Ewaldite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Ewaldite
Paul Peter Ewald
Formula:
Ba(Na,Ca,Y,Ce,K)(CO3)2 · 2.6H2O
Colour:
Bluish green, pale greenish gray
Specific Gravity:
3.25 - 5
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Member of:
Name:
Named in honor of Paul Peter Ewald (23 January 1888, Berlin, Germany – 22 August 1985, Ithaca, New York, USA), physicist, crystallographer, and Professor at the Polytechnic Institute of New York, Brooklyn, New York,
USA. He was a pioneer in the field of X-ray diffraction and founded the journal Acta Crystallographica.
USA. He was a pioneer in the field of X-ray diffraction and founded the journal Acta Crystallographica.
Type Locality:
This page provides mineralogical data about Ewaldite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1429
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1429:4
IMA Classification of Ewaldite
Approved
IMA Formula:
BaCa(CO3)2·2.6H2O
Approval year:
1969
First published:
1971
Approval history:
IMA1969-013
Classification of Ewaldite
5.CC.05
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
C : Carbonates without additional anions, with H2O
C : With rare earth elements (REE)
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
C : Carbonates without additional anions, with H2O
C : With rare earth elements (REE)
14.2.4.1
14 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL CARBONATES
2 : AB(XO3)2
14 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL CARBONATES
2 : AB(XO3)2
11.8.19
11 : Carbonates
8 : Carbonates of the rare earths
11 : Carbonates
8 : Carbonates of the rare earths
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Ew | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Ewaldite
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Bluish green, pale greenish gray
Density:
3.25 - 5 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.37 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
measured on impure material
Optical Data of Ewaldite
Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.646 nε = 1.572
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.074
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized uniaxial interference figure - the conoscopic
(convergent-light, Bertrand-lens-in) view, for a grain cut with the optic axis
centred and vertical. The coloured rings are isochromatics, computed with the
same physics as the Michel-Lévy bar above; the dark cross is the isogyre.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
O = dark bluish green; E = pale yellowish green
Chemistry of Ewaldite
Mindat Formula:
Ba(Na,Ca,Y,Ce,K)(CO3)2 · 2.6H2O
Element Weights:
Common Impurities:
TR,La,Pr,Nd,Gd,Tb,Dy
Crystallography of Ewaldite
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Class (H-M):
6mm - Dihexagonal Pyramidal
Space Group:
P63mc
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.31 Å, c = 12.83 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 2.416
Unit Cell V:
313.29 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0015637 | Ewaldite | Donnay G, Preston H (1971) Ewaldite, a new barium calcium carbonate II. Its crystal structure Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 15 201-212 | 1971 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.135 Å | (100) |
| 2.044 Å | (90) |
| 2.024 Å | (90) |
| 2.655 Å | (80) |
| 2.626 Å | (80) |
| 4.340 Å | (70) |
| 1.609 Å | (60) |
Comments:
Vuoriyarvi complex, Kola Peninsula, Russia. Data from Voloshin et al. (1992).
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks | |
| 36 : Carbonatites, kimberlites, and related igneous rocks |
Type Occurrence of Ewaldite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
The Natural History Museum, London, England, 1971,137.
National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian), Washington, D.C., USA, 121 683.
National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian), Washington, D.C., USA, 121 683.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Ewaldite
Other Language Names for Ewaldite
Relationship of Ewaldite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Mckelveyite Group:
| Alicewilsonite-(YCe) | Na2Sr2YCe(CO3)6 · 3H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Alicewilsonite-(YLa) | Na2Sr2YLa(CO3)6 · 3H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Bainbridgeite-(NdCe) | Na2Ba2NdCe(CO3)6 · 3H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Bainbridgeite-(YCe) | Na2Ba2YCe(CO3)6 · 3H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Donnayite-(Y) | NaCaSr3Y(CO3)6 · 3H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Mckelveyite-(Nd) | NaCaBa3Nd(CO3)6 · 3H2O | Mon. m : Bb |
| Mckelveyite-(Y) | NaCaBa3Y(CO3)6 · 3H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Weloganite | Na2Sr3Zr(CO3)6 · 3H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 30 photos of Ewaldite associated with Donnayite-(Y) | NaCaSr3Y(CO3)6 · 3H2O |
| 6 photos of Ewaldite associated with Harmotome | Ba2(Si12Al4)O32 · 12H2O |
| 2 photos of Ewaldite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
| 1 photo of Ewaldite associated with Burbankite | (Na,Ca)3(Sr,Ba,Ce)3(CO3)5 |
| 1 photo of Ewaldite associated with Rinkite-(Ce) | (Ca3Ce)Na(NaCa)Ti(Si2O7)2(OF)F2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 5.CC. | Bainbridgeite-(NdCe) | Na2Ba2NdCe(CO3)6 · 3H2O |
| 5.CC. | Yuchuanite-(Y) | Y2(CO3)3 · H2O |
| 5.CC. | Alicewilsonite-(YCe) | Na2Sr2YCe(CO3)6 · 3H2O |
| 5.CC.05 | Donnayite-(Y) | NaCaSr3Y(CO3)6 · 3H2O |
| 5.CC.05 | Alicewilsonite-(YLa) | Na2Sr2YLa(CO3)6 · 3H2O |
| 5.CC.05 | Mckelveyite-(Nd) | NaCaBa3Nd(CO3)6 · 3H2O |
| 5.CC.05 | Mckelveyite-(Y) | NaCaBa3Y(CO3)6 · 3H2O |
| 5.CC.05 | 'UM1992-05-CO:CaCeLaNaSr' | (Sr,Na,Y,REE,Ca,Ba)2(CO3)2 · H2O |
| 5.CC.05 | Weloganite | Na2Sr3Zr(CO3)6 · 3H2O |
| 5.CC.05 | Mckelveyite Group | A3B3(CO3)6 · 3H2O |
| 5.CC.05 | Bainbridgeite-(YCe) | Na2Ba2YCe(CO3)6 · 3H2O |
| 5.CC.05 | 'Unnamed (MSH UK-37A)' | Sr3NaCaY(CO3)6 · 3H2O |
| 5.CC.10 | Tengerite-(Y) | Y2(CO3)3 · 2-3H2O |
| 5.CC.15 | Lokkaite-(Y) | Ca(Y,Gd,Nd,Dy)4(CO3)7 · 9H2O |
| 5.CC.15 | Kimuraite-(Y) | Ca(Y,Nd)2(CO3)4 · 6H2O |
| 5.CC.15 | Hizenite-(Y) | Ca2Y6(CO3)11 · 14H2O |
| 5.CC.20 | Shomiokite-(Y) | Na3Y[CO3]3 · 3H2O |
| 5.CC.25 | Lanthanite-(Ce) | Ce2(CO3)3 · 8H2O |
| 5.CC.25 | Lanthanite-(La) | La2(CO3)3 · 8H2O |
| 5.CC.25 | Lanthanite-(Nd) | Nd2(CO3)3 · 8H2O |
| 5.CC.25 | Calkinsite-(Ce) | (Ce,La)2(CO3)3 · 4H2O |
| 5.CC.30 | Adamsite-(Y) | NaY[CO3]2 · 6H2O |
| 5.CC.35 | Decrespignyite-(Y) | Cu(Y,REE)4(CO3)4(OH)5Cl · 2H2O |
| 5.CC.40 | Galgenbergite-(Ce) | Ca(Ce,La,Nd)2(CO3)4 · H2O |
| 5.CC.45 | Lecoqite-(Y) | Na3Y(CO3)3 · 6H2O |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Ewaldite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1429.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Ewaldite
Reference List:
Donnay, Gabrielle, Donnay, J. D. H., Hey, M. H. (1971) Ewaldite, a new barium calcium carbonate. I. Occurrence of ewaldite in syntactic intergrowth with mackelveyite. TMPM Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 15 (3). 185-200 doi:10.1007/bf01087021
Donnay, Gabrielle, Preston, H. (1971) Ewaldite, a new barium calcium carbonate. II. Its crystal structure. TMPM Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 15 (3). 201-212 doi:10.1007/bf01087022
Donnay, Gabrielle, Donnay, J. D. H., Hey, M. H. (1971) Ewaldite, a new barium calcium carbonate. I. Occurrence of ewaldite in syntactic intergrowth with mackelveyite. TMPM Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 15 (3). 185-200 doi:10.1007/bf01087021
Nickel, Ernest H., Mandarino, Joseph A. (1987) Procedures involving the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names and guidelines on mineral nomenclature. American Mineralogist, 72 (9-10) 1031-1042
Localities for Ewaldite
Showing 10 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Canada | |
| MCDONALD (1989) +2 other references |
| Nadeau et al. (2014) |
Greenland | |
| Petersen et al. (2003) |
Russia | |
| Zaitsev et al. (1997) +3 other references |
| [World of Stones 95:5-6 +1 other reference |
| Belovitskaya et al. (2004) |
UK | |
| National Museum of Wales database +3 other references |
USA | |
| Wayne C. Shanks et al. (2012) | |
| Robin D. Tibbit (deceased) |
| Donnay et al. (1971) +2 other references |
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Dolyhir Quarry, Old Radnor, Powys, Wales, UK