Kukharenkoite-(La)
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Kukharenkoite-(La)
Formula:
Ba2(La,Ce,Th)(CO3)3F
Colour:
Colourless to white, pale green
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
4
Specific Gravity:
4.65
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named for being the lanthanum-dominant isostructural analogue of kukharenkoite-(Ce).
This page provides mineralogical data about Kukharenkoite-(La).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
25586
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:25586:4
Similar Names
| Kukharenkoite-(Ce) | A valid IMA mineral species | Ba2Ce(CO3)3F |
IMA Classification of Kukharenkoite-(La)
Classification of Kukharenkoite-(La)
5.BD.10
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
B : Carbonates with additional anions, without H2O
D : With rare earth elements (REE)
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
B : Carbonates with additional anions, without H2O
D : With rare earth elements (REE)
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Kkk-La | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Kukharenkoite-(La)
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Colourless to white, pale green
Streak:
White
Hardness:
4 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Density:
4.65 g/cm3 (Measured)
Optical Data of Kukharenkoite-(La)
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.581(3) nβ = 1.715(5) nγ = 1.715(5)
2V:
Measured: -5° (3)
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.134
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
No measured or calculated 2V is on file for this mineral, so the value used here (-0°) is estimated from its recorded refractive indices and optic sign, not from a direct 2V measurement.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
No measured or calculated 2V is on file for this mineral, so the value used here (-0°) is estimated from its recorded refractive indices and optic sign, not from a direct 2V measurement.
Optical Extinction:
X ∧ a = 9°, Y = b, Z ∧ c ≈ 26°.
Chemistry of Kukharenkoite-(La)
Mindat Formula:
Ba2(La,Ce,Th)(CO3)3F
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Kukharenkoite-(La)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 13.39 Å, b = 5.111 Å, c = 6.672 Å
β = 106.63°
β = 106.63°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 2.62 : 1 : 1.305
Unit Cell V:
437.51 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Forms include {010} and {201}, combined with {100} and {001}.
Twinning:
Snowflake-like interpenetration twins (trillings) with [201] axis.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0015720 | Kukharenkoite-(La) | Krivovichev S V, Armbruster T, Pekov I V (2003) Cation frameworks in structure of natural fluocarbonates of barium and rare-earth elements: crystal structure of kukharenkoite-(La), Ba2(La,Ce)(CO3)3F Zapiski Vserossijskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva 132N3 65-72 | 2003 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.01 Å | (100) |
| 3.27 Å | (100) |
| 2.14 Å | (80) |
| 1.998 Å | (80) |
| 2.54 Å | (50) |
| 1.636 Å | (20) |
| 1.370 Å | (20) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks |
Type Occurrence of Kukharenkoite-(La)
General Appearance of Type Material:
Tufts of platy to acicular prisms to 0.5 mm, snowflake-like interpenetration twins (trillings), open-worked intergrowths, and brushes.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
A.E. Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Late-hydrothermal assemblage in cavities of pegmatites.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Kukharenkoite-(La)
Other Language Names for Kukharenkoite-(La)
Dutch:Kukharenkoiet-(La)
German:Kukharenkoit-(La)
Russian:Кухаренкоит-(La)
Simplified Chinese:氟碳镧钡石
Traditional Chinese:氟碳鑭鋇石
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 5.BD. | Cordylite-(La) | (Na,Ca)Ba(La,Ce,Sr)2(CO3)4F |
| 5.BD.05 | Cordylite-(Ce) | NaBaCe2(CO3)4F |
| 5.BD.05 | 'Unnamed (Cordylite-like Calcium-Barium-Cerium Carbonate-Fluoride)' | Ca◻Ba2Ce4[CO3]8F2 |
| 5.BD.05 | Lukechangite-(Ce) | Na3Ce2(CO3)4F |
| 5.BD.10 | 'Zhonghuacerite-(Ce)' | Ba2Ce(CO3)3F |
| 5.BD.10 | Kukharenkoite-(Ce) | Ba2Ce(CO3)3F |
| 5.BD.15 | Cebaite-(Ce) | Ba3Ce2(CO3)5F2 |
| 5.BD.15 | 'Cebaite-(Nd)' | Ba3(Nd,Ce)2(CO3)5F2 |
| 5.BD.18 | Arisite-(Ce) | NaCe2(CO3)2[F2x(CO3)1-x]F |
| 5.BD.18 | Arisite-(La) | NaLa2(CO3)2[F2x(CO3)1-x]F |
| 5.BD.20c | Synchysite-(Ce) | CaCe(CO3)2F |
| 5.BD.20c | Synchysite-(Nd) | CaNd(CO3)2F |
| 5.BD.20c | Synchysite-(Y) | CaY(CO3)2F |
| 5.BD.20a | Bastnäsite-(Ce) | Ce(CO3)F |
| 5.BD.20b | Parisite-(Ce) | CaCe2(CO3)3F2 |
| 5.BD.20a | Bastnäsite-(La) | La(CO3)F |
| 5.BD.20b | Parisite-(Nd) | Ca(Nd,Ce,La)2(CO3)3F2 |
| 5.BD.20a | Bastnäsite-(Y) | Y(CO3)F |
| 5.BD.20b | Parisite-(La) | CaLa2(CO3)3F2 |
| 5.BD.20d | Röntgenite-(Ce) | Ca2(Ce,La)3(CO3)5F3 |
| 5.BD.20a | Thorbastnäsite | ThCa(CO3)2F2 · 3H2O |
| 5.BD.20a | Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce) | Ce(CO3)(OH) |
| 5.BD.20a | Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Nd) | Nd(CO3)(OH) |
| 5.BD.20c | 'Hydroxylsynchysite-(Ce)' | Ca(Ce,La)(CO3)2(OH) |
| 5.BD.20c | 'Synchysite-(La)' | Ca(La,Nd)(CO3)2F |
| 5.BD.20a | Bastnäsite-(Nd) | Nd(CO3)F |
| 5.BD.20a | Hydroxylbastnäsite-(La) | (La,Nd,Ce)(CO3)(OH,F) |
| 5.BD.25 | Qaqarssukite-(Ce) | Ba(Ce,REE)(CO3)2F |
| 5.BD.25 | Horváthite-(Y) | NaY(CO3)F2 |
| 5.BD.35 | Huanghoite-(Ce) | BaCe(CO3)2F |
| 5.BD.35 | Huanghoite-(Nd) | BaNd(CO3)2F |
| 5.BD.45 | Bayanoboite-(Y) | Ba2Y(CO3)2F3 |
Fluorescence of Kukharenkoite-(La)
none
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Kukharenkoite-(La)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-25586.html
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Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Kukharenkoite-(La)
Reference List:
Pekov, I. V., Chukanov, N. V., Kononkova, N. N., Zadov, A. E., Krivovichev, S. V. (2003) Kukharenkoite-(La), Ba2(La,Ce)(CO3)3F, a new mineral from Khibiny massif, Kola peninsula. Zapiski Vserossijskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva, 132 (3) 55-64
Localities for Kukharenkoite-(La)
Showing 2 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Russia | |
| Lapis 28 (12) |
| Pekov et al. (2003) +1 other reference |
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Kirovskii apatite mine, Kukisvumchorr Mt, Murmansk Oblast, Russia