Orthojoaquinite-(Ce)
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Orthojoaquinite-(Ce)
Formula:
NaBa2Ce2FeTi2[Si4O12]2O2(O,OH) · H2O
Colour:
Brown
Hardness:
5 - 5½
Specific Gravity:
3.98
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Name:
For its ORTHOrhombic symmetry and relation to joaquinite-(Ce). The species has a confused beginning with joaquinite. It was then differentiated as a species and given the name orthojoaquinite (Wise 1982). The suffix/modifier was added in 1987 following the Levinson rule for species with essential REE, indicating, in this case, predominant cerium.
This page provides mineralogical data about Orthojoaquinite-(Ce).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3029
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3029:4
Similar Names
| Orthojoaquinite-(La) | A valid IMA mineral species | NaBa2La2Fe2+Ti2[Si4O12]2O2(O,OH) · H2O |
IMA Classification of Orthojoaquinite-(Ce)
Classification of Orthojoaquinite-(Ce)
9.CE.25
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
C : Cyclosilicates
E : [Si4O12]8- 4-membered single rings (vierer-Einfachringe), without insular complex anions
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
C : Cyclosilicates
E : [Si4O12]8- 4-membered single rings (vierer-Einfachringe), without insular complex anions
60.1.1b.1
60 : CYCLOSILICATES Four-Membered Rings
1 : Four-Membered Rings, as Titanosilicates
60 : CYCLOSILICATES Four-Membered Rings
1 : Four-Membered Rings, as Titanosilicates
14.9.13
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
9 : Silicates of Ti
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
9 : Silicates of Ti
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Ojq-Ce | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Orthojoaquinite-(Ce)
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Brown
Hardness:
5 - 5½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=350 - 430 - Vickers
Comment:
By analogy to orthojoaquinite-(La).
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
{001}
{001}
Density:
3.98(5) g/cm3 (Measured) 3.95 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Orthojoaquinite-(Ce)
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.748 - 1.754 nβ = 1.76 - 1.767 nγ = 1.762 - 1.823
2V:
Measured: 40° , Calculated: 44° to 54°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.014 - 0.069
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
r < v marked
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X = Y = colorless, Z = pale yellow.
Chemistry of Orthojoaquinite-(Ce)
Mindat Formula:
NaBa2Ce2FeTi2[Si4O12]2O2(O,OH) · H2O
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Orthojoaquinite-(Ce)
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.48 Å, b = 9.66 Å, c = 22.26 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.085 : 1 : 2.304
Unit Cell V:
2,253.53 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Twinning:
Submicroscopic, polysynthetic twinning parallel to {001}
Comment:
Point Group: 2/m 2/m 2/m or mm2. Space Group: Ccmm, Ccm2, or Cc2m.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.943 Å | (100) |
| 4.43 Å | (95) |
| 2.890 Å | (85) |
| 3.29 Å | (60) |
| 2.606 Å | (60) |
| 1.388 Å | (55) |
| 1.866 Å | (50) |
Comments:
New Idria, San Benito Co., California, USA.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47) | |
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks |
Type Occurrence of Orthojoaquinite-(Ce)
General Appearance of Type Material:
Intergrown with joaquinite-(Ce).
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
University of California, Santa Barbara, USA (holotype).
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Orthojoaquinite-(Ce)
Other Language Names for Orthojoaquinite-(Ce)
Dutch:Orthojoaquiniet-(Ce)
German:Orthojoaquinit-(Ce)
Relationship of Orthojoaquinite-(Ce) to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Joaquinite Group:
| Bario-orthojoaquinite | (Ba,Sr)4Fe2Ti2[Si4O12]2O2 · H2O | Orth. |
| Byelorussite-(Ce) | NaBa2Ce2MnTi2[Si4O12]2O2(F,OH) · H2O | Orth. mm2 : Ama2 |
| Dutkevichite-(Ce) | NaZnBa2Ce2Ti2Si8O26F · H2O | Orth. mm2 : Ama2 |
| Joaquinite-(Ce) | NaBa2Ce2FeTi2[Si4O12]2O2(OH,F) · H2O | Mon. 2 : B2 |
| Orthojoaquinite-(La) | NaBa2La2Fe2+Ti2[Si4O12]2O2(O,OH) · H2O | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) |
| Strontio-orthojoaquinite | (Na,Fe)2Sr2Ba2Ti2[Si4O12]2O2(O,OH)2 · H2O | Orth. |
| Strontiojoaquinite | Sr2Ba2(Na,Fe)2Ti2[Si4O12]2O2(O,OH)2 · H2O | Mon. |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.CE. | Dutkevichite-(Ce) | NaZnBa2Ce2Ti2Si8O26F · H2O |
| 9.CE. | Katanite | Ba3NbFe3Si2O14 |
| 9.CE. | Niobobaotite | Ba4(Ti2.5Fe2+1.5)Nb4Si4O28Cl |
| 9.CE. | Amaterasuite | Sr4Ti6Si4O23(OH)Cl |
| 9.CE. | Steiningerite | Ba2Zr2(Si4O12)O2 |
| 9.CE.05 | Papagoite | CaCu[H3AlSi2O9] |
| 9.CE.10 | Verplanckite | Ba4Mn2+2Si4O12(OH,H2O)3Cl3 |
| 9.CE.15 | Baotite | Ba4(Ti,Nb,W)8O16(SiO3)4Cl |
| 9.CE.20 | Nagashimalite | Ba4(V,Ti)4B2Si8O27(O,OH)2Cl |
| 9.CE.20 | Taramellite | Ba4(Fe3+,Ti,Fe2+,Mg)4(B2Si8O27)O2Clx |
| 9.CE.20 | Titantaramellite | Ba4(Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+,Mg)4(B2Si8O27)O2Clx |
| 9.CE.25 | Bario-orthojoaquinite | (Ba,Sr)4Fe2Ti2[Si4O12]2O2 · H2O |
| 9.CE.25 | Byelorussite-(Ce) | NaBa2Ce2MnTi2[Si4O12]2O2(F,OH) · H2O |
| 9.CE.25 | Joaquinite-(Ce) | NaBa2Ce2FeTi2[Si4O12]2O2(OH,F) · H2O |
| 9.CE.25 | Orthojoaquinite-(La) | NaBa2La2Fe2+Ti2[Si4O12]2O2(O,OH) · H2O |
| 9.CE.25 | Strontiojoaquinite | Sr2Ba2(Na,Fe)2Ti2[Si4O12]2O2(O,OH)2 · H2O |
| 9.CE.25 | Strontio-orthojoaquinite | (Na,Fe)2Sr2Ba2Ti2[Si4O12]2O2(O,OH)2 · H2O |
| 9.CE.30e | Labuntsovite-Mn | Na4K4(Ba,K)2Mn2+(Ti,Nb)8(Si4O12)4(O,OH)8 · 10-12H2O |
| 9.CE.30b | Tsepinite-Na | Na2(Ti,Nb)2(Si4O12)(OH,O)2 · 3H2O |
| 9.CE.30c | Gjerdingenite-Na | K2Na(Nb,Ti)4(Si4O12)2(OH,O)4 · 5H2O |
| 9.CE.30h | Alsakharovite-Zn | NaSrKZn(Ti,Nb)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4 · 7H2O |
| 9.CE.30c | Burovaite-Ca | (Na,K)4Ca2(Ti,Nb)8(Si4O12)4(OH,O)8 · 12H2O |
| 9.CE.30a | Nenadkevichite | (Na,◻)8Nb4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4 · 8H2O |
| 9.CE.30b | Tsepinite-Sr | Sr(Ti,Nb)2(Si4O12)(OH,O)2 · 3H2O |
| 9.CE.30c | Gjerdingenite-Mn | K2Mn2+(Nb,Ti)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4 · 6H2O |
| 9.CE.30b | Paratsepinite-Na | (Na,Sr,K,Ca)7(Ti,Nb)8(Si4O12)4(O,OH)8 · nH2O n ~ 8 |
| 9.CE.30d | Lemmleinite-K | K2(Ti,Nb)2(Si4O12)(OH,O)2 · 4H2O |
| 9.CE.30c | Karupmøllerite-Ca | (Na,Ca,K)2Ca(Nb,Ti)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4 · 7H2O |
| 9.CE.30c | Lepkhenelmite-Zn | (Ba,K)2Zn(Ti,Nb)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4 · 7H2O |
| 9.CE.30h | Gutkovaite-Mn | K2CaMn(Ti,Nb)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4 · 5H2O |
| 9.CE.30e | Labuntsovite-Mg | Na4K4(Ba,K)2Mg(Ti,Nb)8(Si4O12)4(O,OH)8 · 10H2O |
| 9.CE.30e | Labuntsovite-Fe | Na4K4(Ba,K)2Fe2+(Ti,Nb)8(Si4O12)4(O,OH)8 · 10H2O |
| 9.CE.30c | Kuzmenkoite-Zn | K2Zn(Ti,Nb)4(Si4O12)2(OH,O)4 · 6-8H2O |
| 9.CE.30f | Paralabuntsovite-Mg | Na8K8Mg4Ti16(Si4O12)8(OH,O)16 · 20-24H2O |
| 9.CE.30d | Lemmleinite-Ba | Na2K2Ba(Ti,Nb)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4 · 5H2O |
| 9.CE.30g | Organovaite-Mn | K2Mn(Nb,Ti)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4 · 5-7H2O |
| 9.CE.30g | Organovaite-Zn | K2Zn(Nb,Ti)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4 · 6H2O |
| 9.CE.30b | Vuoriyarvite-K | K2(Nb,Ti)2(Si4O12)(O,OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 9.CE.30c | Gjerdingenite-Fe | K2Fe2+(Nb,Ti)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4 · 6H2O |
| 9.CE.30a | 'Unnamed (Ca-Na-ordered analogue of Korobitsynite)' | (Ca,Na)2(Ti,Nb)2(Si4O12)(OH,O)2 · 3-4H2O |
| 9.CE.30g | Parakuzmenkoite-Fe | (K,Ba)4Fe(Ti,Nb)8(Si4O12)4(O,OH)8 · 14H2O |
| 9.CE.30a | Korobitsynite | (Na,◻)4Ti2(Si4O12)(O,OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 9.CE.30c | Kuzmenkoite-Mn | K2Mn2+(Ti,Nb)4(Si4O12)2(OH,O)4 · 5-6H2O |
| 9.CE.30b | Tsepinite-K | K2(Ti,Nb)2(Si4O12)(OH,O)2 · 3H2O |
| 9.CE.30b | Paratsepinite-Ba | Ba4(Ti,Nb)8(Si4O12)4(OH,O)8 · 8H2O |
| 9.CE.30h | Neskevaaraite-Fe | K3Na2Fe2+(Ti,Nb)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4 · 5-6 H2O |
| 9.CE.30c | Gjerdingenite-Ca | K2Ca(Nb,Ti)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4 · 6H2O |
| 9.CE.30b | Tsepinite-Ca | (Ca,K,Na)2-x(Ti,Nb)2(Si4O12)(OH,O)2 · 4H2O |
| 9.CE.45 | 'Natrokomarovite' | (Na,Ca,H)2Nb2Si2O10(OH,F)2 · H2O |
| 9.CE.45 | Komarovite | (Ca,Mn)(Nb,Ti)2[Si2O7](O,F)3 · 3.5H2O |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Orthojoaquinite-(Ce)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3029.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Orthojoaquinite-(Ce)
Reference List:
Laird, Jo, Albee, Arden L. (1972) Chemical composition and physical, optical, and structural properties of benitoite, neptunite, and joaquinite. American Mineralogist, 57 (1-2) 85-102 (as joaquinite)
Dowty, Eric (1975) Crystal structure of joaquinite. American Mineralogist, 60 (9-10) 872-878 (as joaquinite)
Wise, W. S. (1982) Strontiojoaquinite and bario-orthojoaquinite: two new members of the joaquinite group. American Mineralogist, 67 (7-8) 809-816
Localities for Orthojoaquinite-(Ce)
Showing 4 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Canada | |
| HORVÁTH et al. (2000) |
USA | |
| Dunning G.E. et al. (2018) |
| Cooper et al. (2003) +1 other reference | |
| Wise (1982) |
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California State Gem Mine, Santa Rita Peak, San Benito County, California, USA