minéralogie descriptive. Augustin Challamel. 624 pp.
Switzer, George, Clarke, Roy S., Sinkankas, John, Worthing, and Helen W. (1965) Fluorine in hambergite. American Mineralogist, 50 (1-2) 85-95 with analysis on hambergite from Anjanabonoina
Dirlam, Dona M., Laurs, Brendan M., Pezzotta, Federico, Simmons, William B. (Skip) (2002) Liddicoatite Tourmaline From Anjanabonoina, Madagascar. Gems & Gemology, 38 (1) 28-53 doi:10.5741/gems.38.1.28
De Vito, C., Pezzotta, F., Ferrini, V., Aurisicchio, C. (2006) Nb-Ti-Ta oxides in the gem-mineralized and "hybrid" Anjanabonoina granitic pegmatite, central Madagascar: A record of magmatic and postmagmatic events. The Canadian Mineralogist, 44 (1) 87-103 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.44.1.87
Ertl, A., Hughes, J. M., Prowatke, S., Ludwig, T., Prasad, P. S.R., Brandstatter, F., Korner, W., Schuster, R., Pertlik, F., Marschall, H. (2006) Tetrahedrally coordinated boron in tourmalines from the liddicoatite-elbaite series from Madagascar: Structure, chemistry, and infrared spectroscopic studies. American Mineralogist, 91 (11) 1847-1856 doi:10.2138/am.2006.2245 [both F-dominant]
Lussier, Aaron J., Abdu, Yassir, Hawthorne, Frank C., Michaelis, Vladimir K., Aguiar, Pedro M., Kroeker, Scott (2011) Oscillatory zoned liddicoatite from Anjanabonoina, central Madagascar. I. Crystal chemistry and structure by SREF and 11B and 27Al MAS NMR spectroscopy, in Tourmaline: An ideal indicator of its host environment. The Canadian Mineralogist, 49 (1) 63-88 doi:10.3749/canmin.49.1.63
Lussier, Aaron J., Hawthorne, Frank C. (2011) Oscillatory zoned liddicoatite from Anjanabonoina, central Madagascar. II. Compositional variation and mechanisms of substitution, in Tourmaline: An ideal indicator of its host environment. The Canadian Mineralogist, 49 (1) 89-104 doi:10.3749/canmin.49.1.89
Bosi, Ferdinando, Celata, Beatrice, Skogby, Henrik, Hålenius, Ulf, Tempesta, Gioacchino, Ciriotti, Marco E., Bittarello, Erica, Marengo, Alessandra (2021) Mn-bearing purplish-red tourmaline from the Anjanabonoina pegmatite, Madagascar. Mineralogical Magazine, 85 (2) 242-253 doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.20
[1]Rizzo, Floriana, Bosi, Ferdinando, Tempesta, Gioacchino, Agrosì, Giovanna (2023) Compositional Variation and Crystal-Chemical Characterization of a Watermelon Variety of Tourmaline from Anjanabonoina, Central Madagascar. Crystals, 13 (8) doi:10.3390/cryst13081290
Lussier, Aaron J.; Hawthorne, Frank C. (2023) Oscillatory Zoned Liddicoatite from Anjanabonoina, Central Madagascar. III. Trace Elements. The Canadian Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 61 (4). 825-859 doi:10.3749/2200026 the crystal studied in this paper corresponds to fluor-liddicoatite
Anjanabonoina pegmatites, Ambohimanambola, Betafo District, Vakinankaratra, Madagascar