Verplanckite
A valid IMA mineral species
This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
About Verplanckite
William E. Ver Planck
Formula:
Ba4Mn2+2Si4O12(OH,H2O)3Cl3
Colour:
Brown-yellow, may have an orange tint
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
2½ - 3
Specific Gravity:
3.52
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Name:
Named in honour of William Everett Ver Planck Jr. (1 September 1916, Pennsylvania, USA - 14 June 1963, San Francisco, California, USA), geologist, California Division of Mines and Geology, USA.
This page provides mineralogical data about Verplanckite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
4172
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4172:6
IMA Classification of Verplanckite
Approved
Approval year:
1964
First published:
1965
Classification of Verplanckite
9.CE.10
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
C : Cyclosilicates
E : [Si4O12]8- 4-membered single rings (vierer-Einfachringe), without insular complex anions
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
C : Cyclosilicates
E : [Si4O12]8- 4-membered single rings (vierer-Einfachringe), without insular complex anions
77.2.8.1
77 : TECTOSILICATES Zeolites
2 : Zeolite group - related species
77 : TECTOSILICATES Zeolites
2 : Zeolite group - related species
17.3.19
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
3 : Silicates with chloride (including aluminosilicates)
17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
3 : Silicates with chloride (including aluminosilicates)
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Vpk | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Verplanckite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Brown-yellow, may have an orange tint
Streak:
Pale orange
Hardness:
2½ - 3 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Good on {1120}; on {0001}, poor or a fracture.
Good on {1120}; on {0001}, poor or a fracture.
Density:
3.52(2) g/cm3 (Measured) 3.33 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Verplanckite
Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.683(2) nε = 1.672(2)
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.011
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized uniaxial interference figure - the conoscopic
(convergent-light, Bertrand-lens-in) view, for a grain cut with the optic axis
centred and vertical. The coloured rings are isochromatics, computed with the
same physics as the Michel-Lévy bar above; the dark cross is the isogyre.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
O = yellow-orange; E = colorless
Chemistry of Verplanckite
Mindat Formula:
Ba4Mn2+2Si4O12(OH,H2O)3Cl3
Element Weights:
Common Impurities:
Al,Mg,Ca,K
Crystallography of Verplanckite
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Class (H-M):
6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) - Dihexagonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
P6/mmm
Setting:
P6/mmm
Cell Parameters:
a = 16.398(10) Å, c = 7.200(4) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.439
Unit Cell V:
1,676.66 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
1
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Display Options
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
Stop | Start
Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0014200 | Verplanckite | Basciano L C (1999) Mineralogy and crystal structures of barium silicate minerals from Fresno County, California Master's Thesis, University of British Columbia 1999 1-164 | 1999 | Esquire #7, Big Creek, Fresno County, California, USA | 0 | 293 | |
| 0009485 | Verplanckite | Kampf A R, Khan A A, Baur W H (1973) Barium chloride silicate with an open framework: verplanckite Acta Crystallographica B29 2019-2021 |  | 1973 | Esquire No. 7 mine, Big Creek, Fresno County, California, USA | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Loading XRD data...
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.95 Å | (100) |
| 2.97 Å | (70) |
| 2.738 Å | (70) |
| 13.8 Å | (65) |
| 5.39 Å | (45) |
| 3.58 Å | (30) |
| 2.858 Å | (30) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits |
Type Occurrence of Verplanckite
Co-Type Localities:
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
California Division of Mines & Geology, San Francisco, California, USA
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Verplanckite
Other Language Names for Verplanckite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 2 photos of Verplanckite associated with Sanbornite | BaSi2O5 |
| 2 photos of Verplanckite associated with Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
| 1 photo of Verplanckite associated with Titantaramellite | Ba4(Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+,Mg)4(B2Si8O27)O2Clx |
| 1 photo of Verplanckite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.CE. | Dutkevichite-(Ce) | NaZnBa2Ce2Ti2Si8O26F · H2O |
| 9.CE. | Katanite | Ba3NbFe3Si2O14 |
| 9.CE. | Niobobaotite | Ba4(Ti2.5Fe2+1.5)Nb4Si4O28Cl |
| 9.CE. | Amaterasuite | Sr4Ti6Si4O23(OH)Cl |
| 9.CE. | Steiningerite | Ba2Zr2(Si4O12)O2 |
| 9.CE.05 | Papagoite | CaCu[H3AlSi2O9] |
| 9.CE.15 | Baotite | Ba4(Ti,Nb,W)8O16(SiO3)4Cl |
| 9.CE.20 | Nagashimalite | Ba4(V,Ti)4B2Si8O27(O,OH)2Cl |
| 9.CE.20 | Taramellite | Ba4(Fe3+,Ti,Fe2+,Mg)4(B2Si8O27)O2Clx |
| 9.CE.20 | Titantaramellite | Ba4(Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+,Mg)4(B2Si8O27)O2Clx |
| 9.CE.25 | Bario-orthojoaquinite | (Ba,Sr)4Fe2Ti2[Si4O12]2O2 · H2O |
| 9.CE.25 | Byelorussite-(Ce) | NaBa2Ce2MnTi2[Si4O12]2O2(F,OH) · H2O |
| 9.CE.25 | Joaquinite-(Ce) | NaBa2Ce2FeTi2[Si4O12]2O2(OH,F) · H2O |
| 9.CE.25 | Orthojoaquinite-(La) | NaBa2La2Fe2+Ti2[Si4O12]2O2(O,OH) · H2O |
| 9.CE.25 | Strontiojoaquinite | Sr2Ba2(Na,Fe)2Ti2[Si4O12]2O2(O,OH)2 · H2O |
| 9.CE.25 | Orthojoaquinite-(Ce) | NaBa2Ce2FeTi2[Si4O12]2O2(O,OH) · H2O |
| 9.CE.25 | Strontio-orthojoaquinite | (Na,Fe)2Sr2Ba2Ti2[Si4O12]2O2(O,OH)2 · H2O |
| 9.CE.30e | Labuntsovite-Mn | Na4K4(Ba,K)2Mn2+(Ti,Nb)8(Si4O12)4(O,OH)8 · 10-12H2O |
| 9.CE.30b | Tsepinite-Na | Na2(Ti,Nb)2(Si4O12)(OH,O)2 · 3H2O |
| 9.CE.30c | Gjerdingenite-Na | K2Na(Nb,Ti)4(Si4O12)2(OH,O)4 · 5H2O |
| 9.CE.30h | Alsakharovite-Zn | NaSrKZn(Ti,Nb)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4 · 7H2O |
| 9.CE.30c | Burovaite-Ca | (Na,K)4Ca2(Ti,Nb)8(Si4O12)4(OH,O)8 · 12H2O |
| 9.CE.30a | Nenadkevichite | (Na,◻)8Nb4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4 · 8H2O |
| 9.CE.30b | Tsepinite-Sr | Sr(Ti,Nb)2(Si4O12)(OH,O)2 · 3H2O |
| 9.CE.30c | Gjerdingenite-Mn | K2Mn2+(Nb,Ti)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4 · 6H2O |
| 9.CE.30b | Paratsepinite-Na | (Na,Sr,K,Ca)7(Ti,Nb)8(Si4O12)4(O,OH)8 · nH2O n ~ 8 |
| 9.CE.30d | Lemmleinite-K | K2(Ti,Nb)2(Si4O12)(OH,O)2 · 4H2O |
| 9.CE.30c | Karupmøllerite-Ca | (Na,Ca,K)2Ca(Nb,Ti)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4 · 7H2O |
| 9.CE.30c | Lepkhenelmite-Zn | (Ba,K)2Zn(Ti,Nb)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4 · 7H2O |
| 9.CE.30h | Gutkovaite-Mn | K2CaMn(Ti,Nb)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4 · 5H2O |
| 9.CE.30e | Labuntsovite-Mg | Na4K4(Ba,K)2Mg(Ti,Nb)8(Si4O12)4(O,OH)8 · 10H2O |
| 9.CE.30e | Labuntsovite-Fe | Na4K4(Ba,K)2Fe2+(Ti,Nb)8(Si4O12)4(O,OH)8 · 10H2O |
| 9.CE.30c | Kuzmenkoite-Zn | K2Zn(Ti,Nb)4(Si4O12)2(OH,O)4 · 6-8H2O |
| 9.CE.30f | Paralabuntsovite-Mg | Na8K8Mg4Ti16(Si4O12)8(OH,O)16 · 20-24H2O |
| 9.CE.30d | Lemmleinite-Ba | Na2K2Ba(Ti,Nb)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4 · 5H2O |
| 9.CE.30g | Organovaite-Mn | K2Mn(Nb,Ti)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4 · 5-7H2O |
| 9.CE.30g | Organovaite-Zn | K2Zn(Nb,Ti)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4 · 6H2O |
| 9.CE.30b | Vuoriyarvite-K | K2(Nb,Ti)2(Si4O12)(O,OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 9.CE.30c | Gjerdingenite-Fe | K2Fe2+(Nb,Ti)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4 · 6H2O |
| 9.CE.30a | 'Unnamed (Ca-Na-ordered analogue of Korobitsynite)' | (Ca,Na)2(Ti,Nb)2(Si4O12)(OH,O)2 · 3-4H2O |
| 9.CE.30g | Parakuzmenkoite-Fe | (K,Ba)4Fe(Ti,Nb)8(Si4O12)4(O,OH)8 · 14H2O |
| 9.CE.30a | Korobitsynite | (Na,◻)4Ti2(Si4O12)(O,OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 9.CE.30c | Kuzmenkoite-Mn | K2Mn2+(Ti,Nb)4(Si4O12)2(OH,O)4 · 5-6H2O |
| 9.CE.30b | Tsepinite-K | K2(Ti,Nb)2(Si4O12)(OH,O)2 · 3H2O |
| 9.CE.30b | Paratsepinite-Ba | Ba4(Ti,Nb)8(Si4O12)4(OH,O)8 · 8H2O |
| 9.CE.30h | Neskevaaraite-Fe | K3Na2Fe2+(Ti,Nb)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4 · 5-6 H2O |
| 9.CE.30c | Gjerdingenite-Ca | K2Ca(Nb,Ti)4(Si4O12)2(O,OH)4 · 6H2O |
| 9.CE.30b | Tsepinite-Ca | (Ca,K,Na)2-x(Ti,Nb)2(Si4O12)(OH,O)2 · 4H2O |
| 9.CE.45 | 'Natrokomarovite' | (Na,Ca,H)2Nb2Si2O10(OH,F)2 · H2O |
| 9.CE.45 | Komarovite | (Ca,Mn)(Nb,Ti)2[Si2O7](O,F)3 · 3.5H2O |
Fluorescence of Verplanckite
None observed.
Other Information
Thermal Behaviour:
Fuses at about 3 1/2 and gives off water in a closed tube test.
Rapidly heated to 900 °C, in an electric furnace, verplanckite retains its shape but turns black. At 1100 °C it turns purple, and at 1200 °C it melts completely to a reddish brown glass.
Rapidly heated to 900 °C, in an electric furnace, verplanckite retains its shape but turns black. At 1100 °C it turns purple, and at 1200 °C it melts completely to a reddish brown glass.
Notes:
Completely but slowly soluble in dilute HCl. The mineral is quickly bleached, and then slowly dissolved. The mineral reacts essentially the same in other dilute acids; but the bleached fragments do not dissolve completely. No apparent change in concentrated sodium hydroxide.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Verplanckite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4172.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Verplanckite
Reference List:
Alfors, John T., Stinson, Melvin C., Matthews, Robert A., Pabst, Adolf (1965) Seven new barium minerals from eastern Fresno County, California. American Mineralogist, 50 (3-4) 314-340
Alfors, John T., Putman, George W. (1965) Revised chemical analyses of traskite, verplanckite, and muirite from Fresno County, California. American Mineralogist, 50 (9) 1500-1503
Alfors, John T., Stinson, Melvin C., Matthews, Robert A., Pabst, Adolf (1965) Seven new barium minerals from eastern Fresno County, California. American Mineralogist, 50 (3-4) 314-340
Kampf, A. R., Khan, A. A., Baur, W. H. (1973) Barium chloride silicate with an open framework: verplanckite. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry, 29 (9) 2019-2021 doi:10.1107/s0567740873005996
Localities for Verplanckite
Showing 2 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
USA (TL) | |
| Stinson (1964) +2 other references |
| Walstrom (n.d.) +2 other references |
Quick NavTopAbout VerplanckiteUnique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatFluorescence Other InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Esquire No. 7 claim, Big Creek, Big Creek-Rush Creek Mining District, Fresno County, California, USA