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Braunite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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08564500017531128009383.jpg
Braunite

N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Joe Morolong Local Municipality, John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
03968310017362657066781.jpg
Braunite, etc.

Caspar quarry, Ettringen, Vordereifel, Mayen-Koblenz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
07946850017272008504663.jpg
Braunite

Wessels Mine, Joe Morolong Local Municipality, John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
03827190017271921679157.jpg
Braunite

N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Joe Morolong Local Municipality, John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
06168950017866377189570.jpg
Braunite, etc.

Caspar quarry, Ettringen, Vordereifel, Mayen-Koblenz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
09259500017866377297777.jpg
Braunite

Wessels Mine, Joe Morolong Local Municipality, John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
03827190017271921679157.jpg
Braunite

N'Chwaning II Mine, N'Chwaning Mines, Joe Morolong Local Municipality, John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
03339080017531126791560.jpg
Braunite, etc.

Caspar quarry, Ettringen, Vordereifel, Mayen-Koblenz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
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About BrauniteHide

Formula:
Mn2+Mn3+6(SiO4)O8
Colour:
Brownish black, steel-grey
Lustre:
Sub-Metallic
Hardness:
6 - 6½
Specific Gravity:
4.72 - 4.83
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Member of:
Braunite Group
Name:
After Wilhelm von Braun (* 1. October 1790 in Thal (Ruhla); † 6. February 1872 in Gotha), official and minister in Gotha, Germany, supporter of geology and mineralogy. He supplied the original material for the description of braunite.
The Mn2+ analogue of neltnerite.

Compare also braunite-II.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
757
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:757:7

Similar NamesHide

BarneiteA rock subtype
BarroniteA valid IMA mineral species(◻0.5Ba0.5)(UO2)2Si5O12(OH) · 2H2O
BerauniteA valid IMA mineral species - grandfatheredFe63+(PO4)4O(OH)4 · 6H2O
BiruniteA valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered - questionableCa18(SiO3)8.5(CO3)8.5SO4 · 15H2O(?)
BorniteA valid IMA mineral species - grandfatheredCu5FeS4
Bornite (of Pinkerton)A rock subtype
Braunite-IIValid as an unnamed mineralCa(Mn3+,Fe)14(SiO4)O20
BrianiteA valid IMA mineral speciesNa2CaMg(PO4)2
BrowneiteA valid IMA mineral speciesMnS

IMA Classification of BrauniteHide

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Mn2+Mn3+6SiO12

Classification of BrauniteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):
9.AG.05

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
G : Nesosilicates with additional anions; cations in > [6] +- [6] coordination
Dana 8th ed.:
7.5.1.3

7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
5 : (AB)2X3
Hey's CIM Ref.:
14.17.3

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
17 : Silicates of Mn

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference for Standard
BntIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
BntThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of BrauniteHide

Lustre:
Sub-Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Brownish black, steel-grey
Streak:
Black
Hardness:
6 - 6½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=920 - 1079 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
{112} perfect.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
4.72 - 4.83 g/cm3 (Measured)    4.86 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of BrauniteHide

Anisotropism:
Weak in air, distinct in oil - dark to lighter slate gray.
Reflectivity:
WavelengthR1 (%)R2 (%)
400nm23.4%25.4%
420nm22.7%24.5%
440nm22.0%23.6%
460nm21.5%22.9%
480nm21.0%22.4%
500nm20.5%21.9%
520nm20.0%21.5%
540nm19.6%21.2%
560nm19.3%20.9%
580nm19.0%20.6%
600nm18.8%20.3%
620nm18.6%20.0%
640nm18.5%19.8%
660nm18.3%19.6%
680nm18.2%19.5%
700nm18.1%19.4%


Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 25.4%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
Grayish white with a brownish tinge.

Chemistry of BrauniteHide

Mindat Formula:
Mn2+Mn3+6(SiO4)O8
Element Weights:
Element% weight
Mn63.602 %
O31.753 %
Si4.645 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.
Mn
O
Si
Elements listed:
Mn, O, Si - search for minerals with similar chemistry
Common Impurities:
Fe,Ca,B,Ba,Ti,Al,Mg

Crystallography of BrauniteHide

Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) - Ditetragonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
I41/acd
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.432 Å, c = 18.703 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 1.983
Unit Cell V:
1,663.87 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
8
Morphology:
Pyramidal {011} and {131}; pseudo-octahedral. Striated on {001} and {201} parallel to [010]. Granular massive.
Twinning:
On {112} producing a combination with only a small reentrant angle (0°18') on е{011}.
Comment:
Cell from de Villiers (1975). Cell dimensions variable: a = 9.36-9.45, c = 18.60-18.97 Å.

Crystallographic forms of BrauniteHide

Crystal Atlas:
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Braunite no.9 - {112} - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
View 3D crystal model
Braunite no.20 - {112} - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
View 3D crystal model
Braunite no.23 - {112} - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by www.smorf.nl.

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Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0000788Braunitede Villiers J P R (1980) The crystal structure of braunite II and its relation to bixbyite and braunite American Mineralogist 65 756-7651980Wessels mine, near Hotazel, South Africa0293
0008124BrauniteMiletich R, Allan D R, Angel R J (1998) Structural control of polyhedral compression in synthetic braunite, Mn2+Mn3+6O8SiO4 Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 25 183-19219980.0001293
0008123BrauniteMiletich R, Allan D R, Angel R J (1998) Structural control of polyhedral compression in synthetic braunite, Mn2+Mn3+6O8SiO4 Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 25 183-19219980.0001293
0000543BrauniteMoore P B, Araki T (1976) Braunite: its structure and relationship to bixbyite, and some insights on the genealogy of fluorite derivative structures American Mineralogist 61 1226-124019760293
0000484Braunitede Villiers J P R (1975) The crystal structure of braunite with reference to its solid-solution behavior American Mineralogist 60 1098-110419750293
0008125BrauniteMiletich R, Allan D R, Angel R J (1998) Structural control of polyhedral compression in synthetic braunite, Mn2+Mn3+6O8SiO4 Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 25 183-19219981.38293
0008126BrauniteMiletich R, Allan D R, Angel R J (1998) Structural control of polyhedral compression in synthetic braunite, Mn2+Mn3+6O8SiO4 Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 25 183-19219982.66293
0008127BrauniteMiletich R, Allan D R, Angel R J (1998) Structural control of polyhedral compression in synthetic braunite, Mn2+Mn3+6O8SiO4 Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 25 183-19219984.51293
0008128BrauniteMiletich R, Allan D R, Angel R J (1998) Structural control of polyhedral compression in synthetic braunite, Mn2+Mn3+6O8SiO4 Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 25 183-19219985.63293
0008129BrauniteMiletich R, Allan D R, Angel R J (1998) Structural control of polyhedral compression in synthetic braunite, Mn2+Mn3+6O8SiO4 Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 25 183-19219987.69293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Loading XRD data...
Data Set:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
2.72 Å(100)
1.656 Å(70)
2.14 Å(50)
2.35 Å(40)
1.420 Å(40)
1.074 Å(40)
3.49 Å(30)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
High-? alteration and/or metamorphism
32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event<2.4
47e : [Vanadates, chromates, manganates]
47h : [Near-surface oxidized, dehydrated minerals]
Geological Setting:
Metamorphism of manganese silicates and weathering product.

Type Occurrence of BrauniteHide

Synonyms of BrauniteHide

Other Language Names for BrauniteHide

Relationship of Braunite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Braunite Group
Other Members of Braunite Group:
AbswurmbachiteCuMn3+6(SiO4)O8Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/acd
'Braunite-II'Ca(Mn3+,Fe)14(SiO4)O20Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/acd
GatedaliteZrMn2+2Mn3+4SiO12Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/acd
NeltneriteCaMn3+6(SiO4)O8Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/acd
SkogbyiteZr(Mg2Mn3+4)SiO12Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/acd

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:
85 photos of Braunite associated with CalciteCaCO3
45 photos of Braunite associated with PyrolusiteMn4+O2
44 photos of Braunite associated with QuartzSiO2
29 photos of Braunite associated with HausmanniteMn2+Mn3+2O4
27 photos of Braunite associated with BaryteBaSO4
23 photos of Braunite associated with Piemontite(CaCa)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
21 photos of Braunite associated with AndraditeCa3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
17 photos of Braunite associated with RhodoniteCaMn3Mn[Si5O15]
14 photos of Braunite associated with NamansiliteNaMn3+Si2O6
11 photos of Braunite associated with AlpeiteCa4Mn3+2Al2(Mn3+Mg)(SiO4)2(Si3O10)(V5+O4)(OH)6

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

9.AG.Aluminotaipingite-(CeCa)(Ce6Ca3)◻Al(SiO4)3[SiO3(OH)]4F3Trig. 3m : R3c
9.AG.'Ivanyukite-Na-T'Na2Ti4(SiO4)3(OH)O3 · 7H2OTrig. 3m : R3m
9.AG.'Ivanyukite-Na-C'Na2Ti4(SiO4)3(OH)2O2 · 6H2OIso. 43m : P43m
9.AG.EdgrewiteCa9(SiO4)4F2 Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.AG.02GatedaliteZrMn2+2Mn3+4SiO12Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/acd
9.AG.05AbswurmbachiteCuMn3+6(SiO4)O8Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/acd
9.AG.05NeltneriteCaMn3+6(SiO4)O8Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/acd
9.AG.05SkogbyiteZr(Mg2Mn3+4)SiO12Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/acd
9.AG.05'Braunite-II'Ca(Mn3+,Fe)14(SiO4)O20Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/acd
9.AG.10LångbaniteMn2+4Mn3+9Sb5+O16(SiO4)2Trig. 3m : P3m1
9.AG.12Taipingite-(CeCa)(Ce7Ca2)◻Mg(SiO4)3[SiO3(OH)]4F3Trig. 3m : R3c
9.AG.15ŻabińskiiteCa[Al0.5(Ta,Nb)0.5)]O(SiO4)Tric. 1
9.AG.15TitaniteCaTiO(SiO4)Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.AG.15VanadomalayaiteCaVO(SiO4)Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.AG.15Natrotitanite(Na0.5Y0.5)TiO(SiO4)Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.AG.15MalayaiteCaSnO(SiO4)Mon. 2/m
9.AG.20Ferricerite-(LaCa)(La6Ca3)◻Fe3+(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3Trig. 3m : R3c
9.AG.20Aluminocerite-(CeCa)(Ce6Ca3)◻Al(SiO4)3[SiO3(OH)]4(OH)3Trig. 3m : R3c
9.AG.20Cerite-(CeCa)(Ce7Ca2)◻Mg(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3Trig. 3m : R3c
9.AG.20Nipeiite-(Ce)Ce9Fe3+(SiO4)6[SiO3(OH)](OH)3Trig. 3m : R3c
9.AG.25'Yftisite-(Y)'(Y,Dy,Er)4(Ti,Sn)(SiO4)2O(F,OH)6
9.AG.25Mieite-(Y)Y4Ti(SiO4)2O[F,(OH)]6Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
9.AG.25Trimounsite-(Y)Y2Ti2(SiO4)O5Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.AG.30SitinakiteKNa2Ti4(SiO4)2O5(OH) · 4H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P42/mcm
9.AG.35KittatinnyiteCa2Mn2Mn(SiO4)2(OH)4 · 9H2OHex.
9.AG.40bParanatisiteNa2Ti(SiO4)OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pmma
9.AG.40aNatisiteNa2Ti(SiO4)OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m)
9.AG.45Törnebohmite-(Ce)Ce2Al(SiO4)2(OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.AG.45Törnebohmite-(La)La2Al(SiO4)2(OH)
9.AG.50Ivanyukite-NaNa2Ti4(SiO4)3(OH)2O2 · 6H2OTrig. 3m : R3m
9.AG.50Ivanyukite-KK2Ti4(SiO4)3(OH)2O2 · 9H2OIso. 43m : P43m
9.AG.50Ivanyukite-CuCuTi4(SiO4)3(OH)2O2 · 7H2OIso. 43m : P43m
9.AG.50Kuliokite-(Y)Y4Al(SiO4)2(OH)2F5Mon. m
9.AG.50HydroxyledgrewiteCa9(SiO4)4(OH)2 Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.AG.52Ulfanderssonite-(Ce)(Ce15Ca)Σ16Mg2(SiO4)10(SiO3OH)(OH,F)5Cl3Mon. m : Bm
9.AG.55ChantaliteCaAl2(SiO4)(OH)4Tet. 4/m : I41/a
9.AG.60VuagnatiteCaAl(SiO4)(OH)Orth. 222 : P212121
9.AG.60MozartiteCaMn3+(SiO4)(OH)Orth. 222 : P212121
9.AG.65HatruriteCa3(SiO4)OTrig.
9.AG.70JasmunditeCa11(SiO4)4O2STet. 42m : I4m2
9.AG.75AfwilliteCa3[SiO4][SiO2(OH)2] · 2H2OMon. m : Bb
9.AG.80BultfonteiniteCa2(HSiO4)F · H2OTric. 1 : P1
9.AG.85ZoltaiiteBaV4+2V3+12(SiO4)2O19Trig. 3 : P3
9.AG.90Tranquillityite(Fe2+,Ca)8(Zr,Y)2Ti3(SiO4)3O12Hex.

Other InformationHide

Notes:
Weakly magnetic.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for BrauniteHide

References for BrauniteHide

Reference List:
Haidinger, W. (1827): On the crystalline Forms and Properties of the Manganese Ores.- Edinburgh Journal of Science, IV, 41
Haidinger, W. (1828): Mineralogische Beschreibung der Manganerze. I. Prismatoïdisches Manganerz, Manganit. II. Pyramidales Manganerz, Hausmannit. III. Untheilbares Manganerz, Psilomelan. IV. Brachytypes Manganerz, Braunit. V. Prismatisches Manganerz, Pyrolusit.- Poggendorffs Annalen der Physik und Chemie 14, 197-211
Turner, E. (1831): Chemical Examination of the Oxides of Manganese.- Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Vol. II, 143-174
Breithaupt in Evreinov (1840), Ann. Phys.: 49: 204.
Switzer, George (1938) Crystallography of braunite from Nagpur, India. American Mineralogist, 23 (10) 649-653
Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1944) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 1 - Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, New York.pp.551-554
de Villiers, P. R., Herbstein, F. H. (1967) Distinction between two members of the braunite group. American Mineralogist, 52 (1-2) 20-30
Ramdohr, Paul (1969) The Ore Minerals and their Intergrowths. Pergamon Press, Oxford. 1174pp. doi:10.1016/c2013-0-10027-x
Hewett, D. F. (1972) Manganite, hausmannite, braunite: Features, modes of Origin. Economic Geology, 67 (1). 83-102 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.67.1.83
de Villiers, Johan P. R. (1975) The crystal structure of braunite with reference to its solid-solution behavior. American Mineralogist, 60 (11-12) 1098-1104
Moore, Paul B., Araki, Takaharu (1976) Braunite: its structure and relationship to bixbyite, and some insights on the genealogy of fluorite derivative structures. American Mineralogist, 61 (11-12) 1226-1240
de Villiers, Johan P. R. (1980) The crystal structure of braunite II and its relation to bixbyite and braunite. American Mineralogist, 65 (7-8) 756-765
Ostwald, J. (1982) Some observations on the mineralogy and genesis of braunite. Mineralogical Magazine, 46 (341) 506-507 doi:10.1180/minmag.1982.046.341.20
MOMOI, Hitoshi, HORIKAWA, Masatomo, FUJINO, Kiyoshi (1985) Synthesis and characterization of ferrian braunite. Mineralogical Journal, 12 (8) 367-375 doi:10.2465/minerj.12.367
Robie, Richard A., Huebner, J. Stephen, Hemingway, Bruce S. (1995) Heat capacities and thermodynamic properties of braunite (Mn7SiO12) and rhodonite (MnSiO3) American Mineralogist, 80 (5) 560-575 doi:10.2138/am-1995-5-615
Gutzmer, J., Beukes, N. J. (1997) Mineralogy and mineral chemistry of oxide-facies manganese ores of the Postmasburg manganese field, South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine, 61 (405) 213-231 doi:10.1180/minmag.1997.061.405.05 [on stacking model for the braunite group]
Marescotti, P., Frezzotti, M.L. (2000): Alteration of braunite ores from Eastern Ligeria (Italy) during syntectonic veining processes: mineralogy and fluid inclusions. European Journal of Mineralogy 12, 341-356.
(2001) Braunite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America
Bevan, D. J. M., Martin, R. L. (2008) The role of the coordination defect: A new structural description of four fluorite-related sesquioxide minerals, bixbyite (Mn2O3), braunite (Mn7SiO12), braunite II (CaMn14SiO24), parwelite (Mn10Sb2As2Si2O24), and their structural relationships. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 181. 2250-2259 doi:10.1016/j.jssc.2008.04.046

Localities for BrauniteHide

Showing 626 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Algeria
 
  • Skikda Province
    • Azzaba District
      • Es Sebt
Byramjee R.and Meindre M. (1956)
Australia
 
  • New South Wales
    • Forbes Co.
      • Grenfell
Huebner +6 other references
    • Inglis Co.
Kawachi et al. (1994)
  • Northern Territory
    • East Arnhem Region
      • Groote Eylandt
GEMCO (Groote Eylandt Mining Company Operation)
  • Queensland
    • Gympie Region
      • Amamoor Creek
Brooks (1962) +1 other reference
  • South Australia
    • Pastoral Unincorporated Area
      • Iron Knob
  • Western Australia
    • East Pilbara Shire
Williams +3 other references
      • Ripon Hills District
The Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (1977)
Meyers (2003, June) +1 other reference
Austria
 
  • Burgenland
    • Oberwart District
      • Badersdorf
Ertl (2002)
  • Carinthia
    • Sankt Veit an der Glan District
      • Friesach
        • Olsa
European Journal of Mineralogy 17 (1)
  • Salzburg
    • Hallein District
      • Kuchl
        • Hoher Göll
Strasser (1989)
    • Tamsweg District
      • Tweng
Kolitsch et al. (2015) +3 other references
Strasser (1989)
Kolitsch et al. (2025) +1 other reference
Exner (1989)
    • Zell am See District
      • Kaprun
        • Mooserboden reservoir
Strasser (1989)
      • Lofer
Strasser (1989)
      • Weissbach bei Lofer
Strasser (1989)
  • Tyrol
    • Innsbruck-Land District
      • Navis
Kolitsch et al. (2019)
      • Obernberg am Brenner
Kolitsch et al. (2018)
    • Lienz District
      • Kals am Großglockner
Meixner (1968)
        • Kals valley
Neinaveie (1979)
Bernhard et al. (2010)
      • Prägraten am Großvenediger
        • Dorferbach valley
Kolitsch (2017)
        • Timmelbach valley
Niedermayr (1986) +2 other references
    • Schwaz District
      • Gerlos
Purtscher (1964)
Belgium
 
  • Wallonia
    • Liège
      • Lierneux
        • Petit-Sart
Hatert et al. (2002) +1 other reference
      • Plombières
Buttgenbach (1947) +3 other references
    • Luxembourg
Kramm (1979) +1 other reference
Mélon et al. (1976) +1 other reference
Herbosch (1967) +3 other references
Bosnia and Herzegovina
 
  • Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
    • Sarajevo Canton
      • Ilijaš
Vujanovic (1962)
Brazil
 
  • Mato Grosso do Sul
    • Corumbá
      • Urucum massif
Schneider et al. (1983) +1 other reference
  • Minas Gerais
    • Ouro Preto
Ježek (1910)
Bulgaria
 
  • Burgas Province
    • Karnobat Municipality
Banushev et al. (1994)
  • Pazardzhik Province
    • Panagyurishte Municipality
Chavdarova et al. (2022)
Canada
 
  • British Columbia
    • Osoyoos Mining Division
      • Olalla
Thompson (1951)
    • Slocan Mining Division
      • Kaslo
personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description)
  • New Brunswick
    • Kings Co.
      • Markhamville
USGS: Geological Survey Circular 553
  • Nova Scotia
    • Inverness Co.
      • Meat Cove
The Nova Scotia Mineral Occurrence Database (MODB)
Chile
 
  • Antofagasta
    • Antofagasta Province
      • La Negra-Coquimbana district
Pincheira et al. (1990)
  • Coquimbo
    • Elqui Province
      • La Serena
Oyarzun et al. (1998)
        • Talcuna mining district
Oyarzun et al. (1998)
. Ruiz Fuller/F. Peebles (1988)
Oyarzun et al. (1998)
    • Limarí Province
      • Fragua district
C. Ruiz Fuller/F. Peebles (1988)
China
 
  • Chongqing
    • Chengkou Co.
Gongqin Zhang (1986)
  • Fujian
    • Longyan
      • Liancheng Co.
        • Liancheng Mn deposit
Huacai Chen (1989)
  • Gansu
    • Jiuquan
      • Guazhou Co.
National Geological Archives of China ...
      • Subei Co.
www.mineralmundi.com (2016)
  • Guangdong
    • Meizhou
Fengjun Ma (1986)
  • Guangxi
    • Chongzuo
      • Daxin Co.
Jinbang Wang (1987) +1 other reference
    • Fangchenggang
      • Fangcheng District
        • Qinzhou-Fangcheng Mn ore field
Yinsheng Lang et al. (2007)
    • Guigang
      • Guiping Co.
Jiuling Zhang (1982)
    • Guilin
      • Pingle Co.
Jiuling Zhang (1982)
    • Hechi
      • Yizhou District
 ... +2 other references
    • Laibin
      • Wuxuan Co.
Jiuling Zhang (1982)
    • Liuzhou
      • Liujiang Co.
Jiuling Zhang (1982)
    • Qinzhou
      • Qinbei District
        • Qinzhou-Fangcheng Mn ore field
Yinsheng Lang et al. (2007)
Yinsheng Lang et al. (2007)
Yinsheng Lang et al. (2007)
Yinsheng Lang et al. (2007)
  • Henan
    • Nanyang
      • Fangcheng County
Tianwei Guo and Zhongwen Han (1990)
  • Hubei
    • Huanggang
      • Luotian Co.
        • Hejiawan
Jingqu Yao (1992)
Jingqu Yao (1992)
    • Huangshi
      • Daye Co.
    • Wuhan
      • Huangpi District
Jingqu Yao (1992)
  • Hunan
    • Chenzhou
      • Guiyang Co.
        • Dafang Au-Ag-Pb-Zn deposit
Fushan Wang (1991)
Fushan Wang (1991)
    • Xiangtan
      • Yuhu District
Xiang Gao et al. (2003)
    • Yiyang
      • Heshan District
Hunan Metallurgical Geology Research Team 236 (1977) +1 other reference
    • Yongzhou
      • Lengshuitan District
Jiuling Zhang (1982)
      • Lingling District
Jiuling Zhang (1982)
  • Inner Mongolia
    • Chifeng City (Ulanhad League; Chifeng Prefecture)
      • Linxi County
        • Guandi
Baisheng Zhang (1998)
    • Xilingol League (Xilinguole Prefecture)
      • Erenhot City (Erlianhaote Co.)
Tongyun Song (1980)
  • Jiangxi
    • Jingdezhen
      • Leping Co.
Guilin Institute of Metallurgical Geology et al. (1976) +2 other references
  • Liaoning
    • Chaoyang
      • Chaoyang County
Guilin Metallurgical Institute of Geology (1976) +1 other reference
  • Qinghai
    • Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture
      • Qilian Co.
Jiuling Zhang (1982)
  • Shaanxi
    • Ankang
      • Ziyang County
Gongqin Zhang (1986) +1 other reference
    • Hanzhong
      • Hantai District
www.mineralmundi.com (2016)
      • Mian County
Zhongtang Yang et al. (2009)
      • Ningqiang County
Jiuling Zhang (1982) +2 other references
      • Xixiang County
Pingyi Wan (2002)
      • Zhenba County
Pingyi Wan (2002)
  • Sichuan
    • Dazhou
      • Wanyuan Co.
Pingyi Wan (2002)
Pingyi Wan (2002)
    • Leshan
      • Jinkouhe District
Xingfen Wang (1989) +1 other reference
    • Meishan
      • Hongya County
Hongjun Qu (1992)
    • Mianyang
      • Pingwu Co.
        • Mount Little Xuebaoding
          • Huya township
Jiuling Zhang (1982)
      • Youxian District
Jiuling Zhang (1982)
    • Ngawa Autonomous Prefecture (Aba Autonomous Prefecture)
      • Heishui Co.
Shengming Lu (1988) +1 other reference
    • Ya'an
      • Hanyuan County
Hongjun Qu (1992) +1 other reference
Hongjun Qu (1992)
  • Xinjiang
    • Akesu Prefecture
      • Kuqa Co.
Dong Wei (2007)
    • Bayin'gholin Autonomous Prefecture
      • Hejing Co. (Xejing Co.)
        • Baluntai
Jiuling Zhang (1982) +2 other references
    • Hami Prefecture (Kumul Prefecture; Qumul Prefecture)
      • Yizhou District
        • Yamansu
Weixuan Fang et al. (2006)
    • Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture
      • Altay Prefecture (Aletai Prefecture)
        • Qinghe Co. (Qinggil Co.; Chinggil Co.)
Ma (2005)
      • Zhaosu Co.
    • Kezilesu Autonomous Prefecture (Kizilsu Autonomous Prefecture; Qizilsu Autonomous Prefecture)
      • Wuqia Co. (Ulugqat Co.; Ulughchat Co.)
  • Yunnan
    • Dali
      • Heqing County
Hongjun Liu (1987) +1 other reference
Yang Yuchun (1996)
    • Honghe
      • Jianshui County
Hunan Metallurgical Geology Research Team 236 (1977) +1 other reference
    • Nujiang
      • Lanping County
        • Jinding Zn-Pb-Ag deposit (Lanping Mine)
Liu et al. (2025)
    • Wenshan
      • Yanshan County
Wenxin Yu (1980) +4 other references
Costa Rica
 
  • Guanacaste Province
    • Nicoya Canton
Halbach +4 other references
Czech Republic
 
  • Vysočina Region
    • Třebíč District
      • Kojetice
Novák et al. (2007)
Fiji
 
Skiba (1964)
Finland
 
  • South Ostrobothnia
    • Seinäjoki-Lapua
Alviola +1 other reference
France
 
  • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
    • Savoie
      • Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
        • Bessans
Chopin (1978)
        • Bonneval-sur-Arc
Chopin (1978) +1 other reference
  • Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
    • Haute-Saône
      • Lure
        • Esmoulières
          • Saphoz
Wittern et al. (1997)
Perseil (1975)
Perseil (1975)
  • Grand Est
    • Bas-Rhin
      • Sélestat-Erstein
        • Dambach-la-Ville
Wittern et al. (1997)
    • Vosges
      • Saint-Dié-des-Vosges
        • Gérardmer
Weil et al. (1958) +3 other references
  • Occitanie
    • Ariège
Perseil (1967)
    • Haute-Garonne
      • Saint-Gaudens
        • Boutx
Inventaire minéralogique de la France ...
    • Hautes-Pyrénées
De Ascenção Guedes et al. (2002)
        • Nabias
European J. Mineralogy
      • Bagnères-de-Bigorre
        • Vielle-Aure
Ragu (1994) +1 other reference
  • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
    • Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
      • Barcelonnette
        • Saint-Paul-sur-Ubaye
          • Maljasset
Bourbon et al. (1972)
    • Alpes-Maritimes
      • Grasse Arrondissement
Belot (1978) +1 other reference
Germany
 
  • Baden-Württemberg
    • Freiburg Region
      • Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald
        • Eisenbach
Walenta (1992)
Weiß (1990)
Walenta (1992)
      • Ortenaukreis
        • Lahr/Schwarzwald
          • Lahr/Schwarzwald
Walenta (1992)
      • Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis
        • Triberg im Schwarzwald
          • Gremmelsbach
Walenta (1992)
  • Bavaria
    • Lower Franconia
      • Aschaffenburg District
        • Sailauf
          • Hartkoppe
Lorenz (1991) +2 other references
  • Hesse
    • Darmstadt
      • Darmstadt-Dieburg
        • Mühltal
          • Nieder-Ramstadt
            • Kirchberg
Weiß (1990)
      • Odenwaldkreis
        • Reichelsheim
Petitjean et al. (2007)
  • Rhineland-Palatinate
    • Mayen-Koblenz
      • Vordereifel
        • Ettringen
Hentschel (1980)
    • Vulkaneifel
      • Kelberg
        • Drees
Schüller (1990)
  • Saxony-Anhalt
    • Mansfeld-Südharz
      • Mansfeld
Wittern (2001)
https://www.mineralienatlas.de/?l=503
  • Saxony
    • Erzgebirgskreis
  • Thuringia
    • Gotha District
USGS Bull 427
    • Ilm District
Wittern (2001)
      • Geratal
Wittern (2001)
      • Ilmenau
        • Langewiesen
Clark (1993)
Hans-Jürgen Haas collection
    • Nordhausen District
      • Ellrich
        • Sülzhayn
Gröbner et al. (2011)
      • Harztor
        • Ilfeld
https://www.mineralienatlas.de/?l=45826
Greece
 
  • Attica
    • East Attica
      • Marathon
Stouraiti et al. (2022)
  • Eastern Macedonia and Thrace
    • Thasos
Vason et al. (1993)
      • Theologos
Vason et al. (1993)
  • South Aegean
    • Andros
      • Vasiliko Mountain
Reinecke et al. (1985) +1 other reference
Reinecke (1982) +1 other reference
    • Paros
        • Vounia Lefkon
Tombros et al. (2023)
    • Syros-Ermoupoli
      • Syros
        • Gria Spilia
Altherr et al. (2013)
India
 
  • Andhra Pradesh
    • Visakhapatnam District
Roy (1960)
    • Vizianagaram District
Raju et al. (1972)
Sivaprakash (1980)
Sivaprakash (1981)
Sivaprakash (1980)
  • Gujarat
    • Panch Mahal District
Rasul (1965)
  • Indian Plate
    • Eastern Ghats Belt
Yadav (2022)
  • Karnataka
    • Ballari District
      • Bellary-Hospet iron belt
        • Sandur
Rao et al. (1979)
  • Madhya Pradesh
    • Jabalpur Division
Shukla +1 other reference
Sarkar (2015)
Roy (1962)
Dasgupta et al. (1987)
        • Tirodi
MIURA et al. (1987)
        • Ukwa
Shukla et al. (1973)
      • Chhindwara District
Roy et al. (1968) +1 other reference
Chemical abstracts
    • Jhabua District
Nayak (1966) +1 other reference
  • Maharashtra
    • Nagpur Division
      • Bhandara District
Dasgupta et al. (1984) +1 other reference
S.P. Deshpande (1959)
Bilgrami (1955)
Mineralogisches Museum Bonn specimen.
  • Odisha
    • Rayagada District
Acharya et al. (1997)
    • Sundargarh District (Sundergarh District)
Nicholson et al. (1997)
  • Telangana
    • Adilabad District
Rao +1 other reference
  • West Bengal
    • Purulia District
Mukherjee et al. (1975) +1 other reference
Indian Plate
 
Singh et al. (1991)
Indonesia
 
  • Bangka-Belitung Province
    • Belitung Island (Biliton Island)
      • East Belitung Regency
Schwartz (1990)
Iran
 
  • Isfahan Province
    • Ardestan County
Shahin et al. (2023)
    • Kashan County
Mousivand et al. (2018)
  • Sistan and Baluchestan Province
    • Zahedan County
      • Dehoo
Lotfi et al. (2017)
Ireland
 
  • Munster
    • Cork County
      • Glandore
Grennan
Italy
 
  • Aosta Valley
    • Fénis
      • Clavalité Valley
Castello (1981) +1 other reference
    • Gressan
      • Pila
Piccoli et al. (2007)
    • Nus
      • Saint-Barthélemy
Pelloux (1946) +1 other reference
    • Rhêmes-Notre-Dame
      • Rifugio Gian Federico Benevolo (Rifugio Benevolo)
Alessandro Cantamessa collection
    • Saint-Marcel
      • Servette-Chuc mining complex
Castello (1982) +1 other reference
  • Calabria
    • Cosenza Province
      • Mormanno
Ciampi (1918) +3 other references
  • Liguria
    • Genoa
      • Casarza Ligure
        • Bargone
Antofilli et al. (1983)
Antofilli et al. (1983)
      • Castiglione Chiavarese
Antofilli et al. (1983)
      • Ne
Redazionale (2005) +1 other reference
Antofilli et al. (1983)
        • Reppia
Pipino (1984) +1 other reference
        • Statale
Balestra (2016) +1 other reference
    • La Spezia Province
Antofilli et al. (1983)
      • Bonassola
Antofilli et al. (1983)
      • Borghetto di Vara
American Mineralogist: 86: 197. +1 other reference
      • Maissana
        • Monte Alpe
Castellaro et al. (2011)
Di Lisi S.
      • Rocchetta di Vara
Marchesini et al. (1997)
  • Lombardy
    • Sondrio Province
      • Lanzada
- (n.d.)
Bedognè et al. (1993) +2 other references
Bedogné et al. (1994)
      • Torre di Santa Maria
Bedognè et al. (1993)
  • Molise
    • Isernia Province
      • Roccamandolfi
Boni et al. (1976) +1 other reference
  • Piedmont
    • Alessandria Province
      • Molare
Antofilli et al. (1983)
    • Cuneo Province
      • Bellino
Piccoli et al. (2007) +1 other reference
      • Canosio
        • Vallone della Valletta
Cámara et al. (2014) +1 other reference
      • Frabosa Soprana
Piccoli et al. (2007)
      • Montaldo di Mondovì
        • Borgata Oberti
Beiträge zur Geologie der Schweiz +9 other references
      • Pontechianale
Piccoli (2002)
    • Metropolitan City of Turin
      • Ala di Stura
Baretti (1893)
      • Balme
        • Mussa Alp (Pian della Mussa; Piano della Mussa; La Mussa; Lamussa)
Barresi A.A. et al. (Piemonte)
      • Ceres
Maccario et al. (1970)
Ambrino et al. (2010)
        • Voragno
Maletto et al. (2014)
Maletto et al. (1976)
      • Mezzenile
Deidda et al. (2022)
Deidda et al. (2022)
      • Pragelato
Paolo Bosio find & collection
      • Salbertrand
Ambrino (Piero)
Barresi (1999)
M.E. Ciriotti (05/04/2008)
        • Feilongo
M.E. Ciriotti (05/04/2008)
      • Usseaux
Paolo Bosio find & collection
      • Usseglio
Deidda et al. (2022)
      • Viù
        • Col San Giovanni
Giovanni Fraccaro
    • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
      • Valstrona
        • Forno
Bertolani (1976)
    • Vercelli Province
      • Alagna Valsesia
        • Otro Valley
Peters et al. (1978)
  • Tuscany
    • Grosseto Province
      • Monte Argentario
Del Caldo et al. (1973)
    • Livorno Province
      • Campo nell'Elba
Orlandi P. & Pezzotta (1996)
    • Lucca Province
Biagioni C. (Alpi Apuane, Lucca) +1 other reference
Biagioni C. (Alpi Apuane, Lucca)
    • Massa-Carrara Province
      • Carrara
Di Giovanni (1981)
Di Giovanni (1981) +1 other reference
    • Metropolitan City of Florence
      • Firenzuola
De Michele (1974)
    • Siena Province
      • Cetona
REGIONE TOSCANA
      • Murlo
        • La Befa
Betti et al. (2000)
        • Pompana
R. Meli (1999)
Japan
 
  • Akita Prefecture
    • Kosaka
- (n.d.)
    • Odate
- (n.d.)
- (n.d.)
  • Aomori Prefecture
    • Higashitsugaru District
      • Imabetsu
- (n.d.)
  • Ehime Prefecture
    • Iyo district
      • Tobe-cho
Nakagawa et al. (2009)
    • Ouzu City
Fukushima et al. (2005) +1 other reference
Nishio–Hamane et al. (2018)
    • Saijo City
MINAKAWA et al. (1987)
    • Seiyo City
      • Nomura
- (n.d.)
      • Shirokawa
- (n.d.) +1 other reference
    • Shikokuchuo City
      • Doi
- (n.d.)
  • Fukushima Prefecture
    • Iwaki City
MATSUBARA et al. (1996)
- (n.d.)
  • Gifu Prefecture
Lee (1955)
  • Gunma Prefecture
    • Midori City
      • Seta
FUKUOKA et al. (1977)
  • Hokkaidō Prefecture
    • Okhotsk Subprefecture
      • Kitami City
Azami et al. (2025)
    • Oshima Subprefecture
      • Futami District
        • Yakumo
          • Kumaishi
Tomohiro Morishita (2011)
    • Sorachi Subprefecture
Suzaki et al. (1969)
    • Tokachi Subprefecture
      • Ashoro District
        • Ashoro
Azami et al. (2025)
      • Nakagawa District
Azami et al. (2025)
  • Hyogo Prefecture
    • Taka District
Yamada (2004)
  • Iwate Prefecture
    • Karumai
- (n.d.)
- (n.d.)
- (n.d.)
- (n.d.)
- (n.d.)
- (n.d.)
    • Kuji City
      • Yamagata-cho
- (n.d.)
      • Yamagata
- (n.d.)
- (n.d.)
- (n.d.)
- (n.d.)
- (n.d.)
    • Kunohe-gun
      • Hirono
        • Ono
Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. ...
      • Karumai
- (n.d.)
      • Kunohe
- (n.d.)
      • Noda
Crystal Vine specimen +1 other reference
    • Shimohei District
- (n.d.)
      • Iwaizumi
- (n.d.)
      • Tanohata
MATSUBARA et al. (1985) +1 other reference
Nagase et al. (2012)
- (n.d.)
      • Yamada-machi
- (n.d.)
      • Yamada
- (n.d.)
- (n.d.)
  • Kagoshima Prefecture
    • Oshima District
      • Yamato village
Introduction to Japanese Minerals (Geological Survey of Japan, 1970) +1 other reference
  • Kanagawa Prefecture
    • Ashigarakami District
      • Yamakita
Yamada (2004)
    • Hadano City
Mineralogical Journal Vol. 17 (1994)
  • Kochi Prefecture
Masaki Enami (1986)
    • Nankoku city
Masutomi Museum specimens
Nakagawa et al. (2009)
Nakagawa et al. (2009)
Nakagawa et al. (2009)
  • Kyoto Prefecture
    • Kyoto City
      • Kita-ku
Yamada (2004)
      • Sakyou-ku
Masutomi Museum specimens
      • Ukyou-ku
Masutomi Museum specimens +1 other reference
  • Mie Prefecture
    • Toba City
Yamada (2004)
  • Nagano Prefecture
    • Kamiina District
Katsu Kaneko (1956)
Akira Kato (2011)
  • Nagasaki Prefecture
    • Nagasaki City
      • Kinkai-Tone-machi
Masutomi Museum specimens +3 other references
      • Mie
- (n.d.)
    • Nishisonogi District
Mem. Fac. Sci. et al. (1957)
  • Oita Prefecture
    • Saiki City
Nishio-Hamane et al. (2012)
    • Tsukumi City
Minerals Unlimited specimens (Ridgecrest, California)
  • Saitama Prefecture
    • Hanno City
Matsubara (1981)
Banno (2000)
  • Shizuoka Prefecture
    • Numazu City
Akira Kato (2009)
  • Tochigi Prefecture
    • Kanuma City
      • Awano
- (n.d.)
Matsubara et al. (2007)
Katsu Kaneko (1956)
Steinbock Minerals specimens
  • Tokushima Prefecture
MINAKAWA et al. (1987)
    • Naka District
Nakagawa et al. (2009)
    • Tokushima City
Nakagawa et al. (2011)
Kozo Takeda pers. comm.
  • Tokyo Metropolis
    • Nishitama district
      • Okutama-cho
Am Min 90:1468 +1 other reference
  • Wakayama Prefecture
    • Iwade city
      • Afuzu-mura
Yamada (2004) +1 other reference
  • Yamanashi Prefecture
    • Minami-Alps City
      • Kohsai
Kato et al. (1981)
    • Minamikoma District
      • Minobu
        • Shimobe
 ...
Kazakhstan
 
  • Karaganda Region
    • Aktogay District
Singer et al. (2008)
Evseev (1995)
  • Ulytau Region
    • Karazhal
      • Zhayrem (Zhairem)
Frank Dzubeck +2 other references
    • Zhanaarka District
      • Atasu Mine
Kayupova (1964)
Kosovo
 
  • Ferizaj District
    • Štrpce (Shtërpcë)
J. Petrol.
Madagascar
 
  • Amoron'i Mania
    • Ambatofinandrahana District
      • Ambatofinandrahana Commune
Behier (1960)
  • Atsimo-Andrefana
    • Betioky District
      • Soamanonga
Behier (1960)
Mexico
 
  • Coahuila
    • Sierra Mojada Municipality
      • Sierra Mojada
Mineralogical Magazine 1964 33 : 841-852
  • Durango
    • Mapimí Municipality
      • Mapimí
Panczner (1987)
  • Hidalgo
    • Mineral del Monte Municipality
      • Mineral del Monte (Mineral del Real del Monte; Real del Monte)
Panczner (1987)
Panczner (1987)
Panczner (1987)
    • Molango Municipality
Minera Autlan
  • Jalisco
    • Autlán Municipality
      • Autlán de Navarro
Econ Geol (1981)
  • Nuevo León
    • Sabinas Hidalgo Municipality
Rocks and Minerals (1988)
Morocco
 
  • Béni Mellal-Khénifra Region
    • Azilal Province
Varentsov (1996)
  • Drâa-Tafilalet Region
    • Zagora Province
      • Agdz Cercle
        • Tansifte Caïdat
FAVREAU G. & DIETRICH J.E. (2006)
Namibia
 
  • Otjozondjupa Region
    • Omatako Constituency
Cabral +4 other references
New Zealand
 
Railton et al. (1990)
  • Canterbury Region
    • Selwyn District
      • Coalgate
Railton et al. (1990)
Railton et al. (1990)
    • South Wairarapa District
      • Pahaoa River
Fyfe et al. (1959) +1 other reference
North Macedonia
 
  • Čaška Municipality
Bermanec et al. (1996)
      • Jakupica Mountains
        • Babuna Valley
Galuskina et al. (2026)
Bermanec et al +1 other reference
Chukanov et al. (2015)
Ermolaeva et al. (2019)
Norway
 
  • Agder
    • Bykle
      • Hovden
Nordrum et al. (1981) +1 other reference
  • Akershus
    • Lunner
      • Grua mining district
Folvik (2005)
  • Telemark
    • Tokke
      • Botnedal
Westerweld (1961)
  • Troms og Finnmark
    • Målselv
      • Kirkesdalen
Landmark (1952)
Pacific Ocean
 
  • Clarion-Clipperton zone
Skowronek et al. (2021)
Pakistan
 
  • Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province
    • North Waziristan District
      • Waziristan ophiolite
        • Saidgi Mt area
Shah et al. (1999)
        • Shuidar Mt area
Shah et al. (1999)
Poland
 
  • Lesser Poland Voivodeship
    • Tatra County
Szakáll (2002)
Korczyńska-Oszacka B. 1978: Minerały manganu wapieni jurajskich Doliny Chochołowskiej (Tatry, Polska)
      • Lejowa Valley
Oszacka 1978: Tlenki manganu powstałe ...
  • Lower Silesian Voivodeship
    • Wałbrzych County
      • Gmina Walim
Lis et al. (1986)
Portugal
 
  • Beja
    • Aljustrel
      • Aljustrel e Rio de Moinhos
LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia (Siorminp ID 635Mn)
LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia (Siorminp ID 635Mn)
    • Beja
      • Albernoa e Trindade
        • Albernoa Mining Field
Azevedo (2024)
    • Castro Verde
      • Castro Verde e Casével
LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...
LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...
    • Mértola
      • Alcaria Ruiva
Oliveira et al. (2025)
    • Odemira
      • São Luís
LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ...
  • Braga
    • Vila Verde
      • Marrancos e Arcozelo
Oliveira et al. (2025)
  • Setúbal
    • Santiago do Cacém
      • Cercal do Alentejo
- (?)
Romania
 
  • Bihor County
    • Pădurea Craiului Mountains
      • Șuncuiuș clay mine
Onac (2019)
  • Bistrița-Năsăud County
    • Rodna
      • Valea Vinului
Papp et al. (2005)
  • Caraş-Severin County
    • Brebu
Hârtopanu et al. (1996)
  • Maramureș County
    • Târgu Lăpuș
Udubasa et al. (1996) +1 other reference
Russia
 
  • Altai Republic
    • Ust-Koksinsky District
Vera N. Smol'yaninova data
  • Bashkortostan
    • Sibay
Brusnitsyn et al. (2005)
  • Chelyabinsk Oblast
    • Argayashsky District
      • Bol'shoi Tatkul' Lake
Pekov (1998)
Pletnev P. (1995)
  • Jewish Autonomous Oblast
Berdnikov et al. (2023)
Berdnikov et al. (2023)
Nevstruev et al. (2019) +2 other references
  • Khabarovsk Krai
    • Malyi Khingan Range
Varentsov (1996)
    • Taikan Ridge
Mandarino (1996)
Pekov (1998)
Pekov (1998)
  • Khakassia (Republic of Khakassia)
    • Askizsky Rayon
      • Askiz ore district
Kassandrov et al. (2009)
Kassandrov et al. (2009)
  • Sakha
    • Polar Yakutia
Econ Geol (1995)
Slovakia
 
  • Košice Region
    • Gelnica District
Koděra et al. (1986)
Koděra et al. (1986)
    • Spišská Nová Ves District
      • Poráč
Martin Števko & Pavol Myšľan +1 other reference
    • Trebišov District
Koděra
South Africa
 
  • KwaZulu-Natal
    • Uthukela District Municipality
Cairncross et al. (1995)
  • Limpopo
    • Capricorn District Municipality
      • Blouberg Local Municipality
Gutzmer et al. (2002)
    • Waterberg District Municipality
      • Modimolle-Mookgophong Local Municipality
        • Mookgophong
Cairncross et al. (1995)
  • North West
    • Bojanala Platinum District Municipality
      • Madibeng Local Municipality
        • Brits
Atanasova et al. (2016)
    • Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality
      • Ramotshere Moiloa Local Municipality
Martini (1990) +1 other reference
  • Northern Cape
Gutzmer (1996)
    • Gamagara Ridge
Gutzmer (1996)
Gutzmer (1996)
Gutzmer (1996)
Gutzmer (1996)
Cairncross et al. (1995)
        • Gloucester Farm
Gutzmer (1996) +1 other reference
Cairncross et al. (1995)
Cairncross et al. (1995) +1 other reference
Gutzmer (1996)
Gutzmer (1996)
Cairncross et al. (1995)
Cairncross et al. (1995) +1 other reference
    • John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality
      • Gamagara Local Municipality
Moore et al. (2011) +1 other reference
      • Joe Morolong Local Municipality
        • Black Rock
Cairncross et al. (1995)
        • Hotazel
Wilson et al. (1978)
Preston (2009) +1 other reference
Pienaar (1982) +3 other references
        • N'Chwaning Mines
Pohl et al. (1991)
Cairncross et al. (2013)
Jordi Fabre specimen
South African Micromount Society (2014)
Dunn et al. (1980) +4 other references
Schaller et al. (1967) +1 other reference
    • ZF Mgcawu District Municipality
Gutzmer (1996)
      • Tsantsabane Local Municipality
        • Postmasburg
Kumba Iron Ore
Costin et al. (2014) +1 other reference
South Korea
 
  • Gangwon Province
    • Chongson-gun
      • Nam-myon (Sindong-myon)
Kinosaki (1943)
Spain
 
  • Andalusia
    • Huelva
      • Almonaster la Real
Jorge et al. (2005)
      • Los Marines
Jiménez-Millán et al. (1997)
      • Minas de Riotinto
Bocamina (4)
  • Balearic Islands
    • Majorca
      • Llucmajor
Onac et al. (2014)
  • Canary Islands
    • Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province
      • Tenerife
Dill et al. (2023)
        • Santiago del Teide
Dill et al. (2023)
  • Extremadura
    • Badajoz
      • Sierra Suroeste
Jiménez-Millán et al. (1993)
Sweden
 
  • Dalarna County
    • Avesta
      • Folkärna
Geijer (1939)
    • Hedemora
      • Garpenberg
Grensman et al. (2001)
  • Jönköping County
    • Jönköping
      • Ödestugu
  • Norrbotten County
    • Jokkmokk
Roy (1972)
Ödman (1950)
Ödman (1950)
Wilke Band 4 Skandinavien
Sandström (1997)
Augsten (2010)
Ödman (1950)
Ödman (1950)
  • Örebro County
    • Hällefors
      • Grythyttan
Igelström (1886)
    • Lindesberg
      • Nyberget
Roy (1972) +1 other reference
Igelström (1890)
Holtstam (1997)
Koark (1970)
  • Värmland County
    • Filipstad
      • Långban Ore District
Gatedal (n.d.) +3 other references
Sjögren (1891)
Grensman (2003)
Adolfsson (1979)
Adolfsson (1979)
      • Nordmark mining district
        • Jakobsberg ore field
Igelström (1886)
Gatedal (n.d.)
Sjögren (1895)
      • Persberg ore district
Sandström et al. (2009)
Jonsson (1999)
Gatedal (n.d.) +1 other reference
  • Västmanland County
    • Norberg
Ounchanum et al. (1987)
  • Västra Götaland County
    • Åmål
      • Strandhem ore field
    • Karlsborg
      • Undenäs
Sandtsröm (2002)
Switzerland
 
  • Grisons
    • Albula Region
      • Surses
        • Mulegns
Geiger T. (1948)
        • Tinizong (Tinzen)
Geiger T. (1948) +1 other reference
          • Err valley
Mandarino (2001)
    • Maloja Region
      • Samedan
        • Piz Corvatsch
Stalder et al. (1998)
    • Plessur Region
      • Arosa
        • Langwies
          • Fondei Valley
Geiger T. (1948) +1 other reference
Geiger T. (1948)
    • Surselva Region
      • Vals
Stalder et al. (1998)
    • Viamala Region
      • Ferrera
        • Ausserferrera
Stalder et al. (1998)
Lapis 36 (4)
        • Innerferrera (Calantgil)
Brugger J. (1996)
        • Starlera Valley
Brugger et al. (1999) +2 other references
      • Rheinwald
        • Splügen
Stalder et al. (1998)
  • Valais
    • Entremont
      • Val de Bagnes
        • Charmotane
Ansermet et al. (2025)
        • Mauvoisin
Stalder et al. (1998)
    • Visp
      • Täsch
        • Täsch Valley
Stalder et al. (1998)
Taiwan
 
  • Hualien County
    • Xiulin Township
Yui et al. (1989)
Turkey
 
  • Adana Province
    • Ceyhan District
Öztürk (1997)
Öztürk (1997)
  • Ankara Province
    • Haymana District
Horasan (2026)
  • Balikesir Province
    • Bigadiç District
Gultekin et al. (2016)
  • Burdur Province
    • Burdur
TEKER et al. (2006)
  • Denizli Province
    • Tavas
      • Ulukent
Öztürk (1997)
  • Elazığ Province
    • Maden District
Öztürk et al. (2026)
  • Eskişehir Province
    • Beylikova District
Journal of Asian Earth Sciences (2003) +1 other reference
  • Konya Province
    • Kulu District
Horasan (2026)
Horasan (2026)
  • Kütahya Province
    • Emet District
      • Kayi Köy
Müller (1954)
  • Muğla Province
    • Dalaman District
Öztürk (1997)
  • Yozgat Province
    • Sorgun District
Oksuz (2018)
UK
 
  • England
    • Cumbria
      • Allerdale
        • Caldbeck
          • Coombe Height
Young (1987) +1 other reference
      • Copeland
        • Egremont
          • Bigrigg
Day (1999)
Tindle (2008)
    • Highland
      • Inverness South
Nicholson (1990)
  • Wales
    • Bridgend
      • Porthcawl
Criddle et al. (1977)
Ukraine
 
  • Crimea
    • Simferopol area
      • Mramornoe Village area
Alexander I. Tischenko (1996)
United Arab Emirates
 
Kugimiya et al. (2004)
Gnos et al. (1996) +1 other reference
USA
 
  • Alaska
    • Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area
      • Melozitna Mining District
- (2008)
  • Arizona
    • Cochise County
Anthony et al. (1995)
        • Escabrosa Ridge
Grant et al. (2005)
Palache et al. (1920) +4 other references
Luetcke (n.d.)
Anthony et al. (1995)
      • Turquoise Mining District (Courtland-Gleeson Mining District)
        • Courtland
Anthony et al. (1995)
        • Gleeson
          • Costello Mine group
Luetcke (n.d.)
Graeme (1993) +1 other reference
    • Coconino County
      • Johnson & Hayden Mining District (Peach Springs Mining District)
        • Frazier Wells
Potter (1949) +2 other references
    • Gila County
Hewett et al. (1960) +1 other reference
    • Graham County
      • Aravaipa Mining District
        • Klondyke
          • Grand Reef Mountain
            • Laurel Canyon
Anthony et al. (1995)
    • Mohave County
      • Artillery Mountains
        • Artillery Peak
Head (1941) +1 other reference
    • Pima County
Havens et al. (1954) +1 other reference
Havens et al. (1954) +1 other reference
      • Las Guijas & San Luis Mountains
        • Arivaca Mining District (Las Guijas Mining District)
Hewett (1972) +1 other reference
      • Tucson Mountains
Guild (1935) +1 other reference
      • Waterman Mining District
        • Silver Hill Mining District
          • Silver Hill
Anthony et al. (1995)
    • Pinal County
      • Superior
        • Apache Leap
          • Belmont Canyon
            • Belmont Mine (Belmont Copper property; Goodwin Mine; Monte Carlo claim; Smith lease; Doggs Mine; Lone Star Mine)
Jones et al. (1920) +1 other reference
    • Santa Cruz County
Hewett et al. (1960) +1 other reference
Havens et al. (1954) +1 other reference
          • Harshaw
            • Hardshell Gulch
Jones et al. (1920) +1 other reference
              • Hermosa group
MRDS database Dep. ID file #10048336
Jones et al. (1920) +1 other reference
    • Yavapai County
      • Bradshaw Mountains (Bradshaw Range)
        • Peck Mining District
Brian Beck Collected
  • Arkansas
Howard (1987)
Howard (2007)
    • Independence County
Miser (1922)
Miser (1922)
- (2005)
Miser (1922)
    • Izard County
- (2005)
Miser (1922)
Howard (1987) +1 other reference
Howard (2007)
Howard (1987) +1 other reference
Howard (1987) +1 other reference
- (2005)
    • Stone County
- (2005)
  • California
    • Humboldt County
      • Fort Seward
Trask (1950) +3 other references
    • Inyo County
      • Darwin Hills
        • Darwin Mining District
          • Darwin
            • Darwin Mine (Anaconda; Bernon Mine; Defiance Mine; Essex Mine; Independence Mine; Intermediate Mine; Rip Van Winkle Mine; Thompson Mine)
Pemberton (1983) +1 other reference
White (1973)
      • Palos Verdes Peninsula
Potter et al. (1979)
          • George Canyon (George F. Canyon)
Mitchell et al. (1973) +2 other references
    • Plumas County
      • Moccasin
Trask et al. (1943) +4 other references
    • San Bernardino County
      • Silver Lake Mining District
        • Soda Mountains
          • Baker
            • Otto Mountain
Marek Chorazewicz (2023)
      • Whipple Mountains
        • Whipple District (Monumental District)
          • Black Meadow Landing
- (2005)
          • Havasu Palms (Roads End Camp)
- (2005)
    • Santa Clara County
      • Black Wonder Mining District
        • Sugarloaf Mountain
Pemberton (1983) +3 other references
Ramsdell (1932) +1 other reference
    • Stanislaus County
      • Ladd-Buckeye Mining District
        • Mount Oso
Am Min 69:200-206 +13 other references
    • Trinity County
      • Chicago Rock
- (2005)
      • Kekawaka
Trask et al. (1943) +1 other reference
      • Klamath Mountains
        • Dubakella Mountain
Trask (1950) +2 other references
        • Hayfork Mining District
          • Peanut
Hewett et al. (1961) +1 other reference
      • Three Forks
Huebner +3 other references
  • Colorado
    • Eagle County
      • Gilman Mining District (Battle Mountain Mining District; Red Cliff Mining District)
        • Gilman
Eckel et al. (1997)
    • Park County
      • South Park
Eckel et al. (1997)
    • Pitkin County
      • Snowmass Area
- (2005)
  • Georgia
    • Bartow County
      • Cartersville Mining District
Rocks & Min.: 64:185.
- (1917)
  • Idaho
    • Lemhi County
Ream (2004)
Horton et al. (1981)
  • Maine
    • Aroostook County
      • Castle Hill
      • T9 R3 WELS
      • TD R2 WELS
Pavlides et al. (1962)
Pavlides et al. (1962)
  • Michigan
    • Iron County
      • Iron River
        • Stambaugh
Morris (1983)
    • Keweenaw County
Heinrich et al. (2004)
      • Grant Township
        • Copper Harbor
Heinrich et al. (2004)
Morris (1983)
  • Missouri
    • Shannon County
Sherwood et al. (1998)
Sherwood et al. (1998)
- (2005)
      • Thorny Mountain
Sherwood et al. (1998)
  • Montana
    • Granite County
      • Philipsburg Mining District (Flint Creek Mining District)
- (2005)
  • Nevada
    • Humboldt County
      • Black Diablo Mining District
Bonham et al. (1985)
Willden (1964) +1 other reference
    • Lander County
      • Buffalo Valley Mining District
Stewart et al. (1977)
    • Lincoln County
      • Comet Mining District
USGS website : ...
      • Delamar Mining District
- (2005)
Marek Chorazewicz (2025)
      • Pioche Mining District
Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference
- (2005)
      • Viola Mining District
NBMG Bull 73 Geology and Mineral ... +1 other reference
    • Pershing County
      • Black Diablo Mining District
- (2005)
      • Tobin and Sonoma Range Mining District
- (2005)
    • White Pine County
      • Nevada Mining District
        • Vietta mine
Castor et al. (2004)
      • Robinson Mining District
- (1976) +1 other reference
- (1976) +1 other reference
- (1976)
- (1976) +1 other reference
  • New Jersey
    • Hunterdon County
The Minerals of NYC & Its Environs et al. (1931)
  • New Mexico
    • Sierra County
Northrop et al. (1996)
    • Socorro County
Northrop et al. (1996)
  • New York
    • St. Lawrence County
      • Fowler
Ayuso et al. (1984)
The New York State Museum Catalog No. ...
Peterson et al. (1984)
  • North Carolina
Genth (1891) +1 other reference
      • Hillsborough
Genth et al. (1881)
  • Rhode Island
    • Providence County
      • Cumberland
Miller (1971)
Miller (1971)
      • Lincoln
        • Lime Rock
  • Tennessee
    • Monroe County
      • Sweetwater Barite Mining District-Eastern Belt
Stose et al. (1923)
  • Texas
    • Llano County
Smith (1991)
      • Riley Mountains
Smith (1991)
    • Mason County
Smith (1991)
      • Fly Gap
Dana 6: 1082 +2 other references
  • Utah
    • Juab County
      • San Pitch Mountains
Crittenden Jr (1951) +2 other references
    • Tooele County
      • Simpson Mountains
        • Erickson Mining District (Black Crook Mining District)
- (2005)
  • Vermont
- (1917)
    • Rutland County
      • Brandon
Rocks & Min. Vol. 71 (1996)
    • Windsor County
Morrill & Chaffee
  • Washington
    • Clallam County
Cannon (1975)
      • Lake Crescent Area
Cannon (1975)
Cannon (1975)
    • Grays Harbor County
      • Quinault Lake
Cannon (1975)
  • Wisconsin
    • Iron County
      • Gogebic Range
        • Montreal
Cordua (1998)
  • Wyoming
Rocks&Min 76:23-241
      • Bridger Mts (Bridger Range)
Hausel et al. (2001)
Vietnam
 
  • Cao Bằng Province
    • Quảng Hòa District
Kamitani et al. (2007)
    • Trùng Khánh District
Kamitani et al. (2007)
Kamitani et al. (2007)
  • Tuyên Quang Province
    • Na Hang District
Kamitani et al. (2007)
Zambia
 
  • Central Province
    • Chitambo District
Handbook of Mineralogy Vol II p399
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