Hydroxylbastnäsite-(La)
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Hydroxylbastnäsite-(La)
Formula:
(La,Nd,Ce)(CO3)(OH,F)
Colour:
light brown, light honey-yellow, colourless
Lustre:
Vitreous, Greasy
Hardness:
4
Specific Gravity:
4.75
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Member of:
Name:
For the locality at the Bastnäs mines, Riddarhyttan, Skinnskatteberg, Västmanland, Sweden, plus the "Hydroxyl" prefix due to the dominance of the hydroxyl radical over fluorine and the "-(La)" suffix due to the dominance of lanthanum in the composition.
Co-Type Localities:
Dimorph of:
The hydroxyl analogue of Bastnäsite-(La); the lanthanum analogue of Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce) and Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Nd).
Chemically similar to lanthanite-(La).
Originally reported from Nissi bauxite deposit, Lokris, Fthiótis Prefecture, Sterea Hellas Department, Greece.
Final approval is based on material from the Vuoriyarvi complex.
Chemically similar to lanthanite-(La).
Originally reported from Nissi bauxite deposit, Lokris, Fthiótis Prefecture, Sterea Hellas Department, Greece.
Final approval is based on material from the Vuoriyarvi complex.
Name Encoding
ASCII-7:
Hydroxylbastnasite-(La)
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1996
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1996:1
Similar Names
| Hydroxylbastnäsite | ||
| Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce) | A valid IMA mineral species | Ce(CO3)(OH) |
| Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Nd) | A valid IMA mineral species | Nd(CO3)(OH) |
IMA Classification of Hydroxylbastnäsite-(La)
Approved
IMA Formula:
La(CO3)(OH)
Approval year:
2021
Approval history:
Pre-2021: Unnamed, but probably valid.
2021: Formally approved as a new species by IMA.
2021: Formally approved as a new species by IMA.
Type description reference:
Pekov, Igor V., Zubkova, Natalia V., Kasatkin, Anatoly V., Chukanov, Nikita V., Koshlyakova, Natalia N., Ksenofontov, Dmitry A., Škoda, Radek, Britvin, Sergey N., Kirillov, Anatoly S., Zaitsev, Anatoly N., et al. (2024) Hydroxylbastnäsite-(La), an “old new” bastnäsite-group mineral. Mineralogical Magazine, 1-28 doi:10.1180/mgm.2024.65
Classification of Hydroxylbastnäsite-(La)
5.BD.20a
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
B : Carbonates with additional anions, without H2O
D : With rare earth elements (REE)
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
B : Carbonates with additional anions, without H2O
D : With rare earth elements (REE)
16a.1.2.2
16a : ANHYDROUS CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
1 : (AB)(XO3)Zq
16a : ANHYDROUS CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
1 : (AB)(XO3)Zq
11.8.7
11 : Carbonates
8 : Carbonates of the rare earths
11 : Carbonates
8 : Carbonates of the rare earths
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Hbsn-La | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Hydroxylbastnäsite-(La)
Vitreous, Greasy
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
strong vitreous on crystal faces and greasy on broken surface
Colour:
Light brown, light honey-yellow, colourless
Streak:
White
Hardness:
4 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
None observed
Density:
4.75 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.778 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Hydroxylbastnäsite-(La)
Type:
Uniaxial (+)
RI values:
nω = 1.76(1) nε = 1.86(1)
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.100
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized uniaxial interference figure - the conoscopic
(convergent-light, Bertrand-lens-in) view, for a grain cut with the optic axis
centred and vertical. The coloured rings are isochromatics, computed with the
same physics as the Michel-Lévy bar above; the dark cross is the isogyre.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic
Chemistry of Hydroxylbastnäsite-(La)
Mindat Formula:
(La,Nd,Ce)(CO3)(OH,F)
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Hydroxylbastnäsite-(La)
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Class (H-M):
6 - Trigonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
P6
Cell Parameters:
a = 12.537(3) Å, c = 9.968(2) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.795
Unit Cell V:
1,356.83 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
18
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.98 Å | (39) |
| 3.616 Å | (88) |
| 2.926 Å | (100) |
| 2.089 Å | (41) |
| 2.052 Å | (46) |
| 1.927 Å | (40) |
| 1.701 Å | (24) |
| 1.319 Å | (20) |
Type Occurrence of Hydroxylbastnäsite-(La)
Co-Type Localities:
General Appearance of Type Material:
clusters (up to 1 mm) of light brown, honeyyellow or colourless hexagonal tabular to short-prismatic crystals up to 0.15 mm
light brown grains up to 0.2 mm included in massive aggregates of other LREE minerals:
light brown grains up to 0.2 mm included in massive aggregates of other LREE minerals:
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
collections of the Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 18-2, Moscow 119071, Russia, registration numbers 5644/1 (holotype) and 5660/1 (cotype)
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Pekov, Igor V., Zubkova, Natalia V., Kasatkin, Anatoly V., Chukanov, Nikita V., Koshlyakova, Natalia N., Ksenofontov, Dmitry A., Škoda, Radek, Britvin, Sergey N., Kirillov, Anatoly S., Zaitsev, Anatoly N., et al. (2024) Hydroxylbastnäsite-(La), an “old new” bastnäsite-group mineral. Mineralogical Magazine, 1-28 doi:10.1180/mgm.2024.65
Synonyms of Hydroxylbastnäsite-(La)
Other Language Names for Hydroxylbastnäsite-(La)
Dutch:Hydroxylbastnäsiet-(La)
German:Hydroxylbastnäsit-(La)
Relationship of Hydroxylbastnäsite-(La) to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Bastnäsite Group:
| Bastnäsite | (Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F | |
| Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce) | Ce(CO3)(OH) | Hex. 6 : P6 |
| Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Nd) | Nd(CO3)(OH) | Hex. 6m2 : P62c |
| Thorbastnäsite | ThCa(CO3)2F2 · 3H2O | Hex. 6m2 : P62c |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 2 photos of Hydroxylbastnäsite-(La) associated with Fluorbritholite-(Ce) | (Ce,Ca)5(SiO4)3F |
| 2 photos of Hydroxylbastnäsite-(La) associated with Allanite-(La) | (CaLa)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 1 photo of Hydroxylbastnäsite-(La) associated with Ferriallanite-(La) | (CaLa)(Fe3+AlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| 1 photo of Hydroxylbastnäsite-(La) associated with Bastnäsite-(Ce) | Ce(CO3)F |
| 1 photo of Hydroxylbastnäsite-(La) associated with Monazite-(Ce) | Ce(PO4) |
| 1 photo of Hydroxylbastnäsite-(La) associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 1 photo of Hydroxylbastnäsite-(La) associated with Lanthanite-(La) | La2(CO3)3 · 8H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 5.BD. | Cordylite-(La) | (Na,Ca)Ba(La,Ce,Sr)2(CO3)4F |
| 5.BD.05 | Cordylite-(Ce) | NaBaCe2(CO3)4F |
| 5.BD.05 | 'Unnamed (Cordylite-like Calcium-Barium-Cerium Carbonate-Fluoride)' | Ca◻Ba2Ce4[CO3]8F2 |
| 5.BD.05 | Lukechangite-(Ce) | Na3Ce2(CO3)4F |
| 5.BD.10 | 'Zhonghuacerite-(Ce)' | Ba2Ce(CO3)3F |
| 5.BD.10 | Kukharenkoite-(Ce) | Ba2Ce(CO3)3F |
| 5.BD.10 | Kukharenkoite-(La) | Ba2(La,Ce,Th)(CO3)3F |
| 5.BD.15 | Cebaite-(Ce) | Ba3Ce2(CO3)5F2 |
| 5.BD.15 | 'Cebaite-(Nd)' | Ba3(Nd,Ce)2(CO3)5F2 |
| 5.BD.18 | Arisite-(Ce) | NaCe2(CO3)2[F2x(CO3)1-x]F |
| 5.BD.18 | Arisite-(La) | NaLa2(CO3)2[F2x(CO3)1-x]F |
| 5.BD.20c | Synchysite-(Ce) | CaCe(CO3)2F |
| 5.BD.20c | Synchysite-(Nd) | CaNd(CO3)2F |
| 5.BD.20c | Synchysite-(Y) | CaY(CO3)2F |
| 5.BD.20a | Bastnäsite-(Ce) | Ce(CO3)F |
| 5.BD.20b | Parisite-(Ce) | CaCe2(CO3)3F2 |
| 5.BD.20a | Bastnäsite-(La) | La(CO3)F |
| 5.BD.20b | Parisite-(Nd) | Ca(Nd,Ce,La)2(CO3)3F2 |
| 5.BD.20a | Bastnäsite-(Y) | Y(CO3)F |
| 5.BD.20b | Parisite-(La) | CaLa2(CO3)3F2 |
| 5.BD.20d | Röntgenite-(Ce) | Ca2(Ce,La)3(CO3)5F3 |
| 5.BD.20a | Thorbastnäsite | ThCa(CO3)2F2 · 3H2O |
| 5.BD.20a | Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce) | Ce(CO3)(OH) |
| 5.BD.20a | Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Nd) | Nd(CO3)(OH) |
| 5.BD.20c | 'Hydroxylsynchysite-(Ce)' | Ca(Ce,La)(CO3)2(OH) |
| 5.BD.20c | 'Synchysite-(La)' | Ca(La,Nd)(CO3)2F |
| 5.BD.20a | Bastnäsite-(Nd) | Nd(CO3)F |
| 5.BD.25 | Qaqarssukite-(Ce) | Ba(Ce,REE)(CO3)2F |
| 5.BD.25 | Horváthite-(Y) | NaY(CO3)F2 |
| 5.BD.35 | Huanghoite-(Ce) | BaCe(CO3)2F |
| 5.BD.35 | Huanghoite-(Nd) | BaNd(CO3)2F |
| 5.BD.45 | Bayanoboite-(Y) | Ba2Y(CO3)2F3 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Hydroxylbastnäsite-(La)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1996.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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Mineral Dealers:
References for Hydroxylbastnäsite-(La)
Reference List:
Wakita, Hisanobu; Kinoshita, Setsuko (1979) A Synthetic Study of the Solid Solutions in the Systems and La2(CO3)3·8H2O-Ce2(CO3)3·8H2O and La(OH)CO3–Ce(OH)CO3. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, 52 (2). 428-432 doi:10.1246/bcsj.52.428
Sun, J., Kyotani, T., Tomita, A. (1986) Preparation and characterization of lanthanum carbonate hydroxide. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 65. 94-99 doi:10.1016/0022-4596(86)90093-9
Hsu, L. C. (1992) Synthesis and stability of bastnaesites in a part of the system (Ce,La)-F-H-C-O. Mineralogy and Petrology, 47 (1) 87-101 doi:10.1007/bf01165299
Michiba, Kiyonori, Tahara, Takeshi, Nakai, Izumi, Miyawaki, Ritsuro, Matsubara, Satoshi (2011) Crystal structure of hexagonal RE(CO3)OH. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 226 (6). 518-530 doi:10.1524/zkri.2011.1222
Miyawaki, Ritsuro, Hatert, Frédéric, Pasero, Marco, Mills, Stuart J. (2021) IMA Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC) – Newsletter 61. European Journal of Mineralogy, 33 (3) 299-304 doi:10.5194/ejm-33-299-2021
Pekov, Igor V., Zubkova, Natalia V., Kasatkin, Anatoly V., Chukanov, Nikita V., Koshlyakova, Natalia N., Ksenofontov, Dmitry A., Škoda, Radek, Britvin, Sergey N., Kirillov, Anatoly S., Zaitsev, Anatoly N., et al. (2024) Hydroxylbastnäsite-(La), an “old new” bastnäsite-group mineral. Mineralogical Magazine, 1-28 doi:10.1180/mgm.2024.65
Localities for Hydroxylbastnäsite-(La)
Showing 11 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Canada | |
| Pavel Kartashov analytical data 2011 |
Greece | |
| Pantó et al. (2001) +1 other reference |
India | |
| Patel et al. (2023) |
Namibia | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2012) |
Norway | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2011) |
Russia (TL) | |
| Pekov (1998) +1 other reference |
| Попова et al. (2019) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2011) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Miyawaki et al. (2021) +1 other reference |
Slovakia | |
| Ondrejka M. et al. (Western Carpathians, Slovakia) |
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Frikstad 03 Feldspar Quarry, Frikstad, Iveland, Agder, Norway