Calkinsite-(Ce)
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Calkinsite-(Ce)
Frank C. Calkins
Formula:
(Ce,La)2(CO3)3 · 4H2O
Colour:
pale yellow
Hardness:
2½
Specific Gravity:
3.28
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named calkinsite by W.T. Pecora and J.H. Kerr in honor of Frank Cathcart Calkins (7 June 1878, East Rockport, Ohio, USA – 1974), geologist with the U.S. Geological Survey. The suffix "-(Ce)" designates the dominant rare earth element in the composition and was added to the name in 1987.
This page provides mineralogical data about Calkinsite-(Ce).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
867
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:867:3
IMA Classification of Calkinsite-(Ce)
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Ce3+2(CO3)3·4H2O
First published:
1953
Classification of Calkinsite-(Ce)
5.CC.25
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
C : Carbonates without additional anions, with H2O
C : With rare earth elements (REE)
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
C : Carbonates without additional anions, with H2O
C : With rare earth elements (REE)
15.4.1.1
15 : HYDRATED NORMAL CARBONATES
4 : AmBn(XO3)p·xH2O, with (m+n):p < 1:1
15 : HYDRATED NORMAL CARBONATES
4 : AmBn(XO3)p·xH2O, with (m+n):p < 1:1
11.8.1
11 : Carbonates
8 : Carbonates of the rare earths
11 : Carbonates
8 : Carbonates of the rare earths
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Clk-Ce | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Calkinsite-(Ce)
Colour:
Pale yellow
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Perfect
{010} perfect, {101} distinct
{010} perfect, {101} distinct
Parting:
[001], parting
Density:
3.28(1) g/cm3 (Measured)
Optical Data of Calkinsite-(Ce)
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.569 nβ = 1.657 nγ = 1.686
2V:
Measured: 54° , Calculated: 56°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.117
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r > v or r < v
Optical Extinction:
X = b; Y = c; Z = a.
Comments:
X:b (yellow), Y:c (colorless), Z:a (colorless)
Chemistry of Calkinsite-(Ce)
Mindat Formula:
(Ce,La)2(CO3)3 · 4H2O
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Calkinsite-(Ce)
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.57(2) Å, b = 12.65(8) Å, c = 8.94(2) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.757 : 1 : 0.707
Unit Cell V:
1,082.28 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Twinning:
Common on {101}
Comment:
space group P21 221 or D32. class P2/m 2/m 2/m
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 6.54 Å | (100b) |
| 3.27 Å | (50) |
| 4.78 Å | (40) |
| 4.49 Å | (40) |
| 2.931 Å | (30b) |
| 2.128 Å | (30) |
| 2.115 Å | (30) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47) | |
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates] |
Type Occurrence of Calkinsite-(Ce)
General Appearance of Type Material:
platy habit parallel to {010 }
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
U. S. National Museum, Washington, D. C.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
occur in shonkinite, mafic monzonite, and syenite
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Other Language Names for Calkinsite-(Ce)
Dutch:Calkinsiet-(Ce)
German:Calkinsit-(Ce)
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 2 photos of Calkinsite-(Ce) associated with Sanidine | K(AlSi3O8) |
| 2 photos of Calkinsite-(Ce) associated with Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 5.CC. | Bainbridgeite-(NdCe) | Na2Ba2NdCe(CO3)6 · 3H2O |
| 5.CC. | Yuchuanite-(Y) | Y2(CO3)3 · H2O |
| 5.CC. | Alicewilsonite-(YCe) | Na2Sr2YCe(CO3)6 · 3H2O |
| 5.CC.05 | Donnayite-(Y) | NaCaSr3Y(CO3)6 · 3H2O |
| 5.CC.05 | Alicewilsonite-(YLa) | Na2Sr2YLa(CO3)6 · 3H2O |
| 5.CC.05 | Mckelveyite-(Nd) | NaCaBa3Nd(CO3)6 · 3H2O |
| 5.CC.05 | Mckelveyite-(Y) | NaCaBa3Y(CO3)6 · 3H2O |
| 5.CC.05 | Ewaldite | Ba(Na,Ca,Y,Ce,K)(CO3)2 · 2.6H2O |
| 5.CC.05 | 'UM1992-05-CO:CaCeLaNaSr' | (Sr,Na,Y,REE,Ca,Ba)2(CO3)2 · H2O |
| 5.CC.05 | Weloganite | Na2Sr3Zr(CO3)6 · 3H2O |
| 5.CC.05 | Mckelveyite Group | A3B3(CO3)6 · 3H2O |
| 5.CC.05 | Bainbridgeite-(YCe) | Na2Ba2YCe(CO3)6 · 3H2O |
| 5.CC.05 | 'Unnamed (MSH UK-37A)' | Sr3NaCaY(CO3)6 · 3H2O |
| 5.CC.10 | Tengerite-(Y) | Y2(CO3)3 · 2-3H2O |
| 5.CC.15 | Lokkaite-(Y) | Ca(Y,Gd,Nd,Dy)4(CO3)7 · 9H2O |
| 5.CC.15 | Kimuraite-(Y) | Ca(Y,Nd)2(CO3)4 · 6H2O |
| 5.CC.15 | Hizenite-(Y) | Ca2Y6(CO3)11 · 14H2O |
| 5.CC.20 | Shomiokite-(Y) | Na3Y[CO3]3 · 3H2O |
| 5.CC.25 | Lanthanite-(Ce) | Ce2(CO3)3 · 8H2O |
| 5.CC.25 | Lanthanite-(La) | La2(CO3)3 · 8H2O |
| 5.CC.25 | Lanthanite-(Nd) | Nd2(CO3)3 · 8H2O |
| 5.CC.30 | Adamsite-(Y) | NaY[CO3]2 · 6H2O |
| 5.CC.35 | Decrespignyite-(Y) | Cu(Y,REE)4(CO3)4(OH)5Cl · 2H2O |
| 5.CC.40 | Galgenbergite-(Ce) | Ca(Ce,La,Nd)2(CO3)4 · H2O |
| 5.CC.45 | Lecoqite-(Y) | Na3Y(CO3)3 · 6H2O |
Other Information
Notes:
Effervesces strongly in cold dilute (1:5) HCl.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Calkinsite-(Ce)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-867.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Calkinsite-(Ce)
Reference List:
Pecora, W. T., Kerr, Joe H. (1953) Burbankite and calkinsite, two new carbonate minerals from Montana. American Mineralogist, 38 (11-12) 1169-1183
Localities for Calkinsite-(Ce)
Showing 10 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Afghanistan | |
| Yeremenko et al. (1982) +2 other references |
Czech Republic | |
| Scharm +7 other references |
| Zimák et al. (2005) |
| Černý P. |
Italy | |
| Bazzoni C. et al. |
Japan | |
| Minakawa (1985) |
Russia | |
| И.И. et al. (2023) |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... |
USA (TL) | |
| Pecora et al. (1953) |
| Belovitskaya et al. (2004) |
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Vermiculite prospect No. 6, Big Sandy Creek, Bearpaw Mountains, Hill County, Montana, USA