Baotite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Baotite
Formula:
Ba4(Ti,Nb,W)8O16(SiO3)4Cl
Also given as Ba4Ti8Si4O28Cl.
Colour:
Light Brown, black
Lustre:
Vitreous, Sub-Metallic
Hardness:
6
Specific Gravity:
4.42 - 4.71
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Name:
Named for the type locality, Pao-t'ou (Baotou in Russian), China.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
510
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:510:8
Similar Names
| Bagotite | A synonym of Thomsonite-Ca | |
| Bastite | A variety of Serpentine Subgroup | D3[Si2O5](OH)4 D= Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Al, Zn |
| Biotite | A group of related mineral species | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Boydite | A synonym of Probertite |
IMA Classification of Baotite
Classification of Baotite
9.CE.15
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
C : Cyclosilicates
E : [Si4O12]8- 4-membered single rings (vierer-Einfachringe), without insular complex anions
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
C : Cyclosilicates
E : [Si4O12]8- 4-membered single rings (vierer-Einfachringe), without insular complex anions
60.1.2.1
60 : CYCLOSILICATES Four-Membered Rings
1 : Four-Membered Rings, as Titanosilicates
60 : CYCLOSILICATES Four-Membered Rings
1 : Four-Membered Rings, as Titanosilicates
17.8.12
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
8 : Silicates with niobate or tantalate
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
8 : Silicates with niobate or tantalate
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Bao | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Baotite
Vitreous, Sub-Metallic
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Light Brown, black
Hardness:
6 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Imperfect/Fair
On {110}
On {110}
Fracture:
Hackly
Density:
4.42 - 4.71 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.69 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Baotite
Type:
Uniaxial (+)
RI values:
nω = 1.94 nε = 2.16
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.220
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
O = colorless; E = dark brownish to light greenish yellow.
Comments:
Absorption: E > O.
Chemistry of Baotite
Mindat Formula:
Ba4(Ti,Nb,W)8O16(SiO3)4Cl
Also given as Ba4Ti8Si4O28Cl.
Also given as Ba4Ti8Si4O28Cl.
Element Weights:
Common Impurities:
Al,Fe,Cr,Mg,Ca,Na,K
Chemical Analysis
Oxide wt%:
| 1 | |
|---|---|
| SiO2 | 16.23 % |
| TiO2 | 41.43 % |
| Al2O3 | 0.15 % |
| Nb2O5 | 0.39 % |
| Fe2O3 | 0.16 % |
| MgO | 0.00 % |
| CaO | 0.00 % |
| BaO | 40.16 % |
| SrO | 0.26 % |
| K2O | 0.20 % |
| Cl | 2.18 % |
| Total: | 101.16 % |
Sample references:
| ID | Locality | Reference | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Blåmannvika, Kvaløya ultrapotassic dike, Kvaløya, Tromsø, Troms og Finnmark, Norway | A low Nb variety |
Crystallography of Baotite
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4/m - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
I41/a
Cell Parameters:
a = 20.02 Å, c = 6.00 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.3
Unit Cell V:
2,404.80 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
16
Comment:
Range: a = 19.2-20.022 c = 5.908-6.006 A.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0015552 | Baotite | Nekrasov Yu V, Ponomarev V I, Simonov V I, Kheiker D M (1969) Refinement of the atomic structure of baotite and the isomorphic relationships in this mineral Soviet Physics Crystallography 14 508-514 | 1969 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.516 Å | (9) |
| 3.139 Å | (10) |
| 2.234 Å | (9) |
| 1.763 Å | (9.5) |
| 1.422 Å | (25) |
| 1.351 Å | (9) |
| 1.335 Å | (100) |
Comments:
Data affected by preferred orientation.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47) | |
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks | |
| 36 : Carbonatites, kimberlites, and related igneous rocks |
Type Occurrence of Baotite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Crystals to 8-10 cm in size.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National School of Mines, Paris, France.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Quartz vein, related to Hercynian alkali granite and syenite.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Other Language Names for Baotite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 1 photo of Baotite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 1 photo of Baotite associated with Orthoclase | K(AlSi3O8) |
| 1 photo of Baotite associated with Huanghoite-(Ce) | BaCe(CO3)2F |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.CE. | Dutkevichite-(Ce) | NaZnBa2Ce2Ti2Si8O26F · H2O |
| 9.CE. | Katanite | Ba3NbFe3Si2O14 |
| 9.CE. | Niobobaotite | Ba4(Ti2.5Fe2+1.5)Nb4Si4O28Cl |
| 9.CE. | Amaterasuite | Sr4Ti6Si4O23(OH)Cl |
| 9.CE. | Steiningerite | Ba2Zr2(Si4O12)O2 |
| 9.CE.05 | Papagoite | CaCu[H3AlSi2O9] |
| 9.CE.10 | Verplanckite | Ba4Mn2+2Si4O12(OH,H2O)3Cl3 |
| 9.CE.20 | Nagashimalite | Ba4(V,Ti)4B2Si8O27(O,OH)2Cl |
| 9.CE.20 | Taramellite | Ba4(Fe3+,Ti,Fe2+,Mg)4(B2Si8O27)O2Clx |
| 9.CE.20 | Titantaramellite | Ba4(Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+,Mg)4(B2Si8O27)O2Clx |
| 9.CE.25 | Bario-orthojoaquinite | (Ba,Sr)4Fe2Ti2[Si4O12]2O2 · H2O |
| 9.CE.25 | Byelorussite-(Ce) | NaBa2Ce2MnTi2[Si4O12]2O2(F,OH) · H2O |
| 9.CE.25 | Joaquinite-(Ce) | NaBa2Ce2FeTi2[Si4O12]2O2(OH,F) · H2O |
| 9.CE.25 | Orthojoaquinite-(La) | NaBa2La2Fe2+Ti2[Si4O12]2O2(O,OH) · H2O |
| 9.CE.25 | Strontiojoaquinite | Sr2Ba2(Na,Fe)2Ti2[Si4O12]2O2(O,OH)2 · H2O |
| 9.CE.25 | Orthojoaquinite-(Ce) | NaBa2Ce2FeTi2[Si4O12]2O2(O,OH) · H2O |
| 9.CE.25 | Strontio-orthojoaquinite | (Na,Fe)2Sr2Ba2Ti2[Si4O12]2O2(O,OH)2 · H2O |
| 9.CE.30e | Labuntsovite-Mn | Na4K4(Ba,K)2Mn2+(Ti,Nb)8(Si4O12)4(O,OH)8 · 10-12H2O |
| 9.CE.30b | Tsepinite-Na | Na2(Ti,Nb)2(Si4O12)(OH,O)2 · 3H2O |
| 9.CE.30c | Gjerdingenite-Na | K2Na(Nb,Ti)4(Si4O12)2(OH,O)4 · 5H2O |
| 9.CE.30h | Alsakharovite-Zn | NaSrKZn(Ti,Nb)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4 · 7H2O |
| 9.CE.30c | Burovaite-Ca | (Na,K)4Ca2(Ti,Nb)8(Si4O12)4(OH,O)8 · 12H2O |
| 9.CE.30a | Nenadkevichite | (Na,◻)8Nb4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4 · 8H2O |
| 9.CE.30b | Tsepinite-Sr | Sr(Ti,Nb)2(Si4O12)(OH,O)2 · 3H2O |
| 9.CE.30c | Gjerdingenite-Mn | K2Mn2+(Nb,Ti)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4 · 6H2O |
| 9.CE.30b | Paratsepinite-Na | (Na,Sr,K,Ca)7(Ti,Nb)8(Si4O12)4(O,OH)8 · nH2O n ~ 8 |
| 9.CE.30d | Lemmleinite-K | K2(Ti,Nb)2(Si4O12)(OH,O)2 · 4H2O |
| 9.CE.30c | Karupmøllerite-Ca | (Na,Ca,K)2Ca(Nb,Ti)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4 · 7H2O |
| 9.CE.30c | Lepkhenelmite-Zn | (Ba,K)2Zn(Ti,Nb)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4 · 7H2O |
| 9.CE.30h | Gutkovaite-Mn | K2CaMn(Ti,Nb)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4 · 5H2O |
| 9.CE.30e | Labuntsovite-Mg | Na4K4(Ba,K)2Mg(Ti,Nb)8(Si4O12)4(O,OH)8 · 10H2O |
| 9.CE.30e | Labuntsovite-Fe | Na4K4(Ba,K)2Fe2+(Ti,Nb)8(Si4O12)4(O,OH)8 · 10H2O |
| 9.CE.30c | Kuzmenkoite-Zn | K2Zn(Ti,Nb)4(Si4O12)2(OH,O)4 · 6-8H2O |
| 9.CE.30f | Paralabuntsovite-Mg | Na8K8Mg4Ti16(Si4O12)8(OH,O)16 · 20-24H2O |
| 9.CE.30d | Lemmleinite-Ba | Na2K2Ba(Ti,Nb)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4 · 5H2O |
| 9.CE.30g | Organovaite-Mn | K2Mn(Nb,Ti)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4 · 5-7H2O |
| 9.CE.30g | Organovaite-Zn | K2Zn(Nb,Ti)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4 · 6H2O |
| 9.CE.30b | Vuoriyarvite-K | K2(Nb,Ti)2(Si4O12)(O,OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 9.CE.30c | Gjerdingenite-Fe | K2Fe2+(Nb,Ti)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4 · 6H2O |
| 9.CE.30a | 'Unnamed (Ca-Na-ordered analogue of Korobitsynite)' | (Ca,Na)2(Ti,Nb)2(Si4O12)(OH,O)2 · 3-4H2O |
| 9.CE.30g | Parakuzmenkoite-Fe | (K,Ba)4Fe(Ti,Nb)8(Si4O12)4(O,OH)8 · 14H2O |
| 9.CE.30a | Korobitsynite | (Na,◻)4Ti2(Si4O12)(O,OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 9.CE.30c | Kuzmenkoite-Mn | K2Mn2+(Ti,Nb)4(Si4O12)2(OH,O)4 · 5-6H2O |
| 9.CE.30b | Tsepinite-K | K2(Ti,Nb)2(Si4O12)(OH,O)2 · 3H2O |
| 9.CE.30b | Paratsepinite-Ba | Ba4(Ti,Nb)8(Si4O12)4(OH,O)8 · 8H2O |
| 9.CE.30h | Neskevaaraite-Fe | K3Na2Fe2+(Ti,Nb)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4 · 5-6 H2O |
| 9.CE.30c | Gjerdingenite-Ca | K2Ca(Nb,Ti)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4 · 6H2O |
| 9.CE.30b | Tsepinite-Ca | (Ca,K,Na)2-x(Ti,Nb)2(Si4O12)(OH,O)2 · 4H2O |
| 9.CE.45 | 'Natrokomarovite' | (Na,Ca,H)2Nb2Si2O10(OH,F)2 · H2O |
| 9.CE.45 | Komarovite | (Ca,Mn)(Nb,Ti)2[Si2O7](O,F)3 · 3.5H2O |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Baotite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-510.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Baotite
Reference List:
Fleischer, M.; Chao, E.C.T. (1960) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 45 (5-6). 753-756 (as Pao-t'ou-k'uang)
Heinrich, E. Wm., Boyer, Wm. H., Crowley, F. A. (1962) Baotite (Pao -T'ou-K'uang) from Ravalli County, Montana. American Mineralogist, 47 (7-8) 987-992
Johan, Z., Johan, V., Besson, M. (1991) Tungsten-bearing baotite from Pierrefitte, Pyrenees, France. Mineralogy and Petrology, 45 (1) 19-27 doi:10.1007/bf01164500
Dey, Monojit, Bhattacharjee, Sourav, Chakrabarty, Aniket, Mitchell, Roger H., Pal, Supriyo, Pal, Supratim, Sen, Amit Kumar (2021) Compositional variation and genesis of pyrochlore, belkovite and baotite from the Sevattur carbonatite complex, India. Mineralogical Magazine, 85 (4) 588-606 doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.37
Localities for Baotite
Showing 40 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Austria | |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... |
Canada | |
| Potter et al. (2005) |
China (TL) | |
| Semenov et al. (1961) +7 other references |
| Sun et al. (2026) | |
| Xie et al. (2026) | |
| Sun et al. (2026) | |
Czech Republic | |
| Elsevier. +3 other references |
| Nemec (1988) | |
DR Congo | |
| Wall et al. (1996) |
France | |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... +1 other reference |
Germany | |
| Christian Weise Verlag +1 other reference |
India | |
| Dey et al. (2021) |
| Kaur et al. (2017) |
Italy | |
| Gentile P. et al. (2016) |
| Degenfelder et al. (2016) |
Kyrgyzstan | |
| Leonid A. Pautov data |
New Zealand | |
| Cooper (2020) |
| Railton et al. (1990) +1 other reference |
| Cooper (1996) | |
| Cooper (1996) +2 other references | |
| Cooper (1996) | |
| Cooper (1996) |
Norway | |
| Canadian Museum of Nature collection |
| Canadian Museum of Nature collection |
| Zozulya et al. (2010) +1 other reference |
| Zozulya et al. (2010) | |
| Schingaro et al. (2014) | |
Pakistan | |
| Leavens et al. (2004) |
Russia | |
| Попова et al. (2019) |
| Mills et al. (2012) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
| Doroshkevich et al. (2016) |
Tajikistan | |
| Karpenko et al. (2002) +1 other reference |
UK | |
| Tindle (2008) | |
Ukraine | |
| Victor V. Sharygin analytycal data (2013) |
USA | |
| Wise (1982) +2 other references |
| Mitchell (2000) +1 other reference |
| Heinrich et al. (1962) +1 other reference |
| - (Bart Cannon) +1 other reference |
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Zagi Mountain, Hameed Abad Kafoor Dheri, Peshawar District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan