Kukharenkoite-(Ce)
A valid IMA mineral species
This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
About Kukharenkoite-(Ce)
Alexander A. Kukharenko
Formula:
Ba2Ce(CO3)3F
Colour:
Yellow, red-brown, pink-grey, colourless
Lustre:
Vitreous, Greasy
Hardness:
4½
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
For Prof. Alexander Alexandrovich Kukharenko (Александр Алексеевич Кухаренко) (1914, Moscow, Russian Empire - 1993), Department of Mineralogy, St. Petersburg University, St. Petersburg, Russia. The suffix/modifier follows the Levinson rule for species with essential REE, indicating, in this case, predominant cerium.
Co-Type Localities:
ⓘ Poudrette quarry (De-Mix quarry; Demix quarry; Uni-Mix quarry; Carrière Mont Saint-Hilaire; MSH), Mont Saint-Hilaire, La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM, Montérégie, Québec, Canada
ⓘ Demix-Varennes quarry, Saint-Amable sill, Varennes & St-Amable, Lajemmerais RCM, Montérégie, Québec, Canada
ⓘ Kirovskii apatite mine, Kukisvumchorr Mt, Murmansk Oblast, Russia
ⓘ Vuoriyarvi alkaline-ultrabasic massif, Northern Karelia, Murmansk Oblast, Russia
ⓘ Demix-Varennes quarry, Saint-Amable sill, Varennes & St-Amable, Lajemmerais RCM, Montérégie, Québec, Canada
ⓘ Kirovskii apatite mine, Kukisvumchorr Mt, Murmansk Oblast, Russia
ⓘ Vuoriyarvi alkaline-ultrabasic massif, Northern Karelia, Murmansk Oblast, Russia
This page provides mineralogical data about Kukharenkoite-(Ce).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
7146
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:7146:4
Similar Names
| Kukharenkoite-(La) | A valid IMA mineral species | Ba2(La,Ce,Th)(CO3)3F |
IMA Classification of Kukharenkoite-(Ce)
Classification of Kukharenkoite-(Ce)
5.BD.10
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
B : Carbonates with additional anions, without H2O
D : With rare earth elements (REE)
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
B : Carbonates with additional anions, without H2O
D : With rare earth elements (REE)
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Kkk-Ce | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Kukharenkoite-(Ce)
Vitreous, Greasy
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Yellow, red-brown, pink-grey, colourless
Streak:
White
Hardness:
4½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN25=280(25) kg/mm2 - Vickers
Cleavage:
None Observed
Parting:
None observed.
Optical Data of Kukharenkoite-(Ce)
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.584 - 1.594 nβ = 1.71 - 1.724 nγ = 1.715 - 1.728
2V:
Measured: 16° , Calculated: 18° to 20°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.131 - 0.134
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
r > v moderate
Chemistry of Kukharenkoite-(Ce)
Mindat Formula:
Ba2Ce(CO3)3F
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Kukharenkoite-(Ce)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 13.406 Å, b = 5.072 Å, c = 6.707 Å
β = 106.57°
β = 106.57°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 2.643 : 1 : 1.322
Unit Cell V:
437.11 ų
Z:
2
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Display Options
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
Stop | Start
Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0012563 | Kukharenkoite-(Ce) | Mercier N, Leblanc M (1993) Crystal growth and structures of rare earth fluorocarbonates: I. Structures of BaSm(CO3)2F and Ba3La2(CO3)5F2: revision of the corresponding huanghoite and cebaite type structures _cod_database_code 1000320 European Journal of Solid State and Inorganic Chemistry 30 195-205 | 1993 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
| 0005546 | Kukharenkoite-(Ce) | Krivovichev S V, Filatov S K, Zaitsev A N (1998) The crystal structure of kukharenkoite-(Ce), Ba2REE(CO3)3F,and an interpretation based on cation-coordinated F tetrahedra The Canadian Mineralogist 36 809-815 |  | 1998 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0012566 | Kukharenkoite-(Ce) | Mercier N, Leblanc M (1993) Crystal growth and structures of rare earth fluorocarbonates: II. Structures of zhonghuacerite Ba2Ce(CO3)3F. Correlations between huanghoite, cebaite and zhonghuacerite type structures _cod_database_code 1000477 European Journal of Solid State and Inorganic Chemistry 30 207-216 | 1993 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.000 Å | (100) |
| 3.269 Å | (100) |
| 2.535 Å | (20) |
| 2.140 Å | (40) |
| 2.003 Å | (40) |
Comments:
The data are from the type description.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks | |
| 36 : Carbonatites, kimberlites, and related igneous rocks |
Type Occurrence of Kukharenkoite-(Ce)
Co-Type Localities:
ⓘ Poudrette quarry (De-Mix quarry; Demix quarry; Uni-Mix quarry; Carrière Mont Saint-Hilaire; MSH), Mont Saint-Hilaire, La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM, Montérégie, Québec, Canada
ⓘ Demix-Varennes quarry, Saint-Amable sill, Varennes & St-Amable, Lajemmerais RCM, Montérégie, Québec, Canada
ⓘ Kirovskii apatite mine, Kukisvumchorr Mt, Murmansk Oblast, Russia
ⓘ Vuoriyarvi alkaline-ultrabasic massif, Northern Karelia, Murmansk Oblast, Russia
ⓘ Demix-Varennes quarry, Saint-Amable sill, Varennes & St-Amable, Lajemmerais RCM, Montérégie, Québec, Canada
ⓘ Kirovskii apatite mine, Kukisvumchorr Mt, Murmansk Oblast, Russia
ⓘ Vuoriyarvi alkaline-ultrabasic massif, Northern Karelia, Murmansk Oblast, Russia
General Appearance of Type Material:
Small (0.01-1.0 mm), prismatic, bladed crystals, often in dendritc or stellate groups 2-3 mm across.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, numbers CMNI 81531 and CMNI 81533 (cotype).
Mining Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia, number 1/18303 (cotype).
Mining Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia, number 1/18303 (cotype).
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Kukharenkoite-(Ce) has 4 type localities with data derived from bona fide type specimens from all four localities. In fact we found the TL3 type specimen in 1976.
TL 1: Kirov mine, Khibina massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia.
TL 2: Poudrette quarry, Mont Saint-Hilaire, Rouville County, Québec [45 33' N, 73 08' W].
TL 3: Demix (Varennes) quarry, Saint-Amable sill, Saint-Amable and Varennes, Verchères County, Québec [45 39' N, 73 17' W].
TL 4: Vuorijärvi massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia.
TL 1: Kirov mine, Khibina massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia.
TL 2: Poudrette quarry, Mont Saint-Hilaire, Rouville County, Québec [45 33' N, 73 08' W].
TL 3: Demix (Varennes) quarry, Saint-Amable sill, Saint-Amable and Varennes, Verchères County, Québec [45 39' N, 73 17' W].
TL 4: Vuorijärvi massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Kukharenkoite-(Ce)
Other Language Names for Kukharenkoite-(Ce)
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 9 photos of Kukharenkoite-(Ce) associated with Eudialyte | Na15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2 |
| 4 photos of Kukharenkoite-(Ce) associated with Serandite | NaMn2+2Si3O8(OH) |
| 4 photos of Kukharenkoite-(Ce) associated with Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| 3 photos of Kukharenkoite-(Ce) associated with Polylithionite | KLi2Al(Si4O10)(F,OH)2 |
| 3 photos of Kukharenkoite-(Ce) associated with Astrophyllite | K2NaFe2+7Ti2[Si4O12]2O2(OH)4F |
| 3 photos of Kukharenkoite-(Ce) associated with Mosandrite-(Ce) | (Ca3REE)[(H2O)2Ca0.5◻0.5]Ti(Si2O7)2(OH)2(H2O)2 |
| 3 photos of Kukharenkoite-(Ce) associated with Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| 2 photos of Kukharenkoite-(Ce) associated with Catapleiite | Na2Zr(Si3O9) · 2H2O |
| 2 photos of Kukharenkoite-(Ce) associated with Manganoneptunite | KNa2Li(Mn2+)2Ti2[Si4O12]2 |
| 1 photo of Kukharenkoite-(Ce) associated with Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 5.BD. | Cordylite-(La) | (Na,Ca)Ba(La,Ce,Sr)2(CO3)4F |
| 5.BD.05 | Cordylite-(Ce) | NaBaCe2(CO3)4F |
| 5.BD.05 | 'Unnamed (Cordylite-like Calcium-Barium-Cerium Carbonate-Fluoride)' | Ca◻Ba2Ce4[CO3]8F2 |
| 5.BD.05 | Lukechangite-(Ce) | Na3Ce2(CO3)4F |
| 5.BD.10 | 'Zhonghuacerite-(Ce)' | Ba2Ce(CO3)3F |
| 5.BD.10 | Kukharenkoite-(La) | Ba2(La,Ce,Th)(CO3)3F |
| 5.BD.15 | Cebaite-(Ce) | Ba3Ce2(CO3)5F2 |
| 5.BD.15 | 'Cebaite-(Nd)' | Ba3(Nd,Ce)2(CO3)5F2 |
| 5.BD.18 | Arisite-(Ce) | NaCe2(CO3)2[F2x(CO3)1-x]F |
| 5.BD.18 | Arisite-(La) | NaLa2(CO3)2[F2x(CO3)1-x]F |
| 5.BD.20c | Synchysite-(Ce) | CaCe(CO3)2F |
| 5.BD.20c | Synchysite-(Nd) | CaNd(CO3)2F |
| 5.BD.20c | Synchysite-(Y) | CaY(CO3)2F |
| 5.BD.20a | Bastnäsite-(Ce) | Ce(CO3)F |
| 5.BD.20b | Parisite-(Ce) | CaCe2(CO3)3F2 |
| 5.BD.20a | Bastnäsite-(La) | La(CO3)F |
| 5.BD.20b | Parisite-(Nd) | Ca(Nd,Ce,La)2(CO3)3F2 |
| 5.BD.20a | Bastnäsite-(Y) | Y(CO3)F |
| 5.BD.20b | Parisite-(La) | CaLa2(CO3)3F2 |
| 5.BD.20d | Röntgenite-(Ce) | Ca2(Ce,La)3(CO3)5F3 |
| 5.BD.20a | Thorbastnäsite | ThCa(CO3)2F2 · 3H2O |
| 5.BD.20a | Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce) | Ce(CO3)(OH) |
| 5.BD.20a | Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Nd) | Nd(CO3)(OH) |
| 5.BD.20c | 'Hydroxylsynchysite-(Ce)' | Ca(Ce,La)(CO3)2(OH) |
| 5.BD.20c | 'Synchysite-(La)' | Ca(La,Nd)(CO3)2F |
| 5.BD.20a | Bastnäsite-(Nd) | Nd(CO3)F |
| 5.BD.20a | Hydroxylbastnäsite-(La) | (La,Nd,Ce)(CO3)(OH,F) |
| 5.BD.25 | Qaqarssukite-(Ce) | Ba(Ce,REE)(CO3)2F |
| 5.BD.25 | Horváthite-(Y) | NaY(CO3)F2 |
| 5.BD.35 | Huanghoite-(Ce) | BaCe(CO3)2F |
| 5.BD.35 | Huanghoite-(Nd) | BaNd(CO3)2F |
| 5.BD.45 | Bayanoboite-(Y) | Ba2Y(CO3)2F3 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Kukharenkoite-(Ce)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-7146.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Kukharenkoite-(Ce)
Reference List:
Zaitsev, Anatoly N.; Yakovenchuk, Viktor N.; Chao, George Y.; Gault, Robert A.; Subbotin, Viktor V.; Pakhomosky, Yakοv A.; Bogdanova, Alla N. (1997) Kukharenkoite-(Ce), Ba2Ce(CO3)3F, a new mineral from Kola peninsula, Russia, and Quebec, Canada. European Journal of Mineralogy, 8 (6). 1327-1336 doi:10.1127/ejm/8/6/1327
Localities for Kukharenkoite-(Ce)
Showing 12 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Canada | |
| Dalsin (2013) +1 other reference |
| Zaitsev et al. (1997) |
| Horváth et al. (1998) |
| Zaitsev et al. (1997) +1 other reference |
| Nadeau et al. (2014) +2 other references |
Russia | |
| Koneva A.A. et al. (2010) |
| Lemanski (n.d.) | |
| Zaitsev et al. (1997) +3 other references |
| Zaitsev et al. (1997) +1 other reference |
| Zaitsev et al. (1997) |
Spain | |
| Dill et al. (2023) |
USA | |
| Robin D. Tibbit (deceased) |
Quick NavTopAbout Kukharenkoite-(Ce)Unique IdentifiersSimilar NamesIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Poudrette quarry, Mont Saint-Hilaire, La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM, Montérégie, Québec, Canada