Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce)
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce)
Formula:
Ce(CO3)(OH)
Colour:
Yellow, light brown
Lustre:
Vitreous, Greasy
Hardness:
4
Specific Gravity:
4.789 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Member of:
Name:
Named for its relation to bastnäsite. The root name is for the locality at the Bastnäs mines, Riddarhyttan, Skinnskatteberg, Västmanland, Sweden. The "hydroxyl" prefix due to the dominance of the hydroxyl radical over fluorine and the "-(Ce)" suffix due to the dominance of cerium in the composition.
Co-Type Localities:
The hydroxyl analogue of Bastnäsite-(Ce); the cerium analogue of Hydroxylbastnäsite-(La) and Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Nd). Bastnäsite-(Ce)-Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce) Series.
Name Encoding
ASCII-7:
Hydroxylbastnasite-(Ce)
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1956
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1956:5
Similar Names
| Hydroxylbastnäsite | ||
| Hydroxylbastnäsite-(La) | A valid IMA mineral species | (La,Nd,Ce)(CO3)(OH,F) |
| Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Nd) | A valid IMA mineral species | Nd(CO3)(OH) |
IMA Classification of Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce)
Approved
IMA Formula:
Ce3+CO3(OH)
Classification of Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce)
5.BD.20a
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
B : Carbonates with additional anions, without H2O
D : With rare earth elements (REE)
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
B : Carbonates with additional anions, without H2O
D : With rare earth elements (REE)
16a.1.2.1
16a : ANHYDROUS CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
1 : (AB)(XO3)Zq
16a : ANHYDROUS CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
1 : (AB)(XO3)Zq
11.8.5
11 : Carbonates
8 : Carbonates of the rare earths
11 : Carbonates
8 : Carbonates of the rare earths
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Hbsn-Ce | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce)
Optical Data of Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce)
Type:
Uniaxial (+)
RI values:
nω = 1.76 nε = 1.87
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.110
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Chemistry of Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce)
Mindat Formula:
Ce(CO3)(OH)
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce)
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Class (H-M):
6 - Trigonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
P6
Cell Parameters:
a = 12.4730(9) Å, c = 9.9607(14) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.799
Unit Cell V:
1,342.03 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
18
Comment:
Yang et al. (2008) give: a = 12.4112(2), c = 9.8511(3) Å.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0004568 | Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce) | Yang H, Dembowski R F, Conrad P G, Downs R T (2008) Yang, H., Dembowski, R. F., Conrad, P. G., & Downs, R. T. . Crystal structure and Raman spectrum of hydroxyl-bastnasite-(Ce), CeCO3 (OH). American Mineralogist, 93(4), 698-701. |  | 2008 | 0 | 0 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 4a: Earth’s earliest continental crust | >4.4-3.0 |
| 19 : Granitic intrusive rocks | |
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47) | |
| 26 : Hadean detrital minerals | |
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations | |
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 34 : Complex granite pegmatites | |
| 35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks | |
| 36 : Carbonatites, kimberlites, and related igneous rocks | |
| Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics | <3.5-2.5 |
| 40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies) |
Type Occurrence of Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce)
Synonyms of Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce)
Other Language Names for Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce)
Dutch:Hydroxylbastnäsiet-(Ce)
German:Hydroxylbastnäsit-(Ce)
Relationship of Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce) to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Bastnäsite Group:
| Bastnäsite | (Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F | |
| Hydroxylbastnäsite-(La) | (La,Nd,Ce)(CO3)(OH,F) | Hex. 6 : P6 |
| Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Nd) | Nd(CO3)(OH) | Hex. 6m2 : P62c |
| Thorbastnäsite | ThCa(CO3)2F2 · 3H2O | Hex. 6m2 : P62c |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 22 photos of Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce) associated with Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| 8 photos of Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce) associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 7 photos of Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce) associated with Allanite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 3 photos of Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce) associated with Dissakisite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(AlAlMg)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 3 photos of Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce) associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 2 photos of Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce) associated with Biraite-(Ce) | Ce2Fe2+(Si2O7)(CO3) |
| 1 photo of Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce) associated with Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| 1 photo of Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce) associated with Rutile | TiO2 |
| 1 photo of Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce) associated with Monazite-(Ce) | Ce(PO4) |
| 1 photo of Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce) associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 5.BD. | Cordylite-(La) | (Na,Ca)Ba(La,Ce,Sr)2(CO3)4F |
| 5.BD.05 | Cordylite-(Ce) | NaBaCe2(CO3)4F |
| 5.BD.05 | 'Unnamed (Cordylite-like Calcium-Barium-Cerium Carbonate-Fluoride)' | Ca◻Ba2Ce4[CO3]8F2 |
| 5.BD.05 | Lukechangite-(Ce) | Na3Ce2(CO3)4F |
| 5.BD.10 | 'Zhonghuacerite-(Ce)' | Ba2Ce(CO3)3F |
| 5.BD.10 | Kukharenkoite-(Ce) | Ba2Ce(CO3)3F |
| 5.BD.10 | Kukharenkoite-(La) | Ba2(La,Ce,Th)(CO3)3F |
| 5.BD.15 | Cebaite-(Ce) | Ba3Ce2(CO3)5F2 |
| 5.BD.15 | 'Cebaite-(Nd)' | Ba3(Nd,Ce)2(CO3)5F2 |
| 5.BD.18 | Arisite-(Ce) | NaCe2(CO3)2[F2x(CO3)1-x]F |
| 5.BD.18 | Arisite-(La) | NaLa2(CO3)2[F2x(CO3)1-x]F |
| 5.BD.20c | Synchysite-(Ce) | CaCe(CO3)2F |
| 5.BD.20c | Synchysite-(Nd) | CaNd(CO3)2F |
| 5.BD.20c | Synchysite-(Y) | CaY(CO3)2F |
| 5.BD.20a | Bastnäsite-(Ce) | Ce(CO3)F |
| 5.BD.20b | Parisite-(Ce) | CaCe2(CO3)3F2 |
| 5.BD.20a | Bastnäsite-(La) | La(CO3)F |
| 5.BD.20b | Parisite-(Nd) | Ca(Nd,Ce,La)2(CO3)3F2 |
| 5.BD.20a | Bastnäsite-(Y) | Y(CO3)F |
| 5.BD.20b | Parisite-(La) | CaLa2(CO3)3F2 |
| 5.BD.20d | Röntgenite-(Ce) | Ca2(Ce,La)3(CO3)5F3 |
| 5.BD.20a | Thorbastnäsite | ThCa(CO3)2F2 · 3H2O |
| 5.BD.20a | Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Nd) | Nd(CO3)(OH) |
| 5.BD.20c | 'Hydroxylsynchysite-(Ce)' | Ca(Ce,La)(CO3)2(OH) |
| 5.BD.20c | 'Synchysite-(La)' | Ca(La,Nd)(CO3)2F |
| 5.BD.20a | Bastnäsite-(Nd) | Nd(CO3)F |
| 5.BD.20a | Hydroxylbastnäsite-(La) | (La,Nd,Ce)(CO3)(OH,F) |
| 5.BD.25 | Qaqarssukite-(Ce) | Ba(Ce,REE)(CO3)2F |
| 5.BD.25 | Horváthite-(Y) | NaY(CO3)F2 |
| 5.BD.35 | Huanghoite-(Ce) | BaCe(CO3)2F |
| 5.BD.35 | Huanghoite-(Nd) | BaNd(CO3)2F |
| 5.BD.45 | Bayanoboite-(Y) | Ba2Y(CO3)2F3 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1956.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce)
Reference List:
Wakita, Hisanobu; Kinoshita, Setsuko (1979) A Synthetic Study of the Solid Solutions in the Systems and La2(CO3)3·8H2O-Ce2(CO3)3·8H2O and La(OH)CO3–Ce(OH)CO3. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 52 (2). 428-432 doi:10.1246/bcsj.52.428
Nickel, Ernest H., Mandarino, Joseph A. (1987) Procedures involving the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names and guidelines on mineral nomenclature. American Mineralogist, 72 (9-10) 1031-1042
Hsu, L. C. (1992) Synthesis and stability of bastnaesites in a part of the system (Ce,La)-F-H-C-O. Mineralogy and Petrology, 47 (1) 87-101 doi:10.1007/bf01165299
Frost, Ray L., Dickfos, Marilla J. (2007) Raman spectroscopy of halogen-containing carbonates. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 38 (11). 1516-1522 doi:10.1002/jrs.1806
Burke, Ernst A. J. (2008) Tidying up mineral names: an IMA-CNMNC scheme for suffixes, hyphens and diacritical marks. The Mineralogical Record, 39 (2) 131-135
Yang, H., Dembowski, R. F., Conrad, P. G., Downs, R. T. (2008) Crystal structure and Raman spectrum of hydroxyl-bastnasite-(Ce), CeCO3(OH) American Mineralogist, 93 (4) 698-701 doi:10.2138/am.2008.2827
Michiba, Kiyonori, Tahara, Takeshi, Nakai, Izumi, Miyawaki, Ritsuro, Matsubara, Satoshi (2011) Crystal structure of hexagonal RE(CO3)OH. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 226 (6). 518-530 doi:10.1524/zkri.2011.1222
Michiba, Kiyonori, Miyawaki, Ritsuro, Minakawa, Tetsuo, Terada, Yasuko, Nakai, Izumi, Matsubara, Satoshi (2013) Crystal structure of hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce) from Kamihouri, Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 108 (6) 326-334 doi:10.2465/jmps.121129
Localities for Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce)
Showing 26 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Bottrill et al. (2024) |
Austria | |
| Kolitsch (2026) |
Brazil | |
| Excalibur Mineral Corp. - Mineral News |
Canada | |
| Papoutsa et al. (2013) |
| Mounce et al. (2020) |
| Sabina (1982) |
Finland | |
| Al-Ani et al. (2009) |
Germany | |
| Wittern (2001) |
India | |
| Patel et al. (2023) |
Italy | |
| Collection Giuseppe Finello (ID by Raman spectroscopy) +1 other reference |
Japan | |
| Minakawa et al. (1992) +1 other reference |
Mongolia | |
| complex evolution of REE-Nb minerals. Acta Geologica Polonica (3) +1 other reference |
| Kartashov P.M. et al. (Mongolian Altai) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) | |
Poland | |
| Mochnacka et al. (2015) +1 other reference |
Romania | |
| Hirtopanu (2006) |
| Szakáll et al. (2010) | |
Russia (TL) | |
| Pekov (1998) +1 other reference |
| Попова et al. (2019) |
| Konev et al. (2005) |
| Pekov (1998) +1 other reference |
| Kozlov +10 other references | |
Slovakia | |
| Ondrejka M. et al. (Western Carpathians, Slovakia) |
Sweden | |
| Bačík et al. (2012) +1 other reference |
| Taddei et al. (2025) |
USA | |
| Gammons et al. (2024) |
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