Tuperssuatsiaite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Tuperssuatsiaite
Tuperssuatsiat Bay, Greenland
Formula:
Fe3+Fe3+2(Na◻)◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 2H2O
The IMA formula (see below) is not a charge-balanced end-member formula. The mindat formula (above) is charge-balanced and is derived from the proposed site occupancies listed in Table 11 of Leung & McDonald (2020). Note that in natural material, some Mn2+ and possibly Fe2+ partially replaces Fe3+ in both the M1 and M2 cation sites, with charge balance facilitated by increasing Na in the M3 site.
Colour:
Golden-yellow, reddish brown, , brown, dark brown, orange-yellow, green
Lustre:
Silky, Dull
Specific Gravity:
2.465
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named after its discovery locality, Tuperssuatsiat Bay, Illimaussaq complex, Narsaq municipality, Greenland.
Palygorskite Group.
At least two visually similar, isomorphous species are known (Cámara et al., 2002). See also windhoekite.
At least two visually similar, isomorphous species are known (Cámara et al., 2002). See also windhoekite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
4057
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4057:6
IMA Classification of Tuperssuatsiaite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Na2(Fe3+,Mn2+)3Si8O20(OH)2·4H2O
Approval year:
1984
First published:
1984
Classification of Tuperssuatsiaite
9.EE.20
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
E : Single tetrahedral nets of 6-membered rings connected by octahedral nets or octahedral bands
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
E : Single tetrahedral nets of 6-membered rings connected by octahedral nets or octahedral bands
Dana 7th ed.:
74.3.1.2
74.3.1a.2
74 : PHYLLOSILICATES Modulated Layers
3 : Modulated Layers with joined strips
74 : PHYLLOSILICATES Modulated Layers
3 : Modulated Layers with joined strips
14.20.5
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
20 : Silicates of Fe and alkali metals
14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
20 : Silicates of Fe and alkali metals
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Tup | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Tup | Warr (2020) | Warr, L.N. (2020) Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases. Clay Minerals, 55, 261–264 doi:10.1180/clm.2020.30 |
Physical Properties of Tuperssuatsiaite
Silky, Dull
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Golden-yellow, reddish brown, , brown, dark brown, orange-yellow, green
Comment:
From Aris Quarry, Namibia crystals may be colour zoned. Some green crystals turn brown after collection and this may be due to a coupled dehydration-oxidation mechanism.
Streak:
Brownish yellow
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Good on the {100}
Good on the {100}
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
2.465 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.12 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Tuperssuatsiaite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.5388 nβ = 1.5596 nγ = 1.595
2V:
Measured: 103° to 103°, Calculated: 78°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.056
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Low (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
none
Optical Extinction:
X ∧ a = 20°-22° (in the obtuse angle β); Y = b; Z ∧ c = 5°-7°.
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
X = colorless; Y = colorless to light reddish brown; Z = pale yellowish brown to dark reddish brown.
Chemistry of Tuperssuatsiaite
Mindat Formula:
Fe3+Fe3+2(Na◻)◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 2H2O
The IMA formula (see below) is not a charge-balanced end-member formula. The mindat formula (above) is charge-balanced and is derived from the proposed site occupancies listed in Table 11 of Leung & McDonald (2020). Note that in natural material, some Mn2+ and possibly Fe2+ partially replaces Fe3+ in both the M1 and M2 cation sites, with charge balance facilitated by increasing Na in the M3 site.
The IMA formula (see below) is not a charge-balanced end-member formula. The mindat formula (above) is charge-balanced and is derived from the proposed site occupancies listed in Table 11 of Leung & McDonald (2020). Note that in natural material, some Mn2+ and possibly Fe2+ partially replaces Fe3+ in both the M1 and M2 cation sites, with charge balance facilitated by increasing Na in the M3 site.
Element Weights:
Common Impurities:
K,Mg,Ca,Mn,Zn,Al,Ti,F,Cl
Chemical Analysis
Oxide wt%:
| 1 | 2 | |
|---|---|---|
| Na2O | 3.23 % | 3.80 % |
| K2O | 0.78 % | 0.31 % |
| Fe2O3 | 20.63 % | 19.77 % |
| MnO | 5.31 % | 6.01 % |
| ZnO | 0.81 % | 0.71 % |
| MgO | 1.04 % | |
| SiO2 | 56.38 % | 56.62 % |
| Al2O3 | 0.47 % | 0.60 % |
| H2O (calc) | 11.35 % | 12.18 % |
| Total: | 100 % | 100 % |
Empirical formulas:
| Sample ID | Empirical Formula |
|---|---|
| 3 | (Na1.85K0.01)Σ1.86(Fe2.83Mn0.08Mg0.04Ca0.02Zn0.02)Σ2.99(Si7.96Al0.03Ti0.02Σ8.01O20((OH)2.47F0.04Cl0.03)Σ2.54(OH)2)3.90 |
Sample references:
| ID | Type | Locality | Reference | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Type Specimen | Tuperssuatsiat Bay, Tunulliarfik Fjord, Ilímaussaq complex, Kujalleq, Greenland | Fe calculated as Fe3+ Electron-microprobe. Average of seven analyses. | |
| 2 | North shore, Tunulliarfik Fjord, Ilímaussaq complex, Kujalleq, Greenland | Electron microprobe, average of the first nine analysis by Karup-Møller. | ||
| 3 | Aris Quarries, Aris, Windhoek Rural, Khomas Region, Namibia |
Crystallography of Tuperssuatsiaite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 13.72 Å, b = 18 Å, c = 4.82 Å
β = 104.28°
β = 104.28°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.762 : 1 : 0.268
Unit Cell V:
1280.91 ų
Z:
2
Morphology:
Acicular or ruler-shaped crystals up to 1 cm, forming fan-shaped aggregates or rosettes.
Twinning:
Common. With {100} as both the twin and the composition plane.
Comment:
Point Group: 2/m or m: Space Group: C2/c or Cc:
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0002916 | Tuperssuatsiaite | Camara F, Garvie L A J, Devouard B, Groy T L, Buseck P R (2002) The structure of Mn-tuperssuatsiaite, a palygorskite-related mineral American Mineralogist 87 1458-1463 |  | 2002 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 10.78 Å | (very strong) |
| 4.12 Å | (moderate) |
| 3.39 Å | (strong broad) |
| 2.63 Å | (moderate) |
| 2.51 Å | (moderate) |
Comments:
Aris phonolite, Windhoek, Namibia. The data are from von Knorring et al. (1992).
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks |
Type Occurrence of Tuperssuatsiaite
General Appearance of Type Material:
As cavity filling in late veins, forming mm- to cm-sized red-brown fan shaped aggregates or rosettes of fine fibres.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Geological Museum, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Alkaline intrusion.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Tuperssuatsiaite
Other Language Names for Tuperssuatsiaite
Dutch:Tuperssuatsiaiet
Russian:Туперссуатсиаит
Simplified Chinese:钠铁坡缕石
Spanish:Tuperssuatsiaita
Tuperssvatsiaita
Tuperssvatsiaita
Traditional Chinese:鈉鐵坡縷石
Relationship of Tuperssuatsiaite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Palygorskite Group:
| Ikorskyite | KMn3+(Si4O10) · 3H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Palygorskite | ◻Al2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Raite | Mn2+Mn2+2Na2(◻1.75Ti0.25)Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · Na(H2O)6 | Orth. 222 : C222 |
| 'Unnamed (Na-Ca-Fe-Silicate-Hydrate)' | NaCa(Fe2+,Al,Mn)5[Si8O19(OH)](OH)7 · 5H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Windhoekite | Fe3+(Fe3+1.67◻0.33)Ca2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4(OH)2 · 6H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Windmountainite | ◻Fe3+2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Yofortierite | Mn2+Mn2+2Mn2+2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 68 photos of Tuperssuatsiaite associated with Villiaumite | NaF |
| 59 photos of Tuperssuatsiaite associated with Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
| 33 photos of Tuperssuatsiaite associated with Ellingsenite | Na5Ca6Si18O38(OH)13 · 6H2O |
| 26 photos of Tuperssuatsiaite associated with Makatite | Na2Si4O8(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 25 photos of Tuperssuatsiaite associated with Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| 25 photos of Tuperssuatsiaite associated with Fluorite | CaF2 |
| 13 photos of Tuperssuatsiaite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 11 photos of Tuperssuatsiaite associated with Hilairite | Na2Zr[SiO3]3 · 3H2O |
| 10 photos of Tuperssuatsiaite associated with Apophyllite Group | AB4[Si8O20]X · 8H2O |
| 10 photos of Tuperssuatsiaite associated with Pectolite | NaCa2Si3O8(OH) |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.EE. | Cairncrossite | Sr2Ca7-xNa2x(Si4O10)4(OH)2(H2O)15-x |
| 9.EE.05 | Bementite | Mn7Si6O15(OH)8 |
| 9.EE.07 | Innsbruckite | Mn33(Si2O5)14(OH)38 |
| 9.EE.10 | 'Brokenhillite' | Mn8Si6O15(OH)10 |
| 9.EE.10 | Mcgillite | (Mn,Fe)8Si6O15(OH)8Cl2 |
| 9.EE.10 | Friedelite | Mn2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10 |
| 9.EE.10 | Pyrosmalite-(Mn) | Mn2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10 |
| 9.EE.10 | Pyrosmalite-(Fe) | Fe2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10 |
| 9.EE.15 | Nelenite | Mn2+16As3+3Si12O36(OH)17 |
| 9.EE.15 | Schallerite | Mn2+16As3Si12O36(OH)17 |
| 9.EE.20 | Palygorskite | ◻Al2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O |
| 9.EE.20 | Yofortierite | Mn2+Mn2+2Mn2+2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O |
| 9.EE.20 | Windhoekite | Fe3+(Fe3+1.67◻0.33)Ca2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| 9.EE.20 | Windmountainite | ◻Fe3+2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O |
| 9.EE.20 | Ikorskyite | KMn3+(Si4O10) · 3H2O |
| 9.EE.20 | 'Unnamed (Na-Ca-Fe-Silicate-Hydrate)' | NaCa(Fe2+,Al,Mn)5[Si8O19(OH)](OH)7 · 5H2O |
| 9.EE.25 | Sepiolite | Mg4(Si6O15)(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| 9.EE.25 | Loughlinite | Na2Mg3Si6O16 · 8H2O |
| 9.EE.25 | Falcondoite | (Ni,Mg)4Si6O15(OH)2 · 6H2O |
| 9.EE.25 | Kalifersite | (K,Na)5Fe3+7Si20O50(OH)6 · 12H2O |
| 9.EE.30 | Orlymanite | Ca4Mn3Si8O20(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| 9.EE.30 | Tungusite | Ca4Fe2Si6O15(OH)6 |
| 9.EE.30 | Gyrolite | NaCa16Si23AlO60(OH)8 · 14H2O |
| 9.EE.35 | Reyerite | (Na,K)2Ca14(Si,Al)24O58(OH)8 · 6H2O |
| 9.EE.35 | Kodamaite | Na3(Ca5Na)Si16O36(OH)4F2 · (14-x)H2O |
| 9.EE.35 | Truscottite | (Ca,Mn)14Si24O58(OH)8 · 2H2O |
| 9.EE.40 | Natrosilite | Na2Si2O5 |
| 9.EE.45 | Makatite | Na2Si4O8(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 9.EE.50 | Varennesite | Na8Mn2Si10O25(OH,Cl)2 · 12H2O |
| 9.EE.55 | Raite | Mn2+Mn2+2Na2(◻1.75Ti0.25)Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · Na(H2O)6 |
| 9.EE.60 | Intersilite | Na6Mn2+Ti[Si10O24(OH)](OH)3 · 4H2O |
| 9.EE.65 | Zakharovite | Na4Mn5Si10O24(OH)6 · 6H2O |
| 9.EE.65 | Shafranovskite | Na3K2(Mn,Fe,Na)4[Si9(O,OH)27](OH)2 · nH2O |
| 9.EE.70 | Zeophyllite | Ca13Si10O28(OH)2F8 · 6H2O |
| 9.EE.75 | Minehillite | (K,Na)2-3Ca28Zn4Al4Si40O112(OH)16 |
| 9.EE.80 | Fedorite | (Na,K)2-3(Ca4Na3)Si16O38(OH,F)2 · 3.5H2O |
| 9.EE.80 | Martinite | (Na,◻,Ca)12Ca4(Si,S,B)14B2O38(OH,Cl)2F2 · 4H2O |
| 9.EE.80 | Ellingsenite | Na5Ca6Si18O38(OH)13 · 6H2O |
| 9.EE.85 | Lalondeite | (Na,Ca)6(Ca,Na)3Si16O38(F,OH)2 · 3H2O |
Fluorescence of Tuperssuatsiaite
Not fluorescent.
Other Information
IR Spectrum:
Absorption bands caused by structural H2O and (OH), zeolitic H2O, absorbed H2O, and SiO4 tetrahedra.
Thermal Behaviour:
The DTA curve shows one endothermic peak at room temperature caused by the release of absorbed water. The mineral recrystallizes around 250°C and just below 700°C.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Tuperssuatsiaite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4057.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Tuperssuatsiaite
Reference List:
Dunn, Pete J., Ferraiolo, James A., Fleischer, Michael, Gobel, Volker, Grice, Joel D., Langley, Richard H., Shigley, James E., Vanko, David A., Zilczer, Janet A. (1985) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 70 (11-12) 1329-1335
Cámara, Fernando, Garvie, Laurence A.J., Devouard, Bertrand, Groy, Thomas L., Buseck, Peter R. (2002) The structure of Mn-rich tuperssuatsiaite: A palygorskite-related mineral. American Mineralogist, 87 (10) 1458-1463 doi:10.2138/am-2002-1023
Localities for Tuperssuatsiaite
Showing 16 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Brazil | |
| Atencio et al. (2005) |
| Azzi (2019) +1 other reference | |
Canada | |
| Horváth et al. (2000) +1 other reference |
| Horváth et al. (1998) |
| Horváth et al. (1998) | |
Greenland | |
| Petersen (2001) |
| Knut Edvard Larsen collection # 1107 ( Ex Hans Vidar Ellingsen & Astrid Haugen collection) |
| Pekov et al. (2002) | |
| Karup-Møller et al. (1984) |
| Karup-Møller et al. (1984) +1 other reference |
Namibia | |
| ... +6 other references |
Russia | |
| ... |
| Arzamastsev et al. (2008) +1 other reference |
| Pekov (2000) | |
USA | |
| Howard (2007) |
| Jerry Cone Collection |
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Tuperssuatsiat Bay, Tunulliarfik Fjord, Ilímaussaq complex, Kujalleq, Greenland