Effenbergerite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Effenbergerite
Prof. Herta Effenberger
Formula:
BaCuSi4O10
Colour:
Blue
Lustre:
Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Resinous
Hardness:
4 - 5
Specific Gravity:
3.51 - 3.57
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Member of:
Name:
Named after Prof. Dr. Herta S. Effenberger (born 16 December 1954), mineralogist and crystallographer of the University of Vienna.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
6911
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:6911:9
IMA Classification of Effenbergerite
Approved
IMA Formula:
BaCu2+Si4O10
Approval year:
1993
First published:
1994
Classification of Effenbergerite
9.EA.05
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
A : Single nets of tetrahedra with 4-, 5-, (6-), and 8-membered rings
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
A : Single nets of tetrahedra with 4-, 5-, (6-), and 8-membered rings
71.2.3.3
71 : PHYLLOSILICATES Sheets of Six-Membered Rings
2 : Sheets of 6-membered rings with 2:1 layers
71 : PHYLLOSILICATES Sheets of Six-Membered Rings
2 : Sheets of 6-membered rings with 2:1 layers
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Efb | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Effenbergerite
Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Resinous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
Vitreous on cleavage planes, resinous on crystal faces and subvitreous on fracture surfaces.
Colour:
Blue
Comment:
Similar to linarite in color.
Streak:
Light blue
Hardness:
4 - 5 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect parallel to {001}. Also a very poor cleavage parallel {1l0} that is usually not readily recognized.
Perfect parallel to {001}. Also a very poor cleavage parallel {1l0} that is usually not readily recognized.
Fracture:
Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
3.51 - 3.57 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.52 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Effenbergerite
Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.633 nε = 1.593
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.040
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized uniaxial interference figure - the conoscopic
(convergent-light, Bertrand-lens-in) view, for a grain cut with the optic axis
centred and vertical. The coloured rings are isochromatics, computed with the
same physics as the Michel-Lévy bar above; the dark cross is the isogyre.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
Dispersion:
Weak, r > v
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
Dark blue in O and pale blue to nearly colorless in E.
Chemistry of Effenbergerite
Mindat Formula:
BaCuSi4O10
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Effenbergerite
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) - Ditetragonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
P4/ncc
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.44 Å, c = 16.13 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 2.168
Unit Cell V:
892.85 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
The form {001} is always present, at least as a cleavage plane. Sometimes the forms {100}, {1l0}, and {102} are developed.
Twinning:
Not observed in type material.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0018775 | Effenbergerite | Knight K S, Henderson C M B, Clark S M (2010) Structural variations in the wesselsite-effenbergerite (Sr1-xBaxCuSi4O10) solid solution European Journal of Mineralogy 22 411-423 | 2010 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
| 0018774 | Effenbergerite | Knight K S, Henderson C M B, Clark S M (2010) Structural variations in the wesselsite-effenbergerite (Sr1-xBaxCuSi4O10) solid solution European Journal of Mineralogy 22 411-423 | 2010 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
| 0018773 | Effenbergerite | Knight K S, Henderson C M B, Clark S M (2010) Structural variations in the wesselsite-effenbergerite (Sr1-xBaxCuSi4O10) solid solution European Journal of Mineralogy 22 411-423 | 2010 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
| 0018763 | Effenbergerite | Giester G, Rieck B (1994) Effenbergerite, BaCu[Si4O10], a new mineral from the Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa: description and crystal structure Mineralogical Magazine 58 663-670 |  | 1994 | Wessels mine, Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa | 0 | 293 |
| 0013767 | Effenbergerite | Chakoumakos B C, Fernandez-Baca J A, Boatner L A (1993) Refinement of the structures of the layer silicates MCuSi4O10 (M=Ca,Sr,Ba) by Rietveld analysis of neutron powder diffraction data Journal of Solid State Chemistry 103 105-113 | 1993 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
| 0018736 | Effenbergerite | Janczak J, Kubiak R (1992) Refinement of the structure of barium copper silicate BaCu[Si4O10] at 300 K Acta Crystallographica C48 1299-1301 |  | 1992 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
| 0018737 | Effenbergerite | Lin H C, Liao F L, Wang S L (1992) Structure of BaCuSi4O10 Acta Crystallographica C48 1297-1299 | | 1992 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
| 0007206 | Effenbergerite | Knight K S, Henderson C M B (2007) Structural basis for the anomalous low-temperature thermal expansion behavior of the gillespite-structured phase Ba0.5Sr0.5CuSi4O10 European Journal of Mineralogy 19 189-200 | 2007 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0007205 | Effenbergerite | Knight K S, Henderson C M B (2007) Structural basis for the anomalous low-temperature thermal expansion behavior of the gillespite-structured phase Ba0.5Sr0.5CuSi4O10 European Journal of Mineralogy 19 189-200 | 2007 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0007204 | Effenbergerite | Knight K S, Henderson C M B (2007) Structural basis for the anomalous low-temperature thermal expansion behavior of the gillespite-structured phase Ba0.5Sr0.5CuSi4O10 European Journal of Mineralogy 19 189-200 | 2007 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0007203 | Effenbergerite | Knight K S, Henderson C M B (2007) Structural basis for the anomalous low-temperature thermal expansion behavior of the gillespite-structured phase Ba0.5Sr0.5CuSi4O10 European Journal of Mineralogy 19 189-200 | 2007 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0007202 | Effenbergerite | Knight K S, Henderson C M B (2007) Structural basis for the anomalous low-temperature thermal expansion behavior of the gillespite-structured phase Ba0.5Sr0.5CuSi4O10 European Journal of Mineralogy 19 189-200 | 2007 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0007201 | Effenbergerite | Knight K S, Henderson C M B (2007) Structural basis for the anomalous low-temperature thermal expansion behavior of the gillespite-structured phase Ba0.5Sr0.5CuSi4O10 European Journal of Mineralogy 19 189-200 | 2007 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0007200 | Effenbergerite | Knight K S, Henderson C M B (2007) Structural basis for the anomalous low-temperature thermal expansion behavior of the gillespite-structured phase Ba0.5Sr0.5CuSi4O10 European Journal of Mineralogy 19 189-200 | 2007 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0007199 | Effenbergerite | Knight K S, Henderson C M B (2007) Structural basis for the anomalous low-temperature thermal expansion behavior of the gillespite-structured phase Ba0.5Sr0.5CuSi4O10 European Journal of Mineralogy 19 189-200 | 2007 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 8.0624 Å | (100) |
| 3.1998 Å | (44) |
| 2.3943 Å | (41) |
| 4.0325 Å | (39) |
| 2.0169 Å | (34) |
| 3.5443 Å | (29) |
| 1.9466 Å | (22) |
| 2.6892 Å | (21) |
| 1.4802 Å | (21) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits |
Type Occurrence of Effenbergerite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Subhedral plates with maximum dimensions 8 x 8 x 0.1 mm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Institut fur Mineralogie und Kristallographie, University of Vienna, Austria, cat. no. 8H/OI-060#1.
Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C., USA, no. NMNH 170945.
Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C., USA, no. NMNH 170945.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Hydrothermal, with a maximum temperature of 450°C.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Effenbergerite
Other Language Names for Effenbergerite
Relationship of Effenbergerite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Gillespite Group:
| Cuprorivaite | CaCuSi4O10 | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/ncc |
| Gillespite | BaFe2+Si4O10 | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/ncc |
| Wesselsite | SrCuSi4O10 | Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/ncc |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 19 photos of Effenbergerite associated with Sugilite | KNa2Fe3+2Li3[Si12O30] |
| 11 photos of Effenbergerite associated with Scottyite | BaCu2Si2O7 |
| 10 photos of Effenbergerite associated with Lavinskyite | K(LiCu)Cu6(Si4O11)2(OH)4 |
| 9 photos of Effenbergerite associated with Pectolite | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) |
| 4 photos of Effenbergerite associated with Braunite | Mn2+Mn3+6(SiO4)O8 |
| 3 photos of Effenbergerite associated with Wesselsite | SrCuSi4O10 |
| 1 photo of Effenbergerite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 1 photo of Effenbergerite associated with Colinowensite | BaCuSi2O6 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.EA. | Hydroxymcglassonite-(K) | KSr4Si8O20(OH) · 8H2O |
| 9.EA. | Miyawakiite-(Y) | ◻Y4Fe2(Si8O20)(CO3)4(H2O)3 |
| 9.EA. | Bussyite-(Y) | (Y,REE,Ca)3(Na,Ca)6MnSi9Be5(O,OH,F)34 |
| 9.EA. | Hydroxyapophyllite-(NH4) | (NH4)Ca4(Si8O20)(OH)(H2O)8 |
| 9.EA. | Fluorapophyllite-(NH4) | NH4Ca4(Si8O20)F · 8H2O |
| 9.EA.05 | Gillespite | BaFe2+Si4O10 |
| 9.EA.05 | Cuprorivaite | CaCuSi4O10 |
| 9.EA.05 | Wesselsite | SrCuSi4O10 |
| 9.EA.07 | Fluorapophyllite-(Cs) | CsCa4(Si8O20)F · 8H2O |
| 9.EA.10 | Ekanite | Ca2ThSi8O20 |
| 9.EA.15 | Fluorapophyllite-(Na) | NaCa4(Si8O20)F · 8H2O |
| 9.EA.15 | Fluorapophyllite-(K) | KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O |
| 9.EA.15 | Hydroxyapophyllite-(K) | KCa4(Si8O20)(OH,F) · 8H2O |
| 9.EA.20 | Magadiite | Na2Si14O29 · 11H2O |
| 9.EA.25 | Dalyite | K2ZrSi6O15 |
| 9.EA.25 | Davanite | K2TiSi6O15 |
| 9.EA.30 | Sazhinite-(La) | Na3La[Si6O15] · 2H2O |
| 9.EA.30 | Sazhinite-(Ce) | Na3CeSi6O15 · 2H2O |
| 9.EA.35 | Armstrongite | CaZr[Si6O15] · 3H2O |
| 9.EA.40 | Okenite | Ca10Si18O46 · 18H2O |
| 9.EA.45 | Perettiite-(Y) | Y2Mn4FeSi2B8O24 |
| 9.EA.45 | Nekoite | Ca3Si6O15 · 7H2O |
| 9.EA.45 | Badakhshanite-(Y) | Y2Mn4Al(Si2B7BeO24) |
| 9.EA.47 | Shlykovite | KCa[Si4O9(OH)] · 3H2O |
| 9.EA.50 | Diegogattaite | Na2CaCu2Si8O20 · H2O |
| 9.EA.50 | Cavansite | Ca(VO)Si4O10 · 4H2O |
| 9.EA.52 | Yangite | PbMnSi3O8 · H2O |
| 9.EA.55 | Pentagonite | Ca(VO)Si4O10 · 4H2O |
| 9.EA.60 | Penkvilksite | Na4Ti2Si8O22 · 4H2O |
| 9.EA.60 | Tumchaite | Na2Zr(Si4O11) · 2H2O |
| 9.EA.65 | Nabesite | Na2BeSi4O10 · 4H2O |
| 9.EA.70 | Ajoite | (K,Na)Cu7AlSi9O24(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 9.EA.75 | Zeravshanite | Na2Cs4Zr3[Si18O45]*2H2O |
| 9.EA.80 | Bussyite-(Ce) | (Ce,REE)3(Na,H2O)6MnSi9Be5(O,OH)30F4 |
| 9.EA.85 | Plumbophyllite | Pb2Si4O10 · H2O |
Fluorescence of Effenbergerite
Not fluorescent.
Other Information
Notes:
Insolubile in all common acids, except hydrofluoric acid.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Effenbergerite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-6911.html
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References for Effenbergerite
Reference List:
Janczak, J., Kubiak, R., Głowiak, T. (1990) Structure of barium copper pyrosilicate at 300 K. Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications, 46 (8) 1383-1385 doi:10.1107/s0108270189012618
Lin, H. C., Liao, F. L., Wang, S. L. (1992) Structure of BaCuSi4O10. Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications, 48 (7) 1297-1299 doi:10.1107/s0108270192001203
Janczak, J., Kubiak, R. (1992) Refinement of the structure of barium copper silicate BaCu[Si4O10] at 300 K. Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications, 48 (7) 1299-1301 doi:10.1107/s0108270191014580
Chakoumakos, Bryan C., Fernandez-Baca, Jaime A., Boatner, Lynn A. (1993) Refinement of the Structures of the Layer Silicates MCuSi4O10 (M = Ca, Sr, Ba) by Rietveld Analysis of Neutron Powder Diffraction Data. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 103. 105-113 doi:10.1006/jssc.1993.1083
Giester, G., Rieck, B. (1994) Effenbergerite, BaCu[Si4O10], a new mineral from the Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa: description and crystal structure. Mineralogical Magazine, 58 (393) 663-670 doi:10.1180/minmag.1994.058.393.17
Jambor, John L., Pertsev, Nikolai N., Roberts, Andrew C. (1995) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 80 (7-8). 845-850
Localities for Effenbergerite
Showing 1 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
South Africa (TL) | |
| Giester et al. (1994) |
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Wessels Mine, Joe Morolong Local Municipality, John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa